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Induction of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism—Molecular Aspects

  • Chapter
Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 9))

Summary

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) represents a notable adaptation to photosynthetic CO2 fixation that affords plants a competitive advantage in CO2−or water-limiting environments. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of CAM are well understood, as are the ecophysiological implications of the pathway. As our knowledge expands, it has become increasingly evident that the CAM adaptation exhibits an enormous degree of metabolic plasticity, especially in the extent to which CAM is influenced by environmental and developmental factors. In many species, CAM is induced in response to environmental stress conditions or as part of a developmental progression towards maturity. Our current understanding of induction, relationship to environmental factors, and regulation of the CAM cycle at the molecular genetic level will be reviewed. Since 1989, with the characterization of the first genes from a CAM plant, mechanisms have been uncovered which reveal the dependence of CAM gene regulation on a host of factors including plant growth regulators, various abiotic stresses, light, and circadian rhythms. The regulation of CAM gene expression occurs predominantly at the transcriptional level; however, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulatory events play additional roles in fine-tuning the expression of the pathway in response to environmental changes and in synchrony with plant development. One of the most captivating areas of CAM research, for the foreseeable future, is centered around understanding perception and signal transduction mechanisms that induce CAM and control circadian rhythm. Finally, development of genetic models and new approaches using transgenic CAM plants promise to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of CAM induction in the near future.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

6-BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

CAM:

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

CaM:

calmodulin

cGMP:

cyclic guanosine 3′-5′-cyclic monophosphate

enolase:

2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid

EMS:

ethyl methane sulfonate

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

EST:

expressed sequence tag

FBP:

fructore-1, 6-bisphosphatase

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

HMG:

high mobility group

MAL:

malate

MDH:

malate dehydrogenase

IP3:

inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate

MAPK:

mitogen activated protein kinase

ME:

malic enzyme

MJA:

methyl jasmonate

MYB:

myeloblastosis proto-oncogene product

NAD:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized

NADP:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized

OAA:

oxaloacetate

Pi:

inorganic orthophosphate

PEP:

phosphoenolpyruvate

PEPC:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

PEPCK:

PEP carboxykinase

PGM:

phosphoglyceromutase

PP1:

protein phosphatase 1

PP2A:

protein phosphatase 2A

PP2B:

protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin)

PPDK:

pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase

RPK:

receptor protein kinase

Rubisco:

ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

T-DNA:

transferred DNA

V-ATPase:

V-type H1-translocating ATPase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 147 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    John C. Cushman & Tahar Taybi

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 540 Biosciences West, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Hans J. Bohnert

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  1. John C. Cushman
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  2. Tahar Taybi
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  3. Hans J. Bohnert
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, UK

    Richard C. Leegood

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, USA

    Thomas D. Sharkey

  3. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Australia

    Susanne von Caemmerer

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© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Cushman, J.C., Taybi, T., Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Induction of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism—Molecular Aspects. In: Leegood, R.C., Sharkey, T.D., von Caemmerer, S. (eds) Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_23

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