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Photosynthesis pp 249–274Cite as

Intercellular Transport and Phloem Loading of Sucrose, Oligosaccharides and Amino Acids

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 9))

Summary

Photoassimilate export from the mesophyll and the processes underlying phloem loading are central to the efficient growth, competitive ability, and reproductive success of a plant. The assimilate flux out of the leaf is regulated on a number of levels. For example, structural aspects including the spatial organization of individual cell types within the leaf and the extent of the symplasmic connections between these cell types control these fluxes at the cellular level. Phloem loading can follow a symplasmic route, or involve an apoplasmic step within the vicinity of the companion cell-sieve element (CC-SE) complex. In the latter case, apoplasmic transfer is regulated by the capacity of the individual cell types to engage in efflux or uptake (retrieval) of photoassimilates. Within the autotrophic tissues of the leaf, photoassimilate flow may be regulated through feed-back mechanisms that can modify biochemical pathways, plasmodesmal conductivity, and membrane transport properties. At the membrane transport level, molecular techniques have led to the isolation and characterization of transporters operating at the site of phloem loading. These studies allowed for the molecular manipulation of such transport systems and now offer a powerful method to advance our understanding of the events that underlie both phloem loading and photoassimilate allocation. The recent discovery that plasmodesmata can mediate the cell-to-cell transport of macromolecules suggests that these unique structures may play a role not only in assimilate transport, but also in the integration of cellular processes. A model is proposed where regulatory macromolecules move cell to cell, within the leaf, as well as long-distance, via the phloem, to serve in the coordination and regulation of physiological events taking place in source and sink tissues.

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Abbreviations

BS:

bundlesheath

CC-SE:

companion cell-sieve element complex

EM:

electron microscopy

PCMBS:

p-chloromercuri-benzenesulfonic acid

SEL:

size exclusion limit

SER:

sieve element reticulum

TMV-MP:

tobacco mosaic virus movement protein

VP:

vascular parenchyma

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Christian Schobert & William J. Lucas

  2. Department of Botany, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4210, USA

    Vincent R. Franceschi

  3. Institut für Botanik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Wolf B. Frommer

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  1. Christian Schobert
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  2. William J. Lucas
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  3. Vincent R. Franceschi
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  4. Wolf B. Frommer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, UK

    Richard C. Leegood

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, USA

    Thomas D. Sharkey

  3. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Australia

    Susanne von Caemmerer

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Schobert, C., Lucas, W.J., Franceschi, V.R., Frommer, W.B. (2000). Intercellular Transport and Phloem Loading of Sucrose, Oligosaccharides and Amino Acids. In: Leegood, R.C., Sharkey, T.D., von Caemmerer, S. (eds) Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_11

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