Summary
We conducted systematic behavioral observations and censuses of mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) between 1992 and 1999 at four different study sites in both the monas’ original African range and on islands to which populations were introduced. We observed all-male groups and heard copulation calls at three sites. All-male groups contained between two and five individuals consisting of adults, subadults, and/or juveniles. Individual tenure within habituated all-male groups varied from a few days to more than two years. We rarely observed agonistic behavior within all-male groups but affiliative behavior was common. Copulation calls consisted of two call types, warbles and grunts, given either simultaneously or alone. We only heard adult heterosexual pairs of mixed-sex groups giving these calls while copulating. The nature of the calls did not vary between study sites. Before our studies, the presence of relatively stable all-male groups was unknown in the genus Cercopithecus and only one other species besides C. mona, C. solatus, was known to emit vocalizations while copulating.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bourlière, F., Hunkeler, C., and Bertrand, M. 1970. Ecology and behavior of Lowe’s guenon (Cercopithecus campbelli lowei) in the Ivory Coast. In: J. R. Napier, and P. H. Napier (eds.), Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematic and Behaviour, pp. 297–350. Academic Press, New York.
Brockelman, W., and Schilling, D. 1984. Inheritance of stereotyped gibbon calls. Nature (London) 312:634–636.
Butynski, T. M. 1990. Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high-and low-density subpopulations. Ecol. Monogr. 60(1): 1–26.
Cords, M. 1984. Mating patterns and social structure in redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius). Z. Tierpsychol. 64:313–329.
Cords, M. 1987. Forest guenons and patas monkeys: male-male competition in one-male groups. In: B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), Primate Societies, pp. 98–111. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Cords, M., Mitchell, B. J., Tsingalia, H. M., and Rowell, T. E., 1986. Promiscuous mating among blue monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Ecology. 72:214–226.
Dutrillaux, B., Muleris, M., and Couturier, J. 1988. Chromosomal evolution of Cercopithecinae. In: A. Gautier-Hion, F. Bourliè, J.-P. Gautier, and J. Kingdon (eds.), A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, pp. 150–159. University Press, Cambridge, England.
Fleury, M.-C., and Gautier-Hion, A. 1997. Better to live with allogenerics than to live alone? The case of single male Cercopithecus pogonias in troops of Colobus satanas. Int. J. Primatol. 18: 967–974.
Galat, G., and Galat-Luong, A. 1978. Diet of green monkeys in Senegal. In: D. J. Chivers, and J. Herbert (eds.), Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. I (Behaviour), pp. 257–258. Academic Press, New York.
Gartlan, J. S. 1973. Influences of phylogeny and ecology on variations in the group organization of primates. In: E. W. Menzel (ed.), Precultural Primate Behavior, Symp. IVth Int. Congr. Primatol., Vol. 1, pp. 88–101. Karger, Basel.
Gartlan, J. S. 1975. Adaptive aspects of social structure in Erythrocebus patas. In: S. Kondo, M. Kawai, A. Ehara, and S. Kawamura (eds.), Proceedings from the Symposia of the Fifth Congress of the International Primatological Society, pp. 161–171. Japan Science Press, Tokyo.
Gartlan, J. S., and Struhsaker, T. T. 1972. Polyspecific associations and niche separation of rainforest anthropoids in Cameroon, West Africa. J. Zool., Lond. 168:221–266.
Gautier, J.-P. 1988. Interspecific affinities among guenons as deduced from vocalizations. In: A. Gautier-Hion, F. Bourlière, J.-P. Gautier, and J. Kingdon (eds.), A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, pp. 194–226. University Press, Cambridge, England.
Gautier, J.-P., and Gautier, A. 1977. Communication in Old World monkeys. In: T. A. Seebok (ed.), How Animals Communicate, pp. 890–964. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
Gautier, J.-P., Vercauteren Drubbel, R., and Deleporte, P. 2002. Phylogeny of the Cercopithecus lhoesti group revisited: Combining multiple character sets. In: M. E. Glenn, and M. Cords (eds.), The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys, pp. 37–48. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York.
