Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of Mollicutes

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas

Abstract

The publication of the first complete genome sequence of a bacterium (Haemophilus influenzae) in 1995 (33) marked a turning point in the genetic analysis of cells and organisms. Before that, at the most, only subsets of the cellular gene repertoire were known and could be analyzed. Nowadays, having access to sequence data of entire genomes, much more comprehensive studies became possible aiming at the understanding of the two key processes of all living systems, reproduction and metabolism, defined as the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in a cell.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams, M.D., J.M. Kelley, J.D. Gocayne, M. Dubnick, M.H. Polymeropoulos, H. Xiao, C.R. Merril, A. Wu, B. Olde, R.F. Moreno and et al. 1991. Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science, 252:1651–1656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ang, S., C.Z. Lee, K. Peck, M. Sindici, U. Matrubutham, M.A. Gleeson and J.T. Wang. 2001. Acid-induced gene expression in Helicobacter pylori: study in genomic scale by microarray. Infect. Immun., 69:1679–1686.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Antelmann, H., C. Scharf and M. Hecker. 2000. Phosphate starvation-inducible proteins of Bacillus subtilis: proteomics and transcriptional analysis. J. Bacteriol., 182:4478–4490.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Arfin, S.M., A.D. Long, E.T. Ito, L. Tolleri, M.M. Riehle, E.S. Paegle and G.W. Hatfield. 2000. Global gene expression profiling in Escherichia coli K12. The effects of integration host factor. J. Biol. Chem., 275:29672–29684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Backert, S., E.-C. Müller, P. R. Jungblut and T. F. Meyer. 2001. Tyrosine phosphorylation patterns and size modification of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein after translocation into gastric epithelial cells. Proteomics, 1:608–617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bernhardt, J., K. Buttner, C. Scharf and M. Hecker. 1999. Dual channel imaging of two-dimensional electropherograms in Bacillus subtilh. Electrophoresis, 20:2225–2240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Blattner, F.R., G. Plunkett 3rd, C.A. Bloch, N.T. Perna, V. Burland, M. Riley, J. Collado-Vides, J.D. Glasner, C.K. Rode, G.F. Mayhew, J. Gregor, N.W. Davis, H.A. Kirkpatrick, M.A. Goeden, D.J. Rose, B. Mau and Y. Shao. 1997. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science, 277:1453–1474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bork, P., T. Dandekar, Y. Diaz-Lazcoz, F. Eisenhaber, M. Huynen and Y. Yuan. 1998. Predicting function: from genes to genomes and back. J. Mol. Biol., 283:707–2520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Braun, V. and K. Rehn. 1969. Chemical characterization, spacial distribution and function of a lipoprotein of the E. coli cell wall. Eur. J. Biochem., 10:426–438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bumann, D., T.F. Meyer and P.R. Jungblut. 2001. Proteome analysis of the common human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Proteomics, 1:473–479.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cash, P. 2000. Proteomics in medical microbiology. Electrophoresis, 21:1187–1201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chambaud, I., R. Heilig, S. Ferris, V. Barbe, D. Samson, F. Galisson, I. Moszer, K. Dybvig, H. Wroblewski, A. Viari, E.P. Rocha and A. Blanchard. 2001. The complete genome sequence of the murine respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis. Nucleic Acids Res., 29:2145–2153.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chee, M., R. Yang, E. Hubbell, A. Berno, X.C. Huang, D. Stern, J. Winkler, D.J. Lockhart, M.S. Morris and S.P. Fodor. 1996. Accessing genetic information with high-density DNA arrays. Science, 274:610–614.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cho, R.J., M. Fromont Racine, L. Wodicka, B. Feierbach, T. Stearns, P. Legrain, D.J. Lockhart and R.W. Davis. 1998. Chapaullel analysis of genetic selections using whole genome oligonucleotide arrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95:3752–3757.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Claros, M.G. and G. von Heijne. 1994. TopPred II: an improved software for membrane protein structure predictions. Comput. Appl. Biosci., 10:685–686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cohen, G., J. Deutsch, J. Fineberg and A. Levine. 1997. Covalent attachment of DNA oligonucleotides to glass. Nucleic Acids Res., 25:911–912.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cordwell, S.J., M.R. Wilkins, A. Cerpa-Poljak, A.A. Gooley, M. Duncan, K.L. Williams and I. Humphery-Smith. 1995. Cross-species identification of proteins seChapauted by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and amino acid composition. Electrophoresis, 16:438–443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cordwell, S.J., D.J. Basseal and I. Humphery-Smith. 