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Neurorobotics

  • Chapter
Neural Engineering

Part of the book series: Bioelectric Engineering ((BEEG))

Abstract

Images from Hollywood suggest that by directly communicating with the brain it may be possible to control human behavior (Terminal Man) or provide a new reality far more interesting than what we currently experience (The Matrix). Unfortunately, Hollywood has always been a bit ahead of science and our ability to directly interface with the brain is at its infancy. There are, however, some clear examples of successful neural prosthetic devices that suggest the possibility of restoring function after injury. For example, over 30,000 auditory prostheses have been successfully implanted in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (Rubenstein and Miller, 1999). These devices bypass normal signaling mechanisms in the ear by translating sounds into patterns of stimulation and directly activate nerve cells to improve hearing in a broad range of patients. Another example of successful neural prosthetics is the technique for electrically stimulating either the muscles or nerves that innervate them to restore some function after paralysis. Over 150 functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices have been implanted into patients. These devices have been used to assist in breathing, bladder control, posture, and locomotion. There are now commercially available neural prosthetic devices (Smith et ai, 1987; Peckham et al, 2000) that restore hand grasp function by stimulating muscles through electrodes. The electrodes are controlled by movement of the shoulder or neck and they stimulate nerves in the arm or wrist to restore grasping function in patients who have suffered loss of function in their arms or hands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    Karen A. Moxon (Assistant Professor)

  2. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    Karen A. Moxon (Assistant Professor)

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  1. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

    Bin He

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Moxon, K.A. (2005). Neurorobotics. In: He, B. (eds) Neural Engineering. Bioelectric Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48610-5_4

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