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Regulation of Chloroplast Translation

  • Chapter
Book cover Regulation of Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 11))

Summary

Plastid gene expression is highly regulated in response to environmental parameters, such as light, during plant growth and development. The integrated regulation of post-transcriptional events, such as mRNA stability, mRNA processing, and translation, has been shown to play amajor role in chloroplast gene expression. Biosynthesis of many chloroplast proteins shows a requirement for nuclear-encoded proteins and hence a coordination of the two genomes. Genetic analysis of mutants and biochemical analysis of proteins involved in gene expression have begun to reveal mechanisms of plastid gene expression. Analyses of mutants in green algae and plants have identified trans-acting nuclear encoded proteins, and cis-elements in the messenger RNAs that are involved in the expression of specific chloroplast genes. Biochemical studies have identified interactions of these trans-acting proteins with cis-elements found in both the 5′and 3′ untranslated regions of plastid mRNAs. Translation initiation in chloroplast mRNAs has both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features indicating that chloroplast translational regulation is a hybrid between the two systems. An emerging theme suggests that translational regulation relies on specific RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions that influence the ability of the ribosome to correctly initiate translation at the start codon. Understanding the involvement of nuclear gene products in the regulation of chloroplast translation should allow for the identification of the mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression that facilitate the coordination of a prokaryotic-like organelle with the eukaryotic nuclear host.

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  1. Department of Cell Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Aravind Somanchi & Stephen P. Mayfield

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  1. Aravind Somanchi
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  2. Stephen P. Mayfield
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Turku, Finland

    Eva-Mari Aro

  2. University of Stockholm/Linköping, Sweden

    Bertil Andersson

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© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Somanchi, A., Mayfield, S.P. (2001). Regulation of Chloroplast Translation. In: Aro, EM., Andersson, B. (eds) Regulation of Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48148-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48148-0_8

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