Skip to main content

Gender and Mathematics: Mythology and Misogyny

  • Chapter
Towards Gender Equity in Mathematics Education

Part of the book series: New ICMI Study Series ((NISS,volume 3))

Conclusion

The disadvantages faced by women in mathematics in career access and earning power are not accounted for by cognitive and psycho-social gender differences (Linn & Hyde, 1993). Thus the mythology does not explain the reality. Does the misogyny?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahern, N. C., & Scott, E. L. (1981). Career outcomes in a matched sample of men and women Ph.D.’s: An analytical report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Mathematical Society. (1991). Special issue: Women in mathematics. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 38(7), 701–754.

    Google Scholar 

  • AMS-IMS-MAA Data Committee. (1993). 1993 Annual AMS-IMS-MAA Survey. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 40(9), 1164–1172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benbow, C., & Stanley, J. C. (1980). Sex differences in mathematical ability: Fact or artifact? Science, 210, 1262–1264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, B. B., and Gray, M. W. (1975). Equality in retirement benefits. Civil Rights Digest, 8, 25–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chipman, S. F., Brush, L. R., & Wilson, D. M. (Eds.). (1985). Women and mathematics: Balancing the equation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor, K., & Vargyas, E. J. (1989). Gender bias in standardized testing. The Proceedings of a Hearing co-sponsored by the National Commission on Testing and Public Policy and the National Women’s Law Center. Washington, DC: National Commission on Testing and Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dossey, J. A., Mullis, I.V.S., Lindquist, M. M., & Chambers, D. L. (1988). The mathematics report card. Are we measuring up? Princeton: Educational Testing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumarin, S. K. (1990). Teaching mathematics: A feminist prospective. In T. J. Cooney (Ed.), Teaching and learning mathematics in the 1990s: 1990 Yearbook (pp. 144–151). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. S., & Jacobs, J. E. (1986). Social forces shape math attitudes and performance. Signs, 11, 367–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fennema, E.(1974). Mathematics learning and the sexes: A review. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 5, 126–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennema, E, & Leder, G. C. (Eds.). (1990). Mathematics and gender. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennema, E., & Sherman, J. A. (1978). Sex-related differences in mathematics achievement, spatial visualization, and sociocultural factors. American Educational Research. Journal, 14, 51–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, K. (1989). Mathematics and the gender gap: A meta-analysis of recent studies of sex differences in mathematical tasks. Review of Educational Research, 59, 185–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women—s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, G. (1989). Mathematics achievement of girls and boys in grade eight: Results from twenty countries. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 20 (2), 225–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helson, R. (1971). Women mathematicians and the creative personality. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 210–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner, M. S. (1972). Toward an understanding of achievement-related conflicts in women. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 157–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, A. Are women getting all the jobs? Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 41 (4), 286–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, J. E., & Eccles, J. S. (1985). Gender differences in math ability: The impact of media reports on parents. Educational Researcher, 14 (3), 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, E. F. (1985). Reflections on gender and science. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leggett, A. (1992). Barbie. AWM Newsletter, 22 (6), 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linn, M. C., & Hyde, J. S. (1993). Gender, mathematics, and science. AWM Newsletter, 23 (3), 17–23; 23 (4), 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of gender differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479–1498.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCoy, L. P. (1994). Mathematical problem-solving processes of elementary male and female students. School Science and Mathematics, 94 (5), 266–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Fair & Open Testing v. Educational Testing Service and College Entrace Examination Board (D.D.C. April 29, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauldi, M. A., & Bauer, W. D. (1983). Goldberg revisited: What’s in an author’s name? Sex Roles, 9, 387–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perl, T. (1979). The Ladies’ Diary or Women’s Almanack 1704–1841. Historica Mathematica, 6 (1), 36–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, P. L., & Fennema, E. (1985). Effective teaching, student engagement in classroom activities, and sex-related differences in learning mathematics. American Educational Research Journal, 22, 309–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratner, M. (1993). Letter to the editor. AWM Newsletter, 23(5), 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A., & Katzman, J. (1986). Cracking the system. New York: Villard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, P. (1989). The SAT Gender Gap: Identifying the causes. Washington, DC: Center for Women Policy Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, S. V. (1990). Female-friendly science and applying women’s studies methods and theories to attract students. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvin, Paul. (1992). Heroism is still the norm. Science, 255, 1382–1383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharif v. New York State Board of Education, 88 Civ. 8435 (JW) (S.D.N.Y. 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, J., & Fennema, E. (1977). Sex-related differences in spatial visualization, and affective factors. American Educational Research Journal, 14, 51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, N. (1978). Age and achievement in mathematics: A case study in the sociology of science. Social Studies of Science, 8, 127–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobias, S. (1978). Overcoming math anxiety. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlenbeck, K. (1993). Address to Department Chairs’ Colloquium of Joint Policy Board of Mathematical Sciences. Arlington, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, L., & Marrett, C. (Eds.). (1985). Gender influences in classroom interaction. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gray, M. (1996). Gender and Mathematics: Mythology and Misogyny. In: Hanna, G. (eds) Towards Gender Equity in Mathematics Education. New ICMI Study Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47205-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47205-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-3921-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47205-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics