This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, B. (1974a). Ancient Hierakonpolis, Aris and Phillips Ltd, Wanninster.
Adams, B. (1974b). Ancient Hierakonpolis, Supplement, Aris and Phillips Ltd, Warminster.
Adams, B. (1988). Predynastic Egypt, Shire Egyptology 7, Aylesbury.
Adams, B. (1995). Bull’s Head. In Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent, Royal Academy of Arts, London, p. 63.
Adams, B. (1996). Elite tombs at Hierakonpolis. In Spencer, A.J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt, British Museum Press, London, pp. 1–15.
Adams, B. (2000). Excavations in the Locality 6 Cemetery at Hierakonpolis 1979–1985, Egyptian Studies Association Publication no. 4, British Archaeological Reports Internatinal Series 903, Ardiaeopress, Oxford.
Amélineau, E. (1899). Les Nouvelles Fouilles d’Abydos (1895–1896), Ernest Leroux, Paris.
Amaineau, E. (1904). Les Nouvelles Fouilles d’Abydos III, (1897–1898), Ernest Leroux, Paris.
Andelkovic, B. (1995). The Relations Between Early Bronze Age I Canaanites and Upper Egyptians, Centre for Archaeological Research, Belgrade.
Ayrton, E.R., and Loat, W.L.S. (1911). Pre-dynastic Cemetery at El-Mahasna, Egypt Exploration Fund 31, London.
Baines, J. (1995). Origins of Egyptian kingship. In O’Connor, D., and Silverman, D.P. (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Kingship. Probleme der Ägyptologie, Bd. 9, E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 95–156.
Baumgartel, E.J. (1955). The Cultures ofPrehistoric Egypt I, Oxford University Press, London.
Baumgartel, E.J. (1960). The Cultures ofPrehistoric Egypt II, Oxford University Press, London.
Baumgartel, E.J. (1970). Petrie’s Naqada Excavation: A Supplement, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Boessneck, J. (1988). Die Tierwelt des Alten Ägypten, Verlag C. H. Beck, München.
Boessneck, J., and von den Driesch, A. (1997). Tierknochenfunde. In von der Way, T., Tell el-Fara’în-Buto I. Ergebnisse zum frühen Kontext. Kampagnen der Jahre 1983–1989, AV 83, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, pp. 206–216.
Boessneck, J., von den Driesch, A., and Ziegler, R. (1989). Die tierreste von Maadi und dem Friedhof am Wadi Digla. In Rizkana, I., and Seeher, J., Maadi III The Non-Lithic Small Finds and the Structural Remains of the Predynastic Settlement, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 87–128.
Bonnet, C. (1997). Le groupe A et le pré-Kerma. In Wildung, D. (ed.), Soudan, Royaumes sur le Nil, Flammarion, Paris, pp. 36–47.
Brunton, G. (1927). Qau and Badari I, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 44, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Brunton, G. (1937). Mostagedda and the Tasian Culture, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Brunton, G. (1948). Matmar, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Brunton, G., and Caton-Thompson, G. (1928). The Badarian Civilisation and Prehistoric Remains near Badari, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 46. London.
Burgess, E.M., and Arkell, A.J. (1958). The reconstruction of the Hathor Bowl. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 44:6–11.
Capart, J. (1904). Débuts de l’Art en Egypte, Vromant and Co., Brussels.
Capart, J. (1905). Primitive Art in Egypt, Grevel, London.
Chantre, E. (1907). La necropole memphite de Khozan (Haute Egypte) et l’origine des Egyptiens. Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie de Lyon 26:229–246.
Charron, A. (1990). L’époque thinite. In L’Egypte des Millénaires Obscurs, Hatier et Musées de Marseille, Paris, pp. 77–98.
Churcher, C.S. (1984). Zoological study of the ivory knife handle from Abu Zaidan. In Needier, W., Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, pp. 152–169.
Cialowicz, K.M. (1987). Les têtes de massues des périodes prédynastique et archaïque dans la vallée du Nil. Prace Archeologiczne 41:7–68.
Cialowicz, K.M. (1991). Les Palettes Égyptiennes aux Motifs Zoomorphes et sans Décoration. Etudes de l’Art Prédynastique, Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 3, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow.
Cialowicz, K.M. (1992). La composition, le sens et la symbolique des scènes zoomorphes prédynastiques en relief. Les manches de couteaux. In Friedman, R., and Adams, B. (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman 1944–1990, Egyptian Studies Association Publication 2, Oxbow Monograph 20, Oxford, pp. 247–258.
Cialowicz, K.M. (1997). Remarques sur la tête de massue du roi Scorpion. In Sliwa, J. (ed.), Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 8, Prace Archeologiczne 59:11–27.
Cleyet-Merle, J.-J., and Vallet, F. (1982). Egypte. In Beck, P., Cleyet-Merle, J.J., Duval, A., Mohen, J.-P., and Vallet, P., Archéologie Comparée. Afrique, Europe Occidentale et Orientale. Catalogue Sommaire Illustré des Collections du Musée des Antiquités Nationales de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 1, Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris, pp. 68–165.
Close, A.E. (1996). Carry that weight: The use and transportation of stone tools. Current Anthropology 37: 545–553.
Darnell, J.C., and Darnell, D. (1995–1996). The Theban Desert Road Survey (The Luxor-Farshut Desert Road Survey), The Oriental Institute 1995–1996 Annual Report, The Oriental Institute, Chicago, pp. 62–70.
Darnell, J.C., and Darnell, D. (1997). Exploring the ‘narrow doors’Theban Desert. Egyptian Archaeology 10: 24–26.
Davis, W.M. (1983). Artists and patrons in Predynastic and early Dynastic Egypt. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 10: 119–139.
Davis, W.M. (1992). Masking the Blow. The Scene of Representation in Late Prehistoric Egyptian Art, University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles
de Morgan, J. (1896). Recherches sur les Origines de l’Egypte. I L’age de la Pierre et des Métaux, Ernest Leroux, Paris
de Morgan, J. (1897). Recherches sur les Origines de I’Egypte II. Ethnographie Préhistorique et Tombeau Royal de Negadah, Ernest Leroux, Paris.
Dreyer, G. (1986). Elephantine VIII. Der Tempel der Satet. Die Funde der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches, AV 39, Philip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Dreyer, G. (1993). Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof. 5./6. Vorbericht. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 49: 23–62.
Dreyer, G. (1995). Die Datierung der Min-Statuen aus Koptos. In Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Kairo, Kunst des Alten Reiches Symposium im Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo am 29. und 30. Oktober 1991, Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo Sonderschrift 28, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 49–56.
Dreyer, G. (1998a). Umm el-Qaab I. Das Prädynastische Königsgrab U-j und seine frühen Schriftzeugnisse, AV 86, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Dreyer, G. (1998b). Grab des Dewen. In Dreyer, G., Hartung, U., Hikade, T., Köhler, E.G., Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof 9./10. Vorbericht. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 54: 141–164.
Drouot-Richelieu. (1996). Collection Jean-Marie Talleux, Antiques, Mercredi 6–Jeudi 7 décembre 1996, Paris.
Eisenberg, J.M. (1995). Art of the Ancient World, Royal-Athena Galleries nℴ 71, January 1995, New York.
Eiwanger, J. (1984). Merimde-Benisaldme I. Die Funde der Urschicht, AV 47, Philip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Eiwanger, J. (1988). Merimde-Benisalame II. Die Funde der Mittleren Merimdekultur, AV 51, Philip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Eiwanger, J. (1992). Merimde-Benisalâme III. Die Funde der Jüngeren Merimdekultur, AV 59, Philip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
el Yahky, F. (1985). Clarifications on the Gerzean Boat Scenes. Bulletin de l’Institute Française d’Arch éologie Orientale 85:187–195.
Emery, W.B. (1938). The Tomb of Hemaka, Excavations at Saqqara, Government Press, Cairo.
Emery, W.B. (1939). Hor-Aha. Excavations at Saqqara 1937–1938, Government Press, Cairo.
Emery, W.B. (1949). Great Tombs of the First Dynasty I. Excavations at Saqqara, Government Press, Cairo.
Emery, W.B. (1954). Great Tombs of the First Dynasty II. Excavations at Sakkara, Egypt Exploration Society 46, London.
Emery, W.B. (1958). Great Tombs of the First Dynasty III. Excavations at Sakkara, Egypt Exploration Society 47, London.
Emery, W.B. (1961). Archaic Egypt, Harmondsworth, England.
Firth, CM. (1912). The Archaeological Survey of Nubia: Report for 1908–1909, Government Press, Cairo.
Firth, C.M. (1915). The Archaeological Survey of Nubia: Report for 1909–1910, Government Press, Cairo.
Fischer, H.G. (1962). The cult and the nome of the Goddess Bat. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 1: 7–24.
Fischer, H.G. (1975). Bat. Lexicon der Ägyptologie 1: col. 630–632.
Forrer, R. (1901). Ueber Steinzeit Hockergrüber zu Achmim, Naqada etc. in Ober Ägypten und Über Europaïsche Parallelfunde, Achmim Studien 1, Verlag Karl J. Trübner, Strasbourg.
Friedman, R.F. (1995). Decorated ostrich egg. In Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent, Royal Academy of Arts, London, pp. 52, 54–58, 60–62, 64–65.
Friedman, R.F. (1996). The ceremonial centre at Hierakonpolis locality HK 29A. In Spencer, A.J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt, British Museum Press, London, pp. 16–35.
Friedman, R.F., and Adams, B. (eds.) (1992). The Followers of Horus. Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman 1944–1990, Egyptian Studies Association Publication 2, Oxbow Monograph 20, Oxford.
Friedman, R.F., and Hendrickx, S. (in press). A Protodynastic tableau at Gebel Tjauti. In, Darnell, J.C., and Darnell, D. (eds.), Theban Desert Road Survey, Volume I, The Rock Inscriptions of Gebel Tjauti in the Theban Western Desert, The Oriental Institute, Chicago.
Garslang, J. (1903). Mahâsna and Bêt Khallaf, Egyptian Research Account 7, London.
Garstang, J. (1905). The So-called Tomb of Mena at Negadeh in Upper Egypt. British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of the 74th Meeting, Cambridge, 1904, London, pp. 711–712.
Gautier, A. (1984). Archaeozoology of the Bir Kiseiba region, Eastern Sahara. In Wendorf, F., and Schild, R. (ass.), Close, A.E. (ed.), Cattle-Keepers of the Eastern Sahara: The Neolithic of Bir Kiseiba. Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, pp. 49–72.
Gautier, P., and Midant-Reynes, B. (1995). La tête de massue du roi Scorpion. Archéo-Nil 5: 87–127.
Gophna, R. (1980). Excavations at’ En Besor, 1976. Atiqot 14: 9–16.
Grigson, C. (1991). An African origin for African cattle? Some archaeological evidence. African Archaeological Review 9: 119–144.
Hartung, U., and Friedhof U. (1998). In Dreyer, G., Hartung, U., Hikade, T., Köhler, E.C., Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof 9./10. Vorbericht. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 54:79–100.
Hassan, F.A. (1992). Primeval goddess to divine king. The mythogenesis of power in the early Egyptian state. In Friedman, R., and Adams, B. (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, Egyptian Studies Association Publication 2, Oxbow Monograph 20, Oxford, pp. 307–322.
Haynes, J.L. (1996). Redating the Bat capital in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. In der Manuelian, P. (ed.), Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson, vol. I., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, pp. 399–408.
Hendrickx, S. (1986). Predynastische objecten uit Naqada en Diospolis Parva (Boven Egypte). Bulletin des Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire 57(2): 31–44.
Hendrickx, S. (1989). De Grafvelden der Naqada-cultuur in Zuid-Egypte, met Bijzondere Aandacht voor het Naqada III Grafveld te Elkab. Interne Chronologie en Sociale Differentiatie, Ph.D. dissertation, Leuven. [unpublished]
Hendrickx, S. (1994). Antiquités Préhistoriques et Protodynastiques d’Egypte, Guides du Département Égyptien 8, Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire, Bruxelles.
Hendrickx, S. (1995). Vase decorated with Victory Scene. In Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent, Royal Academy of Arts, London, pp. 59–60.
Hendrickx, S. (1996). The relative chronology of the Naqada culture: problems and possibilities. In Spencer, A.J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt, British Museum Press, London, pp. 36–69.
Hendrickx, S. (1999). Peaux d’animaux comme symboles prédynastiques. A propos de quelques représentations sur les vases White Cross-lined. Chronique d’Egypte 74: 203–230.
Hendrickx, S. (2000). Autruches et flamants-les oiseaux représentés sur la céramique prédynastique de la catégorie Decorated. Cahiers Caribéens d’Egyptologie 1: 21–52.