1997. Proteome analysis of Spiroplasma melliferum (A56) and protein characterisation across species boundaries. Electrophoresis, 18:1335–1346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cox, J.M., C.L. Clayton, T. Tornita, D.M. Wallace, P.A. Robinson and J.E Crabtree. 2001. cDNA Array analysis of cag pathogenicity island-Associated Helicobacter pylori epithelial cell response genes. Infect. Immun., 69:6970–6980.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dallo, S.F. and J. Morrow. 1990. Characterization of the gene for a 30-kilodalton adhesin-related protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect. Immun., 58:4163–4165.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Danchin, A. and A. Sekowska. 2000. Expression profiling in reference bacteria: dreams and reality. Genome Biol., 1:1024.1–1024.5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dandekar, T., M. Huynen, J.T. Regula, B. Ueberle, C.U. Zimmermann, M. Andrade, T. Doerks, L. Sanchez-Pulido, B. Snel, M. Suyama, Y.P. Yuan, R. Herrmann and P. Bork. 2000. Re-annotating the Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome sequence: adding value, function and reading frames. Nucleic Acids Res., 28:3278–3288.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Devaux, F., P. Marc and C. Jacq. 2001. Transcriptomes, transcription activators and microarrays. FEBS Lett., 498:140–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dhandayuthapani, S., W. G. Rasmussen and J. B. Baseman. 1999. Disruption of gene 218 of Mycoplasma genitalium through homologous recombination leads to an adherence-deficient phenotype. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96:5227–5232.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dirksen, L.B., T. Proft, H. Hilbert, H. Piagens, R. Herrmann and D.C. Krause. 1996. Sequence analysis and characterization of the hmw gene cluster of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Gene, 171:19–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Duffy, M.F., I.D. Walker and G.F. Browning. 1997. The immunoreactive 116 kDa surface protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is encoded in an Operon. Microbiology, 143:3391–3402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dunn, M.J. (ed.). 2001. From genome to proteome. Proceedings of the fourth Siena 2D electrophoresis meeting. Electrophoresis, 22:1593–1877.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Eng, J.K., A.L. McCormack and J.R.I. Yates. 1994. An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database. J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrometry, 5:976–989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Erickson, H.P. 1995. FtsZ, a prokaryotic homolog of tubulin. Cell, 80:367–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Evers, S., K. Di Padova, M. Meyer, H. Langen, M. Fountoulakis, W. Keck and C. P. Gray. 2001. Mechanism-related changes in the gene transcription and protein synthesis patterns of Haemophilus influenzae after treatment with transcriptional and translational inhibitors. Proteomics, 1:522–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fawcett, P., P. Eichenberger, R. Losick and P. Youngman. 2000. The transcriptional profile of early to middle sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97:8063–8068.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fey, S.J., A. Nawrocki, M.R. Larsen, A. Gorg, P. Roepstorff, G.N. Skews, R. Williams and P.M. Larsen. 1997. Proteome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a methodological outline. Electrophoresis, 18:1361–1372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fleischmann, R.D., M.D. Adams, O. White, R.A. Clayton, E.F. Kirkness, A.R. Kerlavage, C.J. Bult, J.F. Tomb, B.A. Dougherty, J.M. Merrick and et al. 1995. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Science, 269:496–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fodor, S.P. 1997. Massively Chapaullel genomics. Science, 277:393–395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fodor, S.P.A., J.L. Read, M.C. Pirrung, L. Stryer, A.T. Lu and D. Solas. 1991. Light-directed, spatially addressable Chapaullel chemical synthesis. Science, 251:767–773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fountoulakis, M., B. Takacs and H. Langen. 1998. Two-dimensional map of basic proteins of Haemophilus influenzae. Electrophoresis, 19:761–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Fraser, C.M., J.D. Gocayne, O. White, M.D. Adams, R.A. Clayton, R.D. Fleischmann, C.J. Bult, A.R. Kerlavage, G. Sutton, J.M. Kelley and et al. 1995. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science, 270:397–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Göbel, U., V. Speth and W. Bredt. 1981. Filamentous structures in adherent Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells treated with nonionic detergents. J. Cell. Biol, 91:537–543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Göhlmann, H.W., C.U. Zimmermann, J. Weiner 3rd and R. Herrmann. 