Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Beam Shaping and Control with Nonlinear Optics pp 259–290Cite as

Phototorefractive Spatial Solitons

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series: B: ((NSSB,volume 369))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bloembergen N., Nonlinear Optics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1991); Shen Y.R., The Principles of Nonlinear Optics Wiley, New York, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R.Y. Chiao, E. Garmire and C. H. Townes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13:479 (1964),.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zakharov V.E. and Shabat A.B., Sov.Phys. JETP, 34:62 (1972).

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. see, e.g., Agrawal G.P., Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press, New York (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  5. see, e.g., Hasegawa A. and Kodama Y., Solitons in Optical Communications, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  6. see, e.g., Infeld E. and Rowlands G., Nonlinear Waves, Solitons and Chaos, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Temporal solitons were first demonstrated by Mollenhauer L. F., Stolen R. H., and Gordon J. P., Phys. Rev. Lett. 45:1095 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  8. see., e,g., the first observation of spatial solitons in solids, Aitchison J. S., Weiner A. M., Silberberg Y., Oliver M. K., Jackel J. L., Leaird D. E., Vogel E. M. and Smith P. W., Opt. Lett. 15:471 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kelley P. L., Phys. Rev. Lett. 15:1005 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zakharov V.E., and Rubenchik A. M., Sov. Phys. JETP, 38:494 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  11. We use the term “soliton” in conjunction with non-diffracting self-trapped optical beams, i.e., we use the broader definition of solitons that includes these in non-integrable systems, as defined by Zakharov V. E., and Malomed B. A., in Physical Encyclopedia, Prokhorov A. M., Ed., Great Russian Encyclopedia, Moscow (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Segev M., Crosignani B., Yariv A., and Fischer B., Phys.Rev.Lett. 68:923 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Duree G.C., Shultz J.L., Salamo G. J., Segev M., Yariv A., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., Sharp E.J., Neurgaonkar R.R., Phys.Rev.Lett. 71:533 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Torruellas W. E., Wang Z., Hagan D. J., Van Stryland E. W., Stegeman G. I., Torner L., and Menyuk C. R., Phys. Rev. Lett., 74:5036 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tikhonenko V., Christou J., and Luther-Davies B., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:2698 (1996); one related obserevation was reported much earlier: Bjorkholm J. E., and Ashkin A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 32: 129( 1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ashkin A., Boyd G.D., Dziedzic J.M., Smith R.G., Ballman A. A., Levinstein J. J., and Nassau K., Appl. Phys. Lett. 9:72 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yariv A, Optical Electronics, 5th ed. Wiley, New York (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yeh P., Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics Wiley, New York (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Solymar L., Webb D.J., and Grunnet-Jepsen A. The Physics and Applications of Photorefractive Materials, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Vinetski V.L., and Kukhtarev N.V., Sov. Phys. Solid State, 16:2414 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kukhtarev N.V., Markov V.B., Odulov S.G., Soskin M. S., and Vinetski V.L., Ferroelectrics 22:961 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Crosignani B., Di Porto P., DeGasperis A., Segev M., and Trillo S., “Three-dimensional Optical Beam Propagation and Solitons in Photorefractive Crystals”, to be published (accepted) in J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, November, (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  23. This term can be shown to be responsible for a self-bending of the self-trapped beam which does not alter its shape; see, e.g., Singh S.R. and Christodoulides D.N., Opt.Comm., 118:569 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Segev M., Valley G., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., and Yariv A., Phys.Rev.Lett., 73:3211 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Segev M., Shih M. and Valley G., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13:706 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Christodoulides D.N., and Carvalho M. I., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12: 1628 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Segev M., Yariv A., Salamo, G., Shultz J., Crosignani B., and Di Porto P., Opt. Photonics News 4(12): 8 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Duree G.C., Morin M., Salamo G.J., Segev M., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., Sharp E., and Yariv A., Phys.Rev.Lett. 74: 1978 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Segev M., Salamo G.J., Duree G.C., Morin M., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., and Yariv A., Opt.Photonics News 5(12):9 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Duree G.C., Salamo G. J., Segev M., Yariv A., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., and Sharp E., Opt.Lett. 16:1195 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Segev M., Crosignani B., Di Porto P., Yariv A., Duree G.C., Salamo G.J., and Sharp E., Opt.Lett. 17:1296 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Morin M., Duree G., Salamo G., and Segev M., Opt.Lett. 20:2066 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Stepanov’s JOSA B, (Dec. 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Crosignani B., Segev M., Engin D., Di Porto P., Yariv A., and Salamo G., J.Opt.Soc.Am. B 10:446 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Christodoulides D. N., and Carvalho M. I., Opt. Lett. 19:1714 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fressengeas N., Maufoy J., and Kugel G., Phys.Rev. E 54: 6866 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Segev M., Crosignani B., Salamo G., Duree G., Di Porto P., and Yariv A., Photorefractive Spatial Solitons, Chapter 4 in Photorefractive Effects and Materials Edited by Nolte D., Kluwer, Boston (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Glass A. M., von der Linde D., and Negran T. J., Appl. Phys. Lett. 25:233 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sturman B. I., and Fridkin V. M., The Photovoltaic and Photorefractive Effect in Non-Centrosymmetric Materials, Gordon and Breach, Philadelphia (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Valley G. C., Segev M., Crosignani B., Yariv A., Fejer M.M., and Bashaw M., Phys.Rev. A 50:R4457 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Segev M., Valley G.C., Bashaw M.C. Taya M, and Fejer M.M., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14: 1772 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Taya M., Bashaw M.C., Fejer M.M., Segev M., and Valley G.C., Phys.Rev.A 52:3095 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Taya M., Bashaw M.C., Fejer M.M., Segev M., and Valley G.C., Opt.Lett. 21:943 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chen Z., Segev M., Wilson D. W., Muller R. E., and Maker P. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:2948 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bian S., Frejlich J., and Ringhofer K. H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:4035 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Iturbe-Castillo M. D., Marquez-Aguilar P. A., Sanchez-Mondragon J. J., Stepanov S., and Vysloukh V., Appl. Phys. Lett. 64:408 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Shih M., Segev M., Valley G.C., Salamo G., Crosignani B., and Di Porto P., Electron.Lett. 31:826 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Shih M., Leach P., Segev M., Garret M.H., Salamo G., and Valley G.C., Opt.Lett. 21:324 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kos K., Meng H., Salamo G., Shih M., Segev M., and Valley G.C., Phys.Rev. E 53:R4330 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Mamaev A.V., Saffman M., Anderson D.Z. and Zozulya A.A., Phys.Rev. A 54:870 (1996). In this paper, it is claimed that both bright and dark photorefractive solitons suffer from transverse instabilities and are unstable. But the experimental results presented in the same paper clearly show “self-trapped channel of light” that do NOT exhibit transverse instabilities (Figs. 5d and 14b). Instability was observed only when further “increasing the nonlinearity” (see discussion on page 874 there). The similarity between the experimental and the numerical results showing the development of the instability in that paper is misleading: the experimental results (Figs. 5 and 14) show sequences of output intensity distributions (at a fixed propagation distance) for different levels of applied voltages (i.e., different levels of nonlinearity), ONLY ONE of which corresponds to that of a soliton (is “on” the existence curve), whereas the simulations (Figs. 1 and 9) show the near field intensity evolution for different propagation distances for a fixed set of parameters (i.e., at a fixed voltage) that greatly DIFFER from that of a soliton.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Infeld E., and Lenkowska-Czerwinska T., Phys. Rev. E 55:6101 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Zozulya A. A, and Anderson D. Z., Phys. Rev. A 51:1520 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zozulya A. A, and Anderson D. Z., Opt. Lett. 20837 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Burak D., and Nasalski W., Appl. Opt. 33:6393 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Chen Z., Mitchell M., Shih M., Segev M., Garret M.H., and Valley G.C., Opt.Lett. 21:629 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Swartzlander G.A., Andersen D.R., Regan J. J., Yin H. and Kaplan A.E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66:1583 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Allan G.R., Skinner S.R., Andersen D.R. and Smirl A.L., Opt. Lett. 16:156 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Iturbe-Castillo M. D., Sanchez-Mondragon J. J,, Stepanov S. I., Klein M. B., and Wechsler B. A., Opt. Comm. 118:515 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Chen Z., Mitchell M., and Segev M., Opt.Lett. 21:716 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Chen Z., Segev M., Singh S. R., Coskun T., and Christodoulides D. N., J. of Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1407 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Mamaev A.V., Saffman M., and Zozulya A.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 77:4544 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Chen Z., Shih M., Segev, Wilson D. W., Muller R. E., and Maker P. D., Steady-state vortex screening solitons formed in biased photorefractive media, submitted to Opt. Lett., August (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Askar’yan G. A., Sov. Phys. JET, 15:1088 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Snyder A. W., Mitchell D. J., Poladian L., and Ladouceur F., Opt. Lett. 16:21 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Snyder A. W., Mitchell D. J., and Kivshar Y. S., Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 9: 1479 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mitchell D. J., Snyder A. W., and Poladian L., Opt. Comm. 85:59 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  67. De La Fuente R., Barthelemy A., and Froehly C., Opt. Lett. 16:793 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Luther-Davies B., Yang X., Opt. Lett. 17:496 (1992); Opt. Lett. 17: 1755 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Bosshard C., Mamyshev P. V., and Stegeman G., Opt. Lett. 19:90 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Swatrzlander G. A., and Law C. T., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69:2503 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Shih M., Segev M., and Salamo G., Opt.Lett. 21:931 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Shih M., Chen Z., Mitchell M. and Segev M., Waveguides induced by photorefractive screening solitons, to be published (accepted) in J. Opt.Soc. Am. B, October, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Lan S., Shih M., and Segev M., Self-trapping of 1D and 2D Optical Beams and Induced Waveguides in Photorefractive KNbO3, to be published (accepted) in Opt. Lett., 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Zabusky N. J., and Kruskal M. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 15:240 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Snyder A. W., and Sheppard A. P., Opt. Lett. 18:482 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mitchell D. J., Snyder A. W., and Polodian L.,, Opt. Comm. 85:59 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Shih M., and Segev M., Opt. Lett. 21:5318 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Krolikowski W., and Holmstrom S. A., Opt. Lett. 22:369 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Shih M., Segev M., and Salamo G., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78:2551 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Shih M., Chen Z., Segev M., Coskun T., and Christodoulides D. N., Appl. Phys. Lett. 69:4151 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Barthelemy A, Maneuf S., and Froehly C., Opt. Comm. 55:201 (1985); F. Reynaud and A. Barthelemy, Europhys. Lett. 12: 401 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Aitchison J. S., Weiner A. M., Silberberg Y., Oliver M. K., Jackel J. L., Leaird D. E., Vogel E. M., and Smith P. W., Opt, Lett. 15:471 (1990); ibid 16:15 (191).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gatz S., and Herrmann J., IEEE J. Quant. Elect. 28:1732 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Snyder A. W., and Sheppard A. P., Opt. Lett. 18:482 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Meng H., Salamo G., Shih M., and Segev M., Opt. Lett. 22:448 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Garcia-Quirino G. S., Iturbe-Castillo M. D., Vysloukh V., Sanchez-Mondragon J. J., Stepanov S. I., Lugo-Martinez G., and Torres-Cisneros G. E., Opt. Lett. 22:154 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Tikhonenko V., Christou J., and Luther-Davies B., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:2698 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Shih M., Segev M., Salamo G., and Kivshar Y., Do interacting spatial solitons conserve angular momentum?, to be published, Opt. and Phot. News, December, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Mitchell M., Chen Z., Shih M., and Segev M., Phys.Rev.Lett. 77:490 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mitchell M., and Segev M., Nature, 387:880 (1997); See also commentary on this article in the News and Views section of the same issue: Boardman A., Nature, 387: 854 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Christodoulides D.N, Coskun T.H., Mitchell M., and Segev M., Phys.Rev.Lett. 77:490 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  92. M. Mitchell, M. Segev, T. Coskun and D. N. Christodoulides, Theory of self-trapped spatially-incoherent light beams, submitted to Physical Review Letters, June, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Chauvet M., Hawkins S.A., Salamo G. J., Segev M., Bliss D.F., and Bryant G., Opt.Lett. 21:1333 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Chauvet M., Hawkins S.A., Salamo G. J., Segev M., Bliss D.F., and Bryant G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 70:2499 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Segev M., and Agranat A., Opt. Lett. 22:1299 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Segev M., Valley G. C., Singh S. R., Carvalho M. I., and Christodoulides D. N., Opt. Lett. 20:1764 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Singh S. R., Carvalho M. I., and Christodoulides D. N., Opt. Lett. 20:2177 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Carvalho M. I., Singh S. R., and Christodoulides D. N., Phys. Rev E, 53:R53 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Krolikowski W., Akhmediev N., and Luther-Davies B., Opt. Lett. 21:782 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Christodoulides D. N., Singh S. R., Carvalho M. I., and Segev M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 68:1763 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Chen Z., Segev M., Coskun T., and Christodoulides D. N., Opt. Lett. 21:1436 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Chen Z., Segev M., Coskun T., Christodoulides D. N., Kivshar Y., and Afanasjev V. V., Opt. Lett. 21:1821 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Chen Z., Segev M., Coskun T., Christodoulides D. N., and Kivshar Y., Coupled photorefractive spatial soliton pairs, to appear in J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Nov. 1997.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA

    Mordechai Segev, Ming-feng Shih, Zhigang Chen, Matthew Mitchell & Greg Salamo

  2. Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA

    Mordechai Segev, Bruno Crosignani, Paolo. Di Porto, Ming-feng Shih, Zhigang Chen, Matthew Mitchell & Greg Salamo

  3. Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, Roma, Italy

    Mordechai Segev, Bruno Crosignani, Paolo. Di Porto, Ming-feng Shih, Zhigang Chen, Matthew Mitchell & Greg Salamo

  4. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita’ dell’Aquila, 67010, L’Aquila, Italy

    Bruno Crosignani & Paolo. Di Porto

Authors
  1. Mordechai Segev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bruno Crosignani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paolo. Di Porto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ming-feng Shih
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhigang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Matthew Mitchell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Greg Salamo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    F. Kajzar

  2. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    R. Reinisch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Segev, M. et al. (2002). Phototorefractive Spatial Solitons. In: Kajzar, F., Reinisch, R. (eds) Beam Shaping and Control with Nonlinear Optics. NATO Science Series: B:, vol 369. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47079-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47079-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45902-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47079-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation