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Soluble and Plasma Membrane-bound Enzymes Involved in Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism

  • Chapter
Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 12))

Summary

Cytosolic nitrate reductase has been the subject of numerous studies because it has long been considered the principal site of the regulation of nitrate assimilation. Recently, specific plasma membrane-bound enzymes have been identified, which are able to reduce nitrate as well as nitrite and which exhibit particularly interesting structural and biochemical properties. Other recent studies have demonstrated that nitrite reductase shares its ability to reduce nitrite with the plasma membrane-bound nitrite:NO oxidoreductase in roots and also with cytosolic nitrate reductase. Nitrite reduction catalysed by these enzymes leads to the production of NO. We assess the physiological significance of these reactions in the detoxification of nitrate and nitrite or in the production of a signaling molecule. We also discuss other enzyme activities that may play significant roles in nitrite detoxification, either by reduction to gaseous species or by oxidation to nitrate. The second reaction of nitrate assimilation, the conversion of nitrite to ammonium, can consume a significant proportion of photosynthetic reducing energy, either directly in chloroplasts or indirectly, via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Evidence is presented that plastidic nitrite reductase, the enzyme that catalyses this conversion, might be as finely regulated as nitrate reductase by endogenous factors. The expression of both reductases appears to respond in a similar fashion to carbon and nitrogen metabolites and also to nitrate, though some differences are discussed. In concert with the regulation of the expression of these components, nitrate also controls expression of the enzymatic machinery needed for the supply of reducing power to nitrite reduction, underscoring the importance of this reaction as a sink for reducing power.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Nutrition Azotée des Plantes, INRA, 78026, Versailles, France

    Christian Meyer

  2. Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christine Stöhr

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Performance and Improvement Division, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK

    Christine H. Foyer

  2. Institut de la Biotechnologie des Plantes, Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Orsay, France

    Graham Noctor

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Meyer, C., Stöhr, C. (2002). Soluble and Plasma Membrane-bound Enzymes Involved in Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism. In: Foyer, C.H., Noctor, G. (eds) Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48138-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48138-3_4

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