2002. Transcription profiles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at different temperatures. Submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Göhlmann, H. W. H., J. Weiner 3rd, A. Schön and R. Herrmann. 2000. Identification of a Small RNA within the pdh Gene Cluster of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. J. Bacteriol., 182:3281–3284.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Görg, A., C. Obermaier, G. Boguth, A. Harder, B. Scheibe, R. Wildgruber and W. Weiss. 2000. The current state of two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Electrophoresis, 21:1037–1053.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Glass, J.L., E.J. Lefkowitz, J.S. Glass, C.R. Heiner, E.Y. Chen and G.H. Cassel. 1998. The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nature, 407:757–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Grunenfelder, B., G. Rummel, J. Vohradsky, D. Roder, H. Langen and U. Jenal. 2001. Proteomic analysis of the bacterial cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98:4681–4686.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gygi, S.P., Y. Rochon, B.R. Franza and R. Aebersold. 1999. Correlation between protein and mRNA abundance in yeast. Mol. Cell Biol., 19:1720–1730.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hauser, N.C., M. Vingron, M. Scheideier, B. Krems, K. Hellmuth, K.D. Entian and J.D. Hoheisel. 1998. Transcriptional profiling on all open reading frames of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 14:1209–1221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hecker, M., W. Schumann and U. Volker. 1996. Heat-shock and general stress response in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Microbiol., 19:417–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Herrmann, R. and B. Reiner. 1998. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium: a comparison of two closely related bacterial species. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 1:572–579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hertz, G.Z. and G.D. Stormo. 1999. Identifying DNA and protein patterns with statistically significant alignments of multiple sequences. Bioinformatics, 15:563–577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Himmelreich, R., H. Plagens, H. Hilbert, B. Reiner and R. Herrmann. 1997. ComChapautive analysis of the genomes of the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. Nucleic Acids Res., 25:701–712.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Himmelreich, R., H. Hilbert, H. Plagens, E. Pirkl, B.C. Li and R. Herrmann. 1996. Complete sequence analysis of the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic A cids Res., 24:4420–4449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hutchison, C., S. Peterson, S. Gill, R. Cline, O. White, C. Fraser, H. Smith and J. Venter. 1999. Global transposon mutagenesis and a minimal Mycoplasma genome. Science, 286:2165–2169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Huynen, M., B. Snel, W. Lathe 3rd and P. Bork. 2000. Predicting protein function by genomic context: quantitative evaluation and qualitative inferences. Genome Res., 10: 1204–10.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hyman, H.C., R. Gafny, G. Glaser and S. Razin. 1988. Promoter of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae rRNA Operon. J. Bacteriol., 170:3262–3268.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ideker, T., V. Thorsson, J.A. Ranish, R. Christmas, J. Buhler, J.K. Eng, R. Bumgarner, D.R. Goodlett, R. Aebersold and L. Hood. 2001. Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses of a systematically perturbed metabolic network. Science, 292:929–934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Inamine, J.M., S. Loechel and P.C. Hu. 1988. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the Pl Operon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Gene, 73:175–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. James, P., M. Quadroni, E. Carafoli and G. Gonnet. 1994. Protein identification in DNA databases by peptide mass fingerprinting. Protein Sci., 3:1347–1350.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Jungblut, P., B. Thiede, U. Zimny-Arndt, E.-C. Müller, C. Scheler, B. Wittmann-Lieb and A. Otto. 1996. Resolution power of two-dimensional electrophoresis and identification of proteins from gels. Electrophoresis, 17:839–847.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Koonin, E.V., R.L. Tatusov and M.Y. Galperin. 1998. Beyond complete genomes: from sequence to structure and function. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 8:355–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Krause, D.C. 1996. Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadherence: unraveling the tie that binds. Mol. Microbiol., 20:247–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Krause, D. and M. Balish. 