Hoffman, M.A. (1989). A stratified Predynastic sequence from Hierakonpolis (Upper Egypt). In Krzyzaniak, L., and Kobusiewicz, M. (eds.), Late Prehistory of the Nile Basin and the Sahara, Poznan Archaeological Museum, Poznan, pp. 317–323.
Hoffman, M.A., Lupton, C., and Adams, B. (1982). Excavations at Locality 6. In Hoffman, M.A., The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis. An Interim Report, Macomb, Illinois, pp. 38–61.
Huyge, D. (1995). De Rotstekeningen van Elkab (Boven-Egypte): Registratie, Seriatie en Interpretatie, Ph.D. dissertation, Leuven. [unpublished]
Huyge, D. (2001). Cosmology, ideology, and personal religious practice in ancient Egyptian rock art. In Friedman, R. F. (ed.), Egypt an dNubia: Gifts of the Desert, British Museum Press, London.
Jéquier, G. (1918). La queue de taureau insigne des rois d’Egypte. Bulletin de Franccuise d’Archéologie Orientale 15: 165–168.
Junge, F. (1990). Versuch zu einer ästhetik der ägyptischen kunst. In Eaton-Krauss, M., and Graefe, E. (eds.), Studien zur ägyptischen Kunstgeschichte, Hildesheimer Ägyptologische Beiträge 29, Hildesheim, pp. 1–38.
Junker, H. (1912). Bericht Über die Grabungen der Kaiserlichen Akadamie der Wissenschaften in Wien, auf dem Friedhof in Turah. Winter 1909–1910, Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 56, Wien.
Kahl, J. (1994). Das System der Ägyptischen Hieroglyphenschrift in der 0.-3. Dynastie, Göttinger Orientforschungen, IV, Reihe Ägypten, Band 29, Wiesbaden.
Kahl, J. and Engel, E.-M. (2001). Vergraben, verbrannt, verkannt und vergessen. In Funde aus dem “Menesgrab”, Münster.
Kemp, B.J. (1989). Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization, Routledge, London.
Klasens, A. (1958). The excavations of the Leiden Museum of Antiquities at Abu-Roash: Report of the first season 1957. Part II. Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 39: 20–31.
Klasens, A. (1959). The excavations of the Leiden Museum of Antiquities at Abu-Roash: Report of the second season 1958. Part II. Cemetery 400. Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 40:41–61.
Köhler, E.C. (1998). Frühe keramik. In Dreyer, G., Hartung, U., Hikade, T., Köhler, E.C., Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof 9./10. Vorbericht. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 54: 100–115.
Kroeper, K., and Wildung, D. (1985). Minshat Abu Omar. Münchner Ostdelta-Expedition. Vorbericht 1978–1984, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung 3, Munich.
Kroeper, K., and Wildung, D. (2000). Minshat Abu Omar II, Ein vor-und Frühgeschichtlicher Friedhof im Nildelta, Gräber, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, pp. 115–204.
Logan, T.J. (1990). The Origins of the Jmy-wt Fetish. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27: 61–69.
Lythgoe, A.M., and Dunham, D. (1965). The Predynastic Cemetery N7000. Naqa-ed-Dêr, Part IV, University of California Publications, Egyptian Archaeology 7, Berkeley / Los Angeles.
Mclver, R.D., and Mace, A.C. (1902). El Amrah and Abydos. 1899–1901, Egypt Exploration Fund 23, London.
McKim Malville, J., Wendorf, F; Mazar, A.A., and Schild, R. (1998). Megaliths and Neolithic astronomy in southern Egypt. Nature 392: 488–491.
Midant-Reynes, B. (1987). Contribution àl’etude de lo société prédynastique: le cas du couteau ‘ripple-flake’. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 14:185–224.
Midant-Reynes, B. (1992). Préhistoire de l’Egypte. Des Premiers Hommes aux Premiers Pharaons. Armand Colin, Paris.
Mond, R.L., and Myers, O.H. (1937). Cemeteries of Armant I, Egypt Exploration Society 42, London.
Müller, H.W. (1964). Ägyptische Kunstwerke, Kleinfunde und Glas in der Sammlung E. und M. Kofler-Truniger, Luzern, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 5, München.
Needler, W. (1984). Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in The Brooklyn Museum, Wilbour Monographs 9, Brooklyn.
Newberry, P.E. (1913). List of vases with cult-signs. Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 5: 137–142.
Nordström, H.A. (1972). Neolithic and A-Group Sites. Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia 3, Scandinavian University Books, Stockholm.
Onasch, A., and Steinmann, F. (1997). Die frühdynastische zeit. um 2960−2640 v. Chr. In Krauspe, R. (ed.), Das Ägyptische Museum der Universität Leipzig, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, pp. 22–25.
Osborn, D.J., and Osbornova, J. (1998). The Mammals of Ancient Egypt, Aris and Phillips, Warminster.
Otto, B. (1986). Der narrative und der hierographische stil im frühen Ägypten und im Zweistromenland. In Actes du Congrès’ symmetrie’, Darmstadt, pp. 137–149.
Page-Gasser, M., and Wiese, A.B. (eds.) (1997). Ägypten. Augenblicke der Ewigkeit. Unbekannte Schätze aus Schweizer Privatbesitz, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz.
Payne, J.C. (1993). Catalogue of the Predynastic Egyptian Collection in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1896). Naqada and Ballas, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1900). The Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty, Part I, Egypt Exploration Fund 18, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1901). The Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties, Part II, Egypt Exploration Fund 21, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1902). Abydos, Part I, 1902, Egypt Exploration Fund 22, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1903). Abydos, Part II, 1903, Egypt Exploration Fund 24, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1913). Tarkhan I and Memphis V, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 23, London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1914). Amulets, Constable, London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1920). Prehistoric Egypt, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 31, London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1921). Corpus of Prehistoric Pottery and Palettes, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 32, London.
Petrie, W.M.F. (1925). Tombs of the Courtiers and Oxyrhynkhos, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 37, London.
Petrie, W.M.F., and Mace, A.C. (1901). Diospolis Parva. The Cemeteries of Abadiyeh and Hu. 1898–1899, Egypt Exploration Fund 20, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., London.
Petrie, W.M.F., Wainwright, G.A., and Mackay, E. (1912). The Labyrinth, Gerzeh and Mazguneh, British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 21, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Price, F.G.H. (1897). A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the Possession of F.G. Hilton Price, Bernard Quaritch, London.
Price, F.G.H. (1900). Some ivories from Abydos. Proceedings ofthe Society of Biblical Archaeology 22:160–161.
Priese, K.-H. (ed.) (1991). ÄgyptischeMuseum. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussamlung, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Quibell, J.E. (1905). Catalogue Général des Antiqués Egyptiennes. nos. 11.001–12.000 et 14.001–14.754. Archaic Objects, Government Press, Cairo.
Quibell, J.E., and Green, F.W. (1902). Hierakonpolis II, Egyptian Research Account 5, London.
Quibell, J.E., and Petrie, W.M.F. (1900). Hierakonpolis I, Egyptian Research Account 4, London.
Regner, C. (1996). Schminkpaletten, Bonner Sammlung von Aegyptiaca 2, Wiesbaden.
Reisner, G.A. (1908). The Early Dynastic Cemeteries at Naqa-ed-Dêr, Part I, University of California Publications, Egyptian Archaeology 2, Leipzig.
Reisner, G.A. (1910). The Archaeological Survey of Nubia. Report for 1907–1908, Vol. I, Archaeological Report, National Printing Department, Cairo.
Rizkana, I., and Seeher, J. (1989). Maadi III. The Non-Lithic Small Finds and the Structural Remains of the Predynastic Settlement, AV 80, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Saad, Z.Y. (1951). Royal Excavations at Helwan (1945–1947), Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Egypte, supplément cahier 14, Cairo.
Saad, Z.Y. (1969). The Excavations at Helwan: Art and Civilization in the First and Second Egyptian Dynasties, University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma.
Saleh, M., and Sourouzian, H. (1986). Die Hauptwerke im Ägyptischen Museum Kairo, Verlag Philip von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Schäfer, H. (1896). Neue altertümer der ‘new race’ aus Negadeh. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 3: 158–161.
Scharff, A. (1926). Das Vorgeschichtliche Gräberfeld von Abusir el-Meleq, Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungder Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft 49, Leipzig.
Scharff, A. (1929). Die Altertümer der Vor-und Frühzeit Ägyptens. II. Bestattung, Kunst, Amulette und Schmuck, Geräte zur Körperpflege, Spiel-und Schreibgeräte, Schnitzereien aus Holz und Elfenbei, Verschiedenes, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Mitteilungen aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung 5, Berlin.
Scharff, A. (1931). Die Altertümer der Vor-und Frühzeit Ägyptens. I. Werkzeuge, Waffen, Gefässe, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Mitteilungen aus der ägyptischen Sammlung 4, Berlin.
Schlögl, H. (ed.), (1978). Geschenk des Nils. Ägyptische Kunstwerke aus Schweizer Besitz, Schweizerischer Bankverein, Basel.
Schott, S. (1951). Hieroglyphen: Untersuchungen van Ursprung der Schrift, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissen-schaften in Mainz 24, Mainz.
Smith, A.L. (1993). Identification d’un potier prédynastique. Archéo-Nil 3: 23–33.
Smith, W.S. (1960). Ancient Egypt as Represented in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Sowada, K.N. (1999). Black-topped ware in early Dynastic contexts. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85: 85–102.
Spencer, A.J. (1980). Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum. V. Early Dynastic Objects, British Museum Publications, London.
Staehelin, E. (1982). Ornat. In Helck, W., and Westendorf, W., Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Band V. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, cols. 613–618.
Stager, L.E. (1992). The periodization of Palestine from Neolithic through early Bronze times. In Enrich, R. (ed.), Chronologies in Old World Archaeology, 3rd revised edition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 22–41.
Stanton, E.B., and Hoffman, M.A. (1988). Description of the exhibition artifacts. In Hoffman, M.A., Willoughby, K.L., and Stanton, E.B. (eds.), The First Egyptians, University of South Carolina, Columbia, pp. 59–112.
Störk, L. (1984). Rind. In Helck, W., and Westendorf, W., Lexikon der Ägyptologie, Band V. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, cols. 257–263.
Tupinier, D. (1984). Plaque à fard de l’Egypte prédynastique representant une chauve-souris. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 9: 296–299.
Ucko, P.J. (1968). Anthropomorphic Figures of Predynastic Egypt and Neolithic Crete with Comparative Material from the Prehistoric Near East and Mainland Greece, Royal Anthropological Institute, Occasional Papers 24, London.
Vandier, J. (1952). Manuel d’Archéologie Égyptienne. I. Les Époques de Formation, A. Jean Piccard, Paris.
Van Lepp, J. (1999). The misidentification of the Predynastic bull’s head amulet. Göttinger Miszellen 168: 101–111.
Vassilika, E. (1995a). Egyptian Art, Fitzwilliam Museum Handbooks, Cambridge.
Vassilika, E. (1995b). Bull’s head. In Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent, Royal Academy of Arts, London, p. 63.
von den Driesch, A., and Boessneck, J. (1985). Die Tierknochenfunde aus der neolithischen Siedlung von Merimde-Beni Salâme am Westlichen Nildelta, Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Gestichte der Tiermedizin, Munich
von der Way, T. (1997). Tell el-Fara’în-Buto I. Ergebnisse zum Frühen Kontext. Kampagnen der Jahre 1983–1989, AV 83, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz.
Weigall, A.E.P. (1907). A report on some objects recently found in Sebakh and other diggings. Prehistoric drawing from Maala. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Egypte 8: 49–50.
Welsby, D.A. (1995). Female figurine. In Phillips, T. (ed.), Africa. The Art of a Continent, Royal Academy of Arts, London, pp. 104–105.
Wendorf, F. (1968). Late Paleolithic sites in Egyptian Nubia. In Wendorf, F. (ed.), The Prehistory of Nubia, vol. II, Fort Burgwin Research Centre and Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, pp. 791–953.
Wendorf, F., and Schild, R. (1995). Are the Early Holocene cattle in the Eastern Sahara domestic or wild? Journal of Evolutionary Anthropology 3: 118–128.
Wildung, D. (1981). Ägypten vor den Pyramiden, Münchner Ausgrabungen in Ägypten, Mainz am Rhein.
Wildung, D. (1984). Zur formgeschichte der landeskronen. In Studien zur Sprache und Religion Ägyptens. Band 2: Religion, Fs. Westendorf. Göttingen, pp. 967–980.
Wildung, D. (ed.) (1997). Soudan, Royaumes sur le Nil, Flammarion, Paris.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hendrickx, S. (2002). Bovines in Egyptian Predynastic and Early Dynastic Iconography. In: Hassan, F.A. (eds) Droughts, Food and Culture. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47547-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47547-2_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46755-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47547-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive