Abstract
Development of treatment wall technology for the clean up of contaminated ground-water resources has expanded in the past few years. The main perceived advantage of this technology over ex situ and other in situ ground-water remediation approaches is reduced operation and maintenance costs. Since the first commercial application of zero-valent iron using a funnel-and-gate system for the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons in February, 1995, several field- and pilot-scale studies are evaluating the feasibility of this technology for treatment of both organic and inorganic contaminants.
Although, considerable design details have already been developed through field- and pilot-scale applications of this technology, some critical issues (e.g., establishing tested and proven design procedures, improving construction technologies, documenting long-term performance, and evaluating synergy with other ground-water remediation technologies) still remain to be resolved. Currently planned field-scale tests and many ongoing laboratory studies are designed to address these issues and facilitate wider implementation of this technology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agrawal, A. and Tratnyek, P.G. (1996) “Reduction of Nitro Aromatic Compounds by Zero-Valent Iron Metal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30:1, 153–160.
Amonette, J.E., Szecsody, J.E., Schaef, H.T., Templeton, J.C., Gorby, Y.A., and Fruchter, J.S. (1994) “Abiotic Reduction of Aquifer Materials by Dithionite: A Promising In-Situ Remediation Technology.” 33rd Hanford Symposium on Health and the Environment, November 7–1I, Pasco, WA, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
Bianchi-Mosquera, G.C., Allen-King, R.M., and Mackay, D.M. (1994) “Enhanced Degradation of Dissolved Benzene and Toluene Using a Solid Oxygen-Releasing Compound.” Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, 14:1, 120–128.
Bowman, R.S., Haggerty, G.M., Huddleston, R.G., Neel, D., and Flynn, M.M. (1994) “Sorption of Nonpolar Organic Compounds, Inorganic Cations, and Inorganic Oxyanions by Surfactant-Modified Zeolites.” Proceeding of the 207th ACS National Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 13–17. Chapter 5, 54–64.
Bowman, R.S., Flynn, M.M., Haggerty, G.M., Huddleston, R.G., and Neel, D. (1994) “Organo-Zeolites for Sorption of Nonpolar Organics, Inorganic Cations, and Inorganic Anions.” Proceedings of 1993 CSCE-ASCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering, July 12–14, Montreal, Quebec. Canada, 1103–1109.
Burris, D.R. and Antworth, C.P. (1992) “In Situ Modification of an Aquifer Material by a Cationic Surfactant to Enhance Retardation of Organic Contaminants.” J. Contaminant Hydrology, 10, 325–337.
Burris, D.R., Campbell, T.J., and Manoranjan, V.S. (1995) “Sorption of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in a Batch Reactive Metallic Iron-Water System.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 29:11. 2850–2855.
Charrier, M.J., Guibal. E., Roussy, J., Delanghe, B., and Le Cloirec, P. (1996) “Vanadium(IV) Sorption by Chitosan: Kinetics and Equilibrium.” Water Research, 30:2, 465–475.
Chuang, F.W. and Larson, R.A. (1995) “Zero-Valent Iron-Promoted Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim. CA, April 2–7, 771–774.
Duba, A.G., Jackson, K.J., Jovanovich, M.C., Knapp, R.B., and Taylor, R.T. (1996) “TCE Remediation Using In Situ Resting-State Bioaugmentation.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:6, 1982–1989.
Duster, D., Edwards. R., Faile, M., Gallant, W., Gibeau, E., Myller, B., Nevling, K., and O’Grady, B. (1996) “Preliminary Performance Results from a Zero Valence Metal Reactive Wall for the Passive Treatment of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Groundwater.” Presented at Tri-Service Environmental Technology Workshop, May 20–22, Hershey, PA.
Dwyer, B.P., Marozas, D.C., Cantrell, K., and Stewart, W. (1996) “Laboratory and Field Scale Demonstration of Reactive Barrier Systems.” Proceedings of the 1996 Spectrum Conference in Seattle, WA, August 18–23.
Environmental Protection Agency (1995) In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Treatment Walls, United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA542-K-94-004, Washington. DC.
Environmental Protection Agency (1998) Permeable Reactive Barrier Technologies for Contaminant Remediation. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/R-98/125, Washington, DC.
Fairweather, V. (1996) “When Toxics Meet Metal.” Civil Engineering. 66:5, 44–48.
Focht, R.M. and Gillham, R.W. (1995) ”Dechlorination of 1,2,3-Tricliloropropane by Zero-Valent Iron.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA. April 2–7, 741–744.
Fuhrmann, M., Aloysius, D., and Zhou, H. (1995) “Permeable, Subsurface Sorbent Barrier for 90Sr: Laboratory Studies of Natural and Synthetic Materials.” Proceedings of Waste Management’ 95, February, 26–March 2, 1995. Tuscon, AZ.
Gantzer, C.J. and Wackett (1992) “Reductive Dechlorination Catalyzed by Bacterial Transition-Metal Coenzymes.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 25:4, 715–722.
Gillham, R.W. and O’Hannesin, S.F. (1994) “Enhanced Degradation of Halogenated Aliphatics by Zero-Valent Iron.” Ground Water, 32:6, 958–967.
Grittini. C., Malcomson, M., Fernando, Q., and Korte, N. (1995) “Rapid Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Surface of Pd/Fe Bimetallic System.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 29:1, 2898–2900.
Haggerty, G.M. and Bowman, R.S. (1994) “Sorption of Chromate and Other Inorganic Anions by Organo-Zeolite.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 28:3, 452–458.
Hardy, L.I. and Gillham, R.W. (1996) “Formation of Hydrocarbons from the Reduction of Aqueous CO2 by Zero-Valent Iron.” Environ. Sci Technol., 30:1, 57–65.
Ho, Y.S., Wase, D.A., and Forster, C.G. (1995) “Batch Nickel Removal from Aqueous Solution by Sphagnum Moss Peat.” Water Research, 29:5, 1327–1332
Johnson, T.L., Scherer, M.M., and Tratnyek, P.G. (1996) “Kinetics of Halogenated Organic Compound Degradation by Iron Metal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30:8. 2634–