2001. Structure, function, and assembly of the terminal organelle of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 198:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kunst, F., N. Ogasawara, I. Moszer, A.M. Albertini, G. Alloni, V. Azevedo, M.G. Bertero, P. Bessieres, A. Bolotin, S. Borchert, R. Borriss, L. Boursier, A. Brans, M. Braun, S.C. Brignell, S. Bron, S. Brouillet, C.V. Bruschi, B. Caldwell, V. Capuano, N.M. Carter, S.K. Choi, J.J. Codani, I.F. Connerton, A. Danchin and et al. 1997. The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Nature, 390:249–256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Langen, H., B. Takacs, S. Evers, P. Berndt, H.W. Lahm, B. Wipf, C. Gray and M. Fountoulakis. 2000. Two-dimensional map of the proteome of Haemophilus influenzae. Electrophoresis, 21:411–429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lockhart, D.J., H. Dong, M.C. Byrne, M.T. Follettie, M.V. Gallo, M.S. Chee, M. Mittmann, C. Wang, M. Kobayashi, H. Horton and E.L. Brown. 1996. Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Biotechnol., 14: 1675–1680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lupas, A. 1996. Coiled coils: new structures and new functions. Trends Biochem. Sci., 21:375–382.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mann, M. and M. Wilm. 1995. Electrospray mass spectrometry for protein characterization. Trends Biochem. Sci., 20:219–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Meng, K.E. and R.M. Pfister. 1980. Intracellular structures of Mycoplasma pneumoniae revealed after membrane removal. J. Bacteriol., 144:390–399.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Okubo, K., N. Hori, R. Matoba, T. Niiyama, A. Fukushima, Y. Kojima and K. Matsubara. 1992. Large scale cDNA sequencing for analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression. Nat Genet, 2:173–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pasquier, C., V.J. Promponas, G.A. Palaios, J.S. Hamodrakas and S.J. Hamodrakas. 1999. A novel method for predicting transmembrane segments in proteins based on a statistical analysis of the SwissProt database: the PRED-TMR algorithm. Protein Eng., 12:381–385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Pease, A.C., D. Solas, E.J. Sullivan, M.T. Cronin, C.P. Holmes and S.P.A. Fodor. 1994. Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91:5022–5026.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Proft, T., H. Hilbert, H. Plagens and R. Herrmann. 1996. The P200 protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae shows common features with the cytadherence-associated proteins HMW1 and HMW3. Gene, 171:79–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Pyrowolakis, G., D. Hofmann and R. Herrmann. 1998. The subunit b of the F0F1-type ATPase of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a lipoprotein. J. Biol. Chem., 273:24792–24796.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ramsay, G. 1998. DNA chips: state-of-the art. Nat Biotechnol., 16:40–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Razin, S., D. Yogev and Y. Naot. 1998. Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 62:1094–1156.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Regula, J.T., G. Boguth, A. Gorg, J. Hegermann, F. Mayer, R. Frank and R. Herrmann. 2001. Defining the mycoplasma “cytoskeleton”: the protein composition of the Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Microbiology, 147:1045–1057.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Regula, J.T., B. Ueberle, G. Boguth, A. Görg, M. Schnòlzer, R. Herrmann and R. Frank. 2000. Towards a Proteome Map of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Electrophoresis, 21:3765–3780.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Riley, M. 1993. Functions of the gene products of Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Rev., 57:862–952.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rimini, R., B. Jansson, G. Feger, T.C. Roberts, M. de Francesco, A. Gozzi, F. Faggioni, E. Domenici, D.M. Wallace, N. Frandsen and A. Polissi. 2000. Global analysis of transcription kinetics during competence development in Streptococcus pneumoniae using high density DNA arrays. Mol. Microbiol., 36:1279–1292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Santoni, V., M. Molloy and T. Rabilloud. 2000. Membrane proteins and proteomics: un amour impossible. Electrophoresis, 21:1054–1070.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Sekowska, A., S. Robin, J-J. Daudin, A Hénaut and A. Danchin. 2001. Extracting biological informaiton from DNA arrays: an unexpected link betwen arginine and methionine metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. Genome Biol., 2 (6):0019.1–0019.12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Seto, S., S. Murata and M. Miyata. 1997. Characterization of dnaA gene expression in Mycoplasma capricolum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 150:239–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Shevchenko, A., O.N. Jensen, A.V. Podtelejnikov, F. Sagliocco, M. Wilm, O. Vorm, P. Mortensen, H. Boucherie and M. Mann. 1996. Linking genome and proteome by mass spectrometry: large-scale identification of yeast proteins from two dimensional gels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93:14440–14445.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Siuzdak, G. 1994. The emergence of mass spectrometry in biochemical research. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91:11290–11297.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Sperker, B., P. Hu and R. Herrmann. 1991. Identification of gene products of the Pl Operon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mol. Microbiol., 5:299–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Su, C.J., V.V. Tryon and J.B. Baseman. 1987. Cloning and sequence analysis of cytadhesin Pl gene from Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect. Immun., 55:3023–3029.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Teichmann, S.A., A.G. Murzin and C. Chothia. 2001. Determination of protein function, evolution and interactions by structural genomics. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 11:354–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Thornton, J.M. 2001. From genome to function. Science, 292:2095–2097.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Trachtenberg, S. 1998. Mollicutes-wall-less bacteria with internal cytoskeletons. J. Struct. Biol, 124:244–256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Ueberle, B., R. Frank and R. Herrmann. 2002. The Proteome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae: comparing predicted open reading frames to identify gene products. Proteomics. Accepted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  89. VanBogelen, R.A., E.E. Schüler, J.D. Thomas and F.C. Neidhardt. 1999. Diagnosis of cellular states of microbial organisms using proteomics. Electrophoresis, 20:2149–2159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Velculescu, V.E., L. Zhang, W. Zhou, J. Vogelstein, M.A. Basrai, D.E. Bassett, Hieter Jr., B. Vogelstein and K.W. Kinzler. 1997. Characterization of the yeast transcriptome. Cell, 88:243–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Velculescu, V.E., L. Zhang, B. Vogelstein and K.W. Kinzler. 1995. Serial analysis of gene expression. Science, 270:484–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Waldo, R.H. 3rd, P.L. Popham, C.E. Romero-Arroyo, E.A. Mothershed, K.K. Lee and D.C. Krause. 1999. Transcriptional analysis of the hmw gene cluster of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol., 181:4978–4985.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Washburn, M.P. and J.R. Yates 3rd. 2000. Analysis of the microbial proteome. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 3:292–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Wasinger, V.C., S.J. Cordwell, A. Cerpa-Poljak, J.X. Yan, A.A. Gooley, M.R. Wilkins, M.W. Duncan, R. Harris, K.L. Williams and I. Humphery-Smith. 1995. Progress with gene-product mapping of the Mollicutes: Mycoplasma genitalium. Electrophoresis, 16:1090–1094.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Wasinger, V.C., J.D. Pollack and I. Humphery-Smith. 2000. The proteome of Mycoplasma genitalium. Chaps-soluble component. Eur. J. Biochem., 267:1571–1582.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Weiner, J. 3rd, R. Herrmann and G. F. Browning. 2000. Transcription in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic Acids Res., 28:4488–4496.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Wilm, M. 2000. Mass spectrometric analysis of proteins. Adv. Protein. Chem., 54:1–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wilm, M., A. Shevchenko, T. Houthaeve, S. Breit, L. Schweigerer, T. Fotsis and M. Mann. 1996. Femtomole sequencing of proteins from Polyacrylamide gels by nano-electrospray mass spectrometry. Nature, 379:466–469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ye, R.W., W. Tao, L. Bedzyk, T. Young, M. Chen and L. Li. 2000. Global gene expression profiles of Bacillus subtilis grown under anaerobic conditions. J. Bacteriol., 182: 4458–4465.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg, ZMBH, Universität Heidelberg, Im NeuenheimerFeld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    January Weiner 3rd, Carl-Ulrich Zimmermann, Barbara Ueberle & Richard Herrmann

Authors
  1. January Weiner 3rd
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carl-Ulrich Zimmermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Barbara Ueberle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Richard Herrmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

    Shmuel Razin

  2. University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Richard Herrmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weiner, J., Zimmermann, CU., Ueberle, B., Herrmann, R. (2002). Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of Mollicutes. In: Razin, S., Herrmann, R. (eds) Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47606-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47606-1_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-8232-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47606-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation