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Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation: Inter-Pathway Control and Signaling

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Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 12))

Summary

The leaf is the predominant site of nitrogen assimilation in many crop species, and the stimulation of nitrogen assimilation by light reveals a close dependence on photosynthesis. Light controls the activity of nitrate reductase and, directly or indirectly, provides the reducing power necessary for the reductive incorporation of nitrate into amino groups. Photosynthetic and respiratory carbon metabolism is also required to generate the carbon skeletons necessary for amino acid synthesis. Amino acids represent the hub around which revolve the processes of nitrogen assimilation, associated carbon metabolism, photorespiration, export of organic nitrogen from the leaf, and the synthesis of nitrogenous end-products. Specific major amino acids are modulated differentially by photorespiration and nitrogen assimilation, even though these processes are tightly intermeshed. Minor amino acids show marked diurnal rhythms and their contents fluctuate in a co-ordinated manner. We discuss how regulation of the expression and activity of key enzymes allows co-ordination of carbon and nitrogen assimilation, and we assess the relative roles of key ‘sensors’ of Carbon-Nitrogen status. Analysis reveals a complex network of controls brokered by an interplay of signals emanating from nitrate, carbohydrates, key metabolites such as glutamine, and plant hormones. In particular, abscisic acid is clearly implicated in the sensing of sugars and nitrate and associated signaling in higher plants. These controls act not only to orchestrate the activities of carbon and nitrogen assimilation at the intracellular level, but also influence plant development. The integrated perception of signals from hormones, nitrate, sugars, organic acids, and amino acids permits the plant to tailor its capacity for nitrogen assimilation to nutrient availability and requirements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK

    Christine H Foyer

  2. Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, Université de Paris XI, 91405, Orsay cedex, France

    Graham Noctor

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  1. Christine H Foyer
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  1. Crop Performance and Improvement Division, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK

    Christine H. Foyer

  2. Institut de la Biotechnologie des Plantes, Université Denis Diderot Paris VII, Orsay, France

    Graham Noctor

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Foyer, C.H., Noctor, G. (2002). Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation: Inter-Pathway Control and Signaling. In: Foyer, C.H., Noctor, G. (eds) Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48138-3_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48138-3_1

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