Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ancis, J. R., & Phillips, S. D. (1996). Academic gender bias and women’s behavioral agency self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 131–137.
Bartholomew, C. G., & Schnorr, D. L. (1994). Gender equity: Suggestions for broadening career options of female students. The School Counselor, 41, 245–255.
Benokraitis, N. V. (1997). Subtle sexism: Current practice and prospects for change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bristor, J., & Fischer, E. (1995). Exploring simultaneous oppressions: Toward the development of consumer research in the interest of diverse women. American Behavioral Scientist, 38, 526–536.
Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., & Rosenkrantz, P. S. (1972). Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal. In B. Puka (Ed.), Caring voices and women’s moral frames: Vol. 6. Gilligan’s view (pp. 191–210). New York: Garland.
Campbell, B., Schellenberg, E. G., & Senn, C. Y (1997). Evaluating measures of contemporary sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 89–102.
Comas-Diaz, L., & Greene, B. (1994). Women of color with professional status. In L. Comas-Diaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating Ethnic and Gender Identities in Psychotherapy (pp. 347–388). New York: Guilford Press.
DeFour, D. D. (1996). The interface of racism and sexism on college campuses. In M. A. Paludi (Ed.), Sexual harassment on college campuses: Abusing the ivory power (Rev. ed.) (pp. 49–56). New York State University of New York Press.
Ellis, P., & Murphy, B. C. (1994). The impact of misogyny and homophobia on therapy with women. In M. P. Mirkin (Ed.), Women in context: Toward a feminist reconstruction of psychotherapy (pp. 2547). New York: Guilford Press.
Elmslie, B., & Sedo, S. (1996). Discrimination, social, psychology, and hysteresis in labor markets. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 465–478.
Gillem, A. R. (1996). Beyond double jeopardy: Female, biracial and perceived to be black. In J. C. Chrisler, C. Golden, & P. D. Rozee (Eds.), Lectures on the psychology of women (pp. 199–209). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Glick, P. (1991). Trait-based and sex-based discrimination in occupational prestige, occupational salary, and hiring. Sex Roles, 25, 351–378.
Glick, P., Diebold, J., Bailey-Werner, B., & Zhu, L. (1997). The two faces of Adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1323–1334.
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1997). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 119–135.
Glick, P., Zion, C., & Nelson, C. (1988). What mediates sex discrimination in hiring decisions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 178–186.
Gordon, E. (1997). Sex, speech and stereotypes: Why women use prestige speech forms more than men. Language in Society, 26, 47–63.
Greene, B. (1994). Lesbian women of color: Triple jeopar. In Comas-Dim & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy (pp. 389427). New York: Guilford Press.
Haslett, B. B., & Lipman, S. (1997). Micro inequities: Up close and personal. In N. V. Benokraitis (Ed.), Subtle sexism: Current practice and prospects for change (pp. 34–53). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Heilman, M. E., McCullough, W. F., & Gilbert, D. (1996). The other side of affirmative action: Reactions of nonbeneficiaries to sex-based preferential selection. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 346–357.
Hertzberg, J. F. (1996). Internalizing power dynamics: The wounds and the healing. Women and Therapy, 18, 129–148.
Hurtado, A. (1994). Relating to privilege: Seduction and rejection in the subordination of white women and women of color. In A. C. Herrmann & A. J. Stewart (Eds.), Theorizing feminism: Parallel trends in the humanities and social sciences (pp. 136–154).Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
King, D. K. (1988). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a Black feminist ideology. Signs, 14(1), 42–72.
Kliman, J. (1994). The interweaving of gender, class, and race in family therapy. In M. P. Mirkin (Ed.), Women in context: Toward a feminist reconstruction of psychotherapy (pp. 2547). New York Guilford Press.
Klonoff, E. A., & Landrine, H. (1995). The schedule of sexist events: A measure of lifetime and recent sexist discrimination in women’s lives. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 439–472.
Kobrynowicz, D., & Branscombe, N. R. (1997). Who considers themselves victims of discrimination? Individual difference predictors of perceived gender discrimination in women and men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 347–363.
LaFrance, M., & Woodzicka, J. A. (1998). No laughing matter: Women’s verbal reactions to sexist humor. In J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.), Prejudice: The targets perspective (pp. 61–80).San Diego, CA. Academic Press.
Landrine, H., Klonoff, E. A., Gibbs, J., Manning, V., & Lund, M. (1995). Physical and psychiatric correlates of gender discrimination: An application of the schedule of sexist events. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 473–492.
Lott, B. (1995). Distancing from women: Interpersonal sexist discrimination. In B. Lott & D. Maluso (Eds.), The social psychology of interpersonal discrimination (pp. 12–49). New York: Guilford Press.
Lott, B. (1996). The perils and promise of studying sexist discrimination in face-to-face situations. In M. A. Paludi (Ed.), Sexual harassment on college campuses: Abusing the ivory power (pp. 57–71). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Lott, B., & Maluso, D. (1995). Introduction: Framing the questions. In B. Lott & D. Maluso (Eds.), The social psychology of interpersonal discrimination (pp. 1–11).New York: Guilford Press.
Myers, D., & Dugan, K. (1996). Sexism in graduate school classrooms: Consequences for students and faculty. Gender and Society, 10, 330–350.
Pharr, S. (1988). Homophobia: A weapon of sexism. Chardon Press.
Pincus, F. L. (1996). Discrimination comes in many forms. American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 186–194.
Reid, P. T., & Comas-Dim, L. (1990). Gender and ethnicity: Perspectives on dual status. Sex Roles, 22, 397–408.
Rich, A. (1979). On lies, secrets and silence: Selected prose (1966–1973). New York: Norton.
Smith, R. (1998). Challenging privelege: White male middle-class opposition in the multicultural education terrain. In R. C. Chavez & J. O’Donnell (Eds.), Speaking the unpleasant: The politics of (non)engagement in the multicultural education terrain (pp. 197–210).Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The attitudes toward women scale and attitude change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17–34.
Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199–214.
Swim, J. K., & Cohen, L. L. (1997). Overt, covert, and subtle sexism: A comparison between the attitudes toward women and modem sexism scales. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 103–118.
Swim, J. K., Cohen, L. L., & Hyers, L. L. (1998). Experiencing everyday prejudice and discrimination. In J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.), Prejudice: The target’s perspective (pp. 37–60). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Tavris, C. (1996). The mismeasure of woman. In K. E. Rosenblum & T-M. C. Travis (Eds.), The meaning of difference (pp. 336–353) New York: McGraw-Hill.
Twenge, J. M. (1997). Attitudes toward women, 1970-1995: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 35–51.
Weber, L. (1998). A conceptual framework for understanding race, class, gender, and sexuality. Psychology ofWomen Quarterly, 22, 13–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gillem, A.R., Sehgal, R., Forcet, S. (2002). Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination. In: Biaggio, M., Hersen, M. (eds) Issues in the Psychology of Women. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47185-X_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47185-X_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46321-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47185-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive