Abstract
The adoption of wide-band signals in active beamforming is very useful to improve the performances of acoustical imaging systems. Although a great amount of work has been done to develop and optimise weighting windows for an array working in narrow-band, one can verify that these windows do not provide optimal results when applied under wide-band conditions. The synthesis of a weighting window that is well-suited to work on wide-band signals may be considered as an open research problem.
In this paper, after a proper definition of the wide-band beam pattern, a method aimed at determining the values of the weight coefficients to be applied to the elements of a linear array that generates a beam pattern fulfilling some a priori fixed constraints is proposed. This method relies on a stochastic scheme based on the simulated annealing algorithm: its high flexibility allows to optimise any wide-band pulse waveform used by the imaging system and to comply with different constraints on the desired beam pattern.
Some results showing a notable improvement in array performances, in terms of main lobe width and side lobes level, with respect to an unitary weighting are hereby presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
X. Lurton and S. Coatelan, “Array Directivity for Wide Band Signals: a Time-Domain Approach,” Proc. Europ. Conf. on Underwater Acoustics, Luxembourg, September 1992.
V. Murino, A. Trucco, and A. Tesei, “Beam Pattern Formulation and Analysis for Wide-Band Beamforming Systems Using Sparse Arrays,” Signal Processing, vol. 56, pp. 177–183, January 1997.
M.H. Bae, I.H. Sohn, and S.B. Park, “Grating Lobes Reduction in Ultrasonic Synthetic Focusing,” Electronics Let, vol. 27, pp. 1225–1227, 4th July, 1991.
A. Macovski, “Ultrasonic Imaging Using Arrays,” tIEEE Proceedings, vol. 67, pp. 484–495, April 1979.
R.F. Follett and J.P. Donohoe, “A Wideband, High-Resolution, Low Probability of Detection FFT Beamformer,” IEEE Jour. on Oceanic Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 175–182, April 1994.
D.H. Turnbull, F.S. Foster, “Beam Steering With Pulsed Two-Dimensional Transducer Arrays,” IEEE Trans. on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 38, pp. 320–333, July 1991.
J. Lu and J.F. Greenleaf, “A Study of Two-Dimensional Array Transducers for Limited Diffraction Beams”, IEEE Trans. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 41, pp. 724–739, September 1994.
A. Trucco, V. Murino, and G. Tacconi, “Beam Pattern Analysis under Generalized Conditions,” 3rd Europ. Conf. on Underwater Acoustics, Heraklion, Crete (GREECE), pp. 525–530, June 1996.
V. Murino, A. Trucco, and C.S. Regazzoni, “Synthesis of Unequally Spaced Arrays by Simulated Annealing,” IEEE Tr. Sig. Proc., vol. 44, pp. 119–123, January 1996.
A. Trucco and V. Murino, “Stochastic Optimization of Linear Sparse Arrays,”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 219–299, July 1999.
P. Challande and P. Cervenka, “Theoretical Influence of Various Parameters on the Behaviour of a Linear Antenna”, Journal ďAcoustique, vol. 3, pp. 17–27, March 1990.
G.R. Lockwood and F.S. Foster, “Optimizing Sparse Two-Dimensional Transducer Arrays Using an Effective Aperture Approach,” Proc. 1994 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 1497–1501, Cannes, November 1994.
R.O. Nielsen, Sonar Signal Processing, Artech House, Boston, 1991.
M.O. O’Donnel, W.E. Engeler, J.T. Pedicone, et al. “Real-Time Phased Array Imaging Using Digital Beam Forming and Autonomous Channel Control,” Proc. 1990 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., pp. 1499–1502, 1990.
A.P. Goffer, M. Kam, and P.R. Herczfeld, “Design of Phased Arrays in Terms of Random Subarrays,” IEEE Trans. Anten. Propag., vol. 42, pp. 820–826, June 1994.
S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gellatt Jr., and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by Simulated Annealing,” Science, vol. 220, no. 4598, pp. 671–680, 1983.
W.A. Kuperman, M.D. Collins, J.S. Perkins, and N.R. Davis, “Optimal Time-Domain Beamforming With Simulated Annealing Including Application of A-Priori Information,” Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 88, pp. 1802–1810, October 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Trucco, A. (2002). A Stochastic Approach to Optimise Wide-Band Beam Patterns. In: Halliwell, M., Wells, P.N.T. (eds) Acoustical Imaging., vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47107-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47107-8_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46516-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47107-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive