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RNA/DNA Based Detection of Minimal Residual Head and Neck Cancer

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Book cover Micrometastasis

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 5))

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Abstract

The prognosis of head and neck cancer is largely determined by the radicality of treatment: residual tumour cells will grow out and develop in manifest local recurrences, regional recurrences and distant metastases. Classical diagnostic methods such as radiology and histopathology have limited sensitivities, and only by molecular techniques minimal residual cancer or disseminated tumour cells can be detected. In tissue samples containing the normal tissue counterpart of a tumour only (pre)cancer cell-specific markers can be exploited, whereas in other samples tissue-specific markers can be used. Currently, there are two main methodologies in use, one based on antigen-antibody interaction, and the other based on amplified nucleic acids. The most commonly used nucleic acid markers are mutations or alterations in tumour DNA (tumour-specific markers) or differentially expressed mRNA (tissue-specific markers). The limits of detection of these molecular assays can reach levels of a single tumour cell in a background of 2 107 normal cells. The assays are, however, often complex, demand a large experience and are usually laborious. Nevertheless, the data collected with these assays enable the elucidation of unexplained clinical phenomena. Further technical developments might allow implementation in clinical practice once the relevance has been assessed in large prognostic trials with long-term follow-up. In this chapter a number of the molecular assays used for (pre)cancer cell detection in head and neck cancer patients will be presented.

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  1. Section Tumour Biology, Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Ruud H. Brakenhoff

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  1. Institute of Tumour Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

    Klaus Pantel (Director) (Director)

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Brakenhoff, R.H. (2003). RNA/DNA Based Detection of Minimal Residual Head and Neck Cancer. In: Pantel, K. (eds) Micrometastasis. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48355-6_2

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