Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Origin of Elements in the Solar System pp 545–554Cite as

The Possible Role of PeP Weak Interactions in the Early History of the Earth

  • Chapter

  • 440 Accesses

Abstract

The p(pe− v)d, reaction (Q = 1.442 MeV) is examined in view of the possible Gamow Factor Cancellation (GFC) theorized by Kim and Zubarev (1995). The lifetime for the pep reaction in a metal hydride environment, such as FeH in the core of the earth, was calculated to be 2.54E(+12) yrs. The duration of the earth’s melting and degassing prior to the formation of the oceans can be calculated using the present ratio D/H = 1.5E(−4) for the oceanic value, the pep lifetime in Fe and the primordial ratio of D/H = 2.6E(−5). The time interval was calculated to be 630 ± 160 million years, yielding an oceanic formation age of 3.92 billion years ago. The d(pe−, v)t, reaction (Q = 5.474 MeV) was also examined in view of the subsequent decay of tritium to 3He and its possible role as a radiochronometer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allegre, J., Staudacher, T., Sarda, P. and Kurz, M.: 1983, “Constraints on evolution of Earth’s mantle from rare gas systematics”, Nature 303, 762–766.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahcall, J.: 1989, Neutrino Astrophysics, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 567 pp. (See Chapter 3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bose, K. and Navrotsky, A.: 1998, “Thermochemistry and phase equilibria of hydrous phases in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O: Implications for volatile transport to the mantle”, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 9713–9719.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, W., Beg, M. and Craig, H.: 1969, “Excess He-3 in the sea: Evidence for terrestrial primordial helium”, Earth Planet Set. Lett. 6, 213–220.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D.: 1968, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 612 pp. (See Chapters 4 and 5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, H., Clarke, W. and Beg, M.: 1975, “Excess He3 in deep water on the East Pacific Rise”, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 26, 125–132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eiler, J., Parley, K. and Stolpher, E.: 1998, “Correlated helium and lead isotope variations in Hawaiian lavas”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 1977–1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geiss, J. and Reeves, H.: 1972, “Cosmic and solar system abundances of deuterium and helium-3”, Astron. Astrophys. 18, 126–132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanyu, T., Kaneoka, I. and Nagao, K.: 1999, “Noble gas study of HIMU and EM ocean island basalts in the Polynesian region”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 1181–1201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, A.: 1997, “Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism”, Nature 385, 219–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jochum, K., Hoffmann, A., Ito, E., Seufert, H. and White, W.: 1983, “K, U and Th in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and heat production, K/U and K/Rb in the mantle”, Nature 306, 431–436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamijo, K., Hashizume, K, and Matsuda, J.-I.: 1998, “Noble gas constraints on the evolution of the atmosphere-mantle system”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 2311–2321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneoka, I.: 1983, “Noble gas constraints on the layered structure of the mantle”, Nature 302, 698–700.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneshima, S. and Helffrich, G.: 1999, “Dipping low-velocity layer in the mid-lower mantle: Evidence for geochemical heterogeneity”, Science 283, 1888–1892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, L., Hager, B. and van der Hilst, R.: 1999, “Compositional stratification in the deep mantle”, Science 283, 1881–1886.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, R.: 1999, “A lava lamp model for the deep Earth”, Science 283, 1826–1827.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. and Zubarev, A.: 1995, “Optical theorem and finite-range effect for nuclear reactions in astrophysics”, Few-Body Systems Suppl. 8, 334–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. and Zubarev, A.: 1996, “Optical theorem and effective finite-range nuclear interaction for low-energy nuclear-fusion reactions”, Nuovo Cimento A108, 1009–1018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. and Zubarev, A.: 1997, Neutrino’ 96, Proc. 17th International Conf. On Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, eds., Enqvist, K., Huitu, K. and Maalanpi, J., World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 120–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, C.: 1986, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 108–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreuer, K.D.: 1996, “Proton conductivity: Materials and applications”, Chem. Mater. 8, 610–641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuer, K.D.: 1997, “On the development of proton conducting materials for technological applications”, Solid State Ionics 97, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurz, M., Jenkins, W. and Hart, S.: 1982, “Helium isotopic systematics of ocean islands and mantle heterogeneity”, Nature 297, 43–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ladbury, R.: 1999, “Model suggests deep-mantel topography goes with the flow”, Physics Today 52, no. 8, 21–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindhard, J., Nielsen, V. and Scharff, M.: 1968, “Thomas-Fermi model”, Mat. Phys. Medd. Dan. Via. Selsk 36, no. 10, 47 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, F.: 1997, Classical Field Theory, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 24–66.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lugmair, G. and Shukolyukov, A.: 1998, “Early solar system time scales according to 53Mn-53Cr systematics”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 2863–2886.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lupton, J. and Craig, H.: 1975, “Excess 3He in oceanic basalts: Evidence for terrestrial primordial helium”, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 26, 133–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. and O’Nions, R.: 1983, “Mantle reservoirs and ocean island basalts”, Nature 301, 229–231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navrotsky, A.: 1999, “A lesson from ceramics”, Science 284, 1788–1789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niedermann, S., Bach, W. and Erzinger, J.: 1997, “Noble gas evidence for a lower mantle component in MORBs from the southern East Pacific Rise: Decoupling of helium and neon isotope systematics”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 2677–2715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemann, H.B., Atreya, S.K., Carignan, G.R., Donahue, T.M., Haberman, J.A., Harpold, D.N., Hartle, R.E., Hunten, D.M., Kasprzak, W.T., Mahaffy, P.R., Owen, T.C., Spencer, N.W. and Way, S.H.: 1996, “The Galileo probe mass spectrometer: Composition of Jupiter’s atmosphere”, Science 272, 846–849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norby, T.: 1990, “Proton conduction in oxides”, Solid State Ionics 40, 857–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowick, A. and Du, Y.: 1995, “High-temperature protonic conductors with pervoskite-related structures”, Solid State Ionics 77, 137–146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Nions, R. and Oxbugh, E.: 1983, “Heat and helium in the Earth”, Nature 306, 429–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, D., Farley, K. and McInnus, B.: 1997, “Helium isotopic composition of the Tabar-Lihir-Tango-Feni island arc, Papua New Guinea”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 2485–2496.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedroni, A., Hammerschmidt, K. and Freidricksen, H.: 1999, “He, Ne, Ar, and C isotope systematics of geothermal emanations in the Lesser Antilles Islands Arc”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 515–532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, J.-P.: 1991, Introduction to the Physics of the Earth’s Interior, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, pp. 23–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porcelli, D. and Wasserburg, G.: 1995, “Mass transfer of helium, neon, argon, and xenon through a steady-state upper mantle”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 4921–4937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocholl, A., Heusser, E., Kirsten, T., Oehmad, J. and Richter, H.: 1996, “A noble gas profile across a Hawaiian mantle xenolith: Coexisting accidental and cognate noble gases derived from the lithospheric and astenospheric mantle beneath Oahu”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 4773–4783.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Titayeva, N.: 1994, Nuclear Geochemistry, MIR Publishers, CRC Press, Moscow, Russia, pp. 98–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Hilst, R. and Karason, H.: 1999, “Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth’s mantle: Toward a hybrid convection model”, Science 283, 1885–1890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wedepohl, K.: 1995, “The composition of the continental crust”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1217–1232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yosida, K.: 1996, Theory of Magnetism, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeigler, J., Biersach, J. and Littmark, U.: 1985, The Stopping and Range Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 128 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y.: 1998, “The young age of Earth”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 3185–3189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 20585

    Thomas E. Ward

Authors
  1. Thomas E. Ward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Missouri, Rolla, Missouri

    O. Manuel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ward, T.E. (2002). The Possible Role of PeP Weak Interactions in the Early History of the Earth. In: Manuel, O. (eds) Origin of Elements in the Solar System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46927-8_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46927-8_40

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46562-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46927-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation