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Lipids in Photosynthesis: Structure, Function and Genetics pp 287–302Cite as

Involvement of Chloroplast Lipids in the Reaction of Plants Submitted to Stress

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 6))

Summary

This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of stresses which have been noted to affect Chloroplast lipids or their metabolism. Where adaptation to the stress is possible, it is usually not clear if the alterations in lipid biochemistry are part of the adaptive response.

Light is needed for adequate rates of lipid formation and, in addition, may be absolutely required for the production of certain molecules. For temperature, most attention has focused on low temperature and chilling stresses. However, high stress temperatures may also affect lipid metabolism and function. Low temperature exposure may have a number of effects of which increased unsaturation is the most common change. This phenomenon has been relatively well studied compared to the effect of drought or salt stress.

Within the atmosphere ozone is known to increase lipid (and membrane) peroxidation. However, it also initiates a series of changes to the normal metabolism of Chloroplast lipids which result in the marked disappearance of galactolipids and increase in triacylglycerol. In contrast, raised carbon dioxide (as predicted in the ‘Greenhouse Effect’) causes more subtle changes in lipid metabolism and cellular morphology.

Various xenobiotics have been found to alter plant lipids. Of these, two classes of herbicide (the substituted pyridazinones and the Graminicides) have prominent effects. Although plants can usually survive pyridazinone exposure if only acyl lipids are affected, their ability to cope with subsequent stresses is often compromised. In contrast, the Graminicides are lethal at quite low concentrations with the susceptible Poaceae.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences, University of Wales College of Cardiff, P.O. Box 911, Cardiff, CF1 3US, UK

    John L. Harwood

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  1. Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Siegenthaler Paul-André

  2. National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan

    Murata Norio

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Harwood, J.L. (1998). Involvement of Chloroplast Lipids in the Reaction of Plants Submitted to Stress. In: Paul-André, S., Norio, M. (eds) Lipids in Photosynthesis: Structure, Function and Genetics. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48087-5_15

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