Skip to main content

The Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Sepsis

  • Chapter
  • 306 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bone RC, Grodzin CJ, Balk RA. Sepsis: a new hypothesis for pathogenesis of the disease process. Chest 1997; 112:235–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Brun-Buisson C. The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26: S64–S74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anonymous. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1990-May 1999, issued June 1999. Am J Infect Contr 1999; 27:520–532

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rangel-Frausto MS. The epidemiology of bacterial sepsis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1999; 13:229–312

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fridkin SK, Welbel SF, Weinstein RA. Magnitude and prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11:479–496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sands KE, Bates DW, Lanken PN, et. al. Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in eight academic medical centers. JAMA 1997; 278:234–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Martin, MA. Epidemiology and clinical impact of Gram-negative sepsis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1991; 5:739–754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Occhipinti DJ, Itokazu G, Danziger LH. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract as an infection-control measure in intensive care unit patients. Pharmacotherapy 1992; 12:50S–63S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wells CL. Colonization and translocation of intestinal bacterial flora. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2653–2656

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Poxton IR, Edmond DM. Biological activity of Bacteroides lipopolysaccharide–reappraisal. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20(Suppl. 2):S149–153

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jarvis WR. The epidemiology of colonization. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 1996; 17:47–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Norrby SR. Ecological consequences of broad spectrum versus narrow spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1986; 49:189–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Deitch EA. Bacterial translocation of the gut flora. J Trauma 1990; 30:S184–S189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Svanborg C, Godaly G. Bacterial virulence in urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11:513–529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bonten MJM, Gaillard CA, de Leeuw PW, Stobberingh EE. Role of colonization of the upper intestinal tract in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24:309–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Niederman MS, Craven DE. Devising strategies for preventing nosocomial pneumonia–should we ignore the stomach? Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24:320–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McEachern R, Campbell Jr GD. Hospital-acquired pneumonia: epidemiology, etiology, and treatment. Infect Dis Clin N Amer 1998; 12:761–779

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Morrison DC, Ryan JL. Endotoxins and disease mechanisms. Annu Rev Med 1987; 38:417–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Luchi M, Morrison DC. Comparable endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides are manifest in diverse clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2301–2308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Steeghs L, den Hartog R, den Boer A, Zomer B, Roholl P, van der Ley P. Meningitis bacterium is viable without endotoxin. Nature 1998; 392:449–450

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bennett IL Jr. Approaches to the mechanism of endotoxin action. In: Landy M, Braun W (eds) Bacterial Endotoxins, Rutgers Univ Press, New Brunswick, NJ (xiii–xvi), 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Patel JC, Banker DD, Modi JC. Chloramphenicol in typhoid fever: a preliminary report of clinical trial in six cases. Brit Med J 1949; 908–909

    Google Scholar 

  23. Spink WW, Hall WH, Shaffer JM, Braude AI. Human brucellosis: its specific treatment with a combination of streptomycin and sulfadizine. JAMA 1948;136:382–387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jarisch A. Therapeutiche Veruche bei syphilis. Wien Med. Wochenschr 1895; 45:721–724

    Google Scholar 

  25. Galloway RE, Levin J, Butler T, Naff GB, Goldsmith GH, Saito H, Awoke S, Wallace CK. Activation of protein mediators of inflammation and evidence for endotoxemia in Borrelia recurrentis infection. Am J Med 1977; 63:933–938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Morrison DC, Ulevitch RJ. The effects of bacterial endotoxins on host mediation systems; A review. Am J Path 1978; 93:526–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Morrison DC, Ryan JL. Bacterial endotoxins and host immune responses. Adv Immunol 1979; 28:293–450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rietschel ET, Brade H. Bacterial endotoxins. Sci Am 1992; 267:54–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Leeson MC, Morrison DC. Induction of proinflammatory responses in human monocytes by particulate and soluble forms of LPS. Shock 1994; 2:235–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Morrison DC ed. Symposium on endotoxin/antibiotics and Gram-negative sepsis. J Endotoxin Res 1996; 3:171–279

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jackson JJ, Kropp H. Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release: important parameters dictating responses In: Brade H, Opal S, Vogel S, Morrison DC (eds) Endotoxin in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker Pub, NY p 67–75, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  32. Prins JM, van Agtmael MA, Kujiper EJ, van Deventer SJH, Speelman P. Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis: a double-blind study comparing imipenem and ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:886–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Luchi M, Morrison DC, Opal S, et al. A comparative trial of imipenem vs. ceftazidime in the release of endotoxin and cytokine generation in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis. J Endotoxin Res 2000; 6:25–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hurley JC. Bacteremia, endotoxemia, and mortality in Gram-negative sepsis. J Infect Dis 1993; 168:246–248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Remick D, Manohar P, Bolgos G, Rodrigues J, Moldawer L, Wollenberg G. Blockage of tumor necrosis factor reduces lipopolysaccharide lethality, but not lethality of cecal ligation and puncture. Shock 1995; 4:89–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Derks HHF, Bruin KF, Jongeneel CV,et al. Familial differences in endotoxin-induced TNF release in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: relationship to TNF gene polymorphism. J Endotoxin Res 1995; 2:19–26

    Google Scholar 

  37. Greisman SE, Woodward WE. Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance III. The refractory state during continuous intravenous infusions of endotoxin. J Exp Med 1965; 121:911–933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhang X, Morrison DC. Lipopolysaccharide-induced selective priming effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Exp Med 1993;177:511–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shnyra A, Brewington R, Alipio A, Amura CR, Morrison DC. Reprogramming of LPS-primed macrophages is controlled by a counterbalanced production of IL-10 and IL-12. J Immunol 1998; 160:3729–3736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lei MG, Morrison DC. Differential expression of caveolin-1 in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5084–5089

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. McCall EE, Grosso-Wilmoth LM, Lame KEA, Guzman R, Cousart SL. Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis. J Clin Invest 1993; 88:1747–1757

    Google Scholar 

  42. Li L, Cousart S, Hu J, McCall CE. Characterization of interleukin-1 recepto-associated kinase in normal and endotoxin tolerant cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:23340–23345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Braun V, Hanktke K. Biochemistry of bacterial cell envelopes. Annu Rev Biochem 1974; 43:89–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bessler WG, Resch K, Hancock E, Hantke K. Induction of lymphocyte proliferation and membrane changes by lipoprotein derivatives of the lipoprotein from the outer membrane of E. coli. Z Immunitaetsforsch 1977; 153:11–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhang H, Niesel DW, Peterson JW, Klimpel GR. Lipoprotein release by bacteria: Potential factor in bacterial pathogenesis. Infect Immun 1994; 66:5196–5201

    Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang H, Peterson JW, Niesel DW, Klimpel GR. Bacterial lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide act synergistically to induce lethal shock and proinflammatory cytokine production. J Immunol 1997; 159:4868–4878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sparwasser T, Miethke T, Lipford G, Erdman A, Hacker H, Heeg K, Wagner H. Macrophages sense pathgens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated shock. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:1671–1679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gao JJ, Zuvanich EG, Xue Q, Horn DL, Silverstein R, Morrison DC. Cutting Edge: Bacterial DNA and LPS act in synergy in inducing nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7. J Immun 1999; 163:4095–4099

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gao JJ, Xue Q, Zuvanich EG, Haghi KI, Morrison DC. Commercial preparation of lipoteichoic acid contains endotoxin that contributes to activation of mouse macrophages in vitro. Infect Immun 2001; 69:751–757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Papasian, C., Morrison, D.C. (2002). The Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Sepsis. In: Vincent, JL., Carlet, J., Opal, S.M. (eds) The Sepsis Text. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47664-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47664-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-7620-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47664-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics