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Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue: Excitatory Transmission Outside the CNS pp 99–127Cite as

The Vertebrate Retina

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7. Summary and Conclusion

Histological analyses of presynaptic neurons and physiological recordings from postsynaptic cells suggest that photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglion cells release glutamate as their neurotransmitter. Multiple glutamate receptor types are present and differentially distributed in the retina. iGluRs, found on neurons within the OFF pathway, directly gate ion channels and mediate rapid synaptic transmission. IGluRs are also present on ON-type amacrine and ganglion cells in proximal retina, while ON-bipolar cells express the metabotropic APB receptor. Signaling through the APB receptor is important during development as bipolar cell input to ganglion cells mediate the formation of ON and OFF processes in the IPL. Glutamate transporters are also present at retinal glutamatergic synapses. Transporters remove excess glutamate from the synaptic cleft to prevent neurotoxicity. Thus, postsynaptic responses to glutamate are determined by the distribution of receptors and transporters at glutamatergic synapses which, in retina, determine the conductance mechanisms underlying visual information processing and development within the ON and OFF pathways.

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    Victoria P. Connaughton

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Connaughton, V.P. (2005). The Vertebrate Retina. In: Gill, S., Pulido, O. (eds) Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue: Excitatory Transmission Outside the CNS. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48644-X_6

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