Abstract
Distances between unpaired electrons ranging from ca. 15 Å to > 50 Å measured by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Techniques are available to measure distances between two slowly relaxing centers or between a rapidly relaxing center and a slowly relaxing center. An overview of these methods is provided with an emphasis on recent examples that demonstrate the power of these techniques.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
10. References
Berliner, L. J., Eaton, S. S., and Eaton, G. R., eds. (2000). Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, Biol. Magn. Reson, 19.
Bittl, R., and Zech, S. G. (2001). Pulsed EPR Spectroscopy On Short-Lived Intermediates In Photosystem I, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1507, 194–211.
Borbat, P. P. and Freed, J. H. (2000). Double-Quantum ESE and Distance Measurements Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 383–459.
Borbat, P. P., Mchaourab, H. S., and Freed, J. H. (2002). Protein Structure Determination Using Long-Distance Constraints from Double-Quantum Coherence ESR: Study of T4 Lysozyme, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 5304–5314.
Coffman, R. E., and Buettner, G. R. (1979). A Limit Function for Long-Range Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Superexchange. J. Phys. Chem. 83, 2387–2392.
Dzuba, S. A. and Hoff, A. J. (2000). Photo-Induced Radical Pairs Investigated using Out-of-Phase Electron Spin Echo, Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 569–596.
Dzuba, S. A., and Kawamori, A. (1993). Selective Hole Burning: Spectral Diffusion and Dipolar Broadening, Concepts in Magnetic Resonance 8, 49–61.
Eaton, G. R. and Eaton, S. S. (1998). EPR Studies of Long-Range Intramolecular Electron-Electron Exchange Interaction, Accts. Chem. Res. 21, 107–113.
Eaton, S. S. and Eaton, G. R. (2000a). Distance Measurements by CW and Pulsed EPR in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 2–21.
Eaton, S. S. and Eaton, G. R. (2000b). Relaxation Times of Organic Radicals and Transition Metal Ions in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 29–154.
Eaton, S. S., and Eaton, G. R. (2000c). Determination of Distances Based on T 1 and T m in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 347–381.
Harbridge, J. R., Eaton, S. S., Eaton, G. R. (2003). Electron Spin-Lattice Relaxation Processes of Radicals in Irradiated Crystalline Organic Compounds, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 598–610.
Jeschke, G. (2002) Determination of the Nanostructure of Polymer Materials by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 23, 227–246.
Jeschke, G., Pannier, M., Spiess, H. W. (2000a). Double Electron-Electron Resonance in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 493–512.
Jeschke, G., Pannier, M., Godt, A., and Spiess, H. W. (2000b). Dipolar Spectroscopy and Spin Alignment in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Chem. Phys. Lett. 331, 243–252.
Jeschke, G., Koch, A., Jonas, U., Godt, A. (2002). Direct Conversion of EPR Dipolar Time Evolution Data to Dipolar Distances, J. Magn. Reson. 155, 72–82.
Lakshmi, K. V., and Brudvig, G. W. (2000). Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Distance Measurements in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 493–512.
Lu, Y., and Valentine, J. S. (1997). Engineering Metal-Binding Sites in Proteins, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 495–500.
Lu, Y. S., Berg, S. M., and Pfister, T. D. (2001). Engineering Novel Metalloproteins: Design of Metal-Binding Sites into Native Protein Scaffolds, Chem. Rev. 101, 3047–3080.
Luckhurst, G. R. (1976). Biradicals as Spin Probes in Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications, L. J. Berliner, ed., Academic Press, N. Y., ch. 4.
Milov, A. D., Maryasov, A. G., and Tsvetkov, Y. D. (1998). Pulsed Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR) and its Applications in Free Radicals Research. Appl. Magn. Reson. 15, 107–143.
Milov, A. D., Tsvetkov, Yu. D., Formaggio, F., Crisma, M., Toniolo, C., Raap, J. (2001). The Secondary Structure of a Membrane-Modifying Peptide in a Supramolecular Assembly Studied by PELDOR and CW-ESR Spectroscopies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 3784–3789.
Pannier, M., Schädler, V., Schöps, M., Wiesner, U., Jeschke, G., Spiess, W. (2000). Determination of Ion Cluster Size and Cluster-to-Cluster Distances in Ionomers by Four-Pulse Double Electron Electron Resonance Spectroscopy, Macromol. 33, 7812–7818.
Rakowsky, M. H., Zecevic, A., Eaton, G. R., and Eaton, S. S. (1998). Determination of High-Spin Iron(III)-Nitroxyl Distances in Spin-Labeled Porphyrins by Time-Domain EPR. J. Magn. Reson. 131, 97–110.
Ratsimring, A. (2000). “2+1” Pulse Sequence as Applied for Distance and Spatial Distribution Measurements of Paramagnetic Centers, in Distance Measurements in Biological Systems by EPR, L. J. Berliner, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton, eds., Biol. Magn. Reson. 19, 461–491.
Regan, L. (1993). The Design of Metal-Binding Sites in Proteins. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 22, 257–281.
Seiter, M., Budker, V., Du, J.-L, Eaton, G. R., and Eaton, S. S. (1998). Interspin Distances Determined by Time Domain EPR of Spin-Labeled High-Spin Methemoglobin. Inorg. Chim. Acta 273, 354–366.
Ulyanov, D., Bowler, B. E., Eaton, G. R., and Eaton, S. S. (to be published).
Voss, J. L., Hubbell, W. L., and Kaback, H. R. (1995). Distance Determination in Proteins using Designed Metal Binding Sites and Site-Directed Spin Labeling: Application to the Lactose Permease of Escherichia Coli, Biochemistry 34, 6272–6277.
Zhou, Y., Bowler, B. E., Lynch, K., Eaton, S. S. and Eaton, G. R. (2000). Interspin Distances in Spin-Labeled Metmyoglobin Variants Determined by Saturation Recovery EPR. Biophys. J. 79, 1039–1052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eaton, S.S., Eaton, G.R. (2005). Measurement of Distances Between Electron Spins Using Pulsed EPR. In: Eaton, S.R., Eaton, G.R., Berliner, L.J. (eds) Biomedical EPR, Part B: Methodology, Instrumentation, and Dynamics. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 24/B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48533-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48533-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-48532-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48533-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)