Conclusions
This chapter focused on frequency synthesizers intended to be used in phasemodulation communication systems. An analysis of the residual phase deviation of PLL frequency synthesizers was presented, departing from a simplified model which was used to relate the phase noise of the building blocks to the total residual phase deviation. The simple model was enhanced with an investigation of the effect of the phase margin and of the open-loop bandwidth on the residual phase deviation. The results were used in the implementation of adesign methodology for single-loop PLLs and for multi-loop PLLs. A double-loop tuning system architecture, intended to be used in L-band satellite receivers, was then described. It consists of a wide-band loop for phase noise reduction of the integrated oscillator and of a second loop which supplies the wide-band loop with a clean reference signal in the VHF range. The remaining of the chapter presented the architecture and circuit implementation of building blocks for wide-band loops: a low-power 3 GHz modular programmable divider and a 300 MHz phase-frequency detector/charge-pump combination. The circuits were implemented in a conservative BiCMOS technology which provided npn transistors with an fT of 9 GHz and lateral pnp transistors with an fT of 200 MHz. The innovative circuit topology of the charge-pump enabled dead-zone free operation at frequencies in excess of the fT of the pnp transistors which composed its output stage.
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(2003). Wide-Band Tuning System Architectures. In: Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers. The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 693. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47955-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47955-9_4
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