Glenn, M. E. 1996. The Natural History and Ecology of the Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona Schreber 1774) on the Island of Grenada, West Indies, Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
Glenn, M. E. 1997. Group size and group composition of the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) on the island of Grenada, West Indies. Am. J. Primatol. 43(2): 167–173.
Glenn, M. E. 1998. Population density of Cercopithecus mona on the Caribbean island of Grenada. Folia Primatol. 69:167–171.
Glenn, M. E., and Bensen, K. J. 1998. Capture techniques and morphological measurements of the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) on the island of Grenada, West Indies. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 105:481–491.
Glenn, M. E., Bensen, K. J., and Bekhuis, P. (unpub. report, a). Surveys of Mona Monkeys in the Bimbia Bonadikombo Community Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Research Report to the Government of Cameroon, October 2000, 20 pp.
Glenn, M. E., Bensen, K. J., and Jensen, K. F. (unpub. report, b). Comparative Studies of Island and Mainland Dwelling Populations of Mona Monkeys: Sã Tomé and Prícipe, Research Report to AGRECO and ECOFAC Africa, May 1999, 37 pp.
Grenada Government and Organization of American States (1988). Plan and Policy for a System of National Parks and Protected Areas, Dept. Reg. Dev., OAS, Washington, D.C.
Hall, K. R. L. 1965. Behaviour and ecology of the wild patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas in Uganda. J. Zool., Lond. 148:15–87.
Howard, R. 1977. Niche Separation among Three Sympatric Species of Cercopithecus Monkeys, Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.
Jürgens, U. 1979. Vocalizations as an emotional indication. A neuroethological study on the squirrel monkeys. Behaviour 69:88–117.
Jürgens, U. 1990. Vocal communication in primates. In: R. P. Kesner, and D. S. Olton (eds.), Neurobiology of Comparative Cognition, pp. 51–76. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
Matsuda, R. (in prep.). Behavior and Ecology of the Mona Monkey in the Lama Forest of Republic of Benin, West Africa. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York, New York.
Newman, J. D., and Symmes, D. 1982. Inheritance and experience in the acquisition of primate acoustic behavior. In: C. T. Snowdon, C. H. Brown, and M. R. Petersen (eds.), Primate Communication, pp. 259–278. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Pulliam, H. R., and Caraco, T. 1984. Living in groups: Is there an optimal group size? In: J. R. Krebs, and N. B. Davies (eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, pp. 122–147. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Rowell, T. E. 1988. The social system of guenons, compared with baboons, macaques and mangabeys. In: A. Gautier-Hion, F. Bourlière, J.-P. Gautier, and J. Kingdon (eds.), A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, pp. 439–451. University Press, Cambridge, England.
Ruvolo, M. 1988. Genetic evolution in the African guenons. In: A. Gautier-Hion, F. Bourlière, J.-P. Gautier, and J. Kingdon (eds.), A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, pp. 128–139. University Press, Cambridge, England.
Struhsaker, T. T. 1969. Correlates of ecology and social organization among African cercopithecines. Folia Primatol. 11:80–118.
Struhsaker, T. T. 1970. Phylogenic implications of some vocalizations of Cercopithecus monkeys. In: J. R. Napier, and P. H. Napier (eds.), Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematics and Behaviour, pp. 365–411. Academic Press, London.
Struhsaker, T. T., and Leland, L. 1979. Socioecology of five sympatric monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. In: J. S. Rosenblatt, R. A. Hinde, C. Beer, and M.-C. Busnel (eds.), Advances in the Study of Behaviour, Vol. 9, pp. 159–228. Academic Press, London.
Terborgh, J. 1983. Five New World Primates: A Study in Comparative Ecology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Tsingalia, H. M., and Rowell, T. E. 1984. The behaviour of adult male blue monkeys. Z. Tierpsychol. 64:253–268.
van Schaik, C. P., and Horstermann, M. 1994. Predation risk and the number of adult males in a primate group: a comparative test. Behav. Ecol. Sociobial. 35:261–272.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glenn, M.E., Matsuda, R., Bensen, K.J. (2004). Unique Behavior of the Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona): All-Male Groups and Copulation Calls. In: Glenn, M.E., Cords, M. (eds) The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48417-X_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48417-X_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-47346-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48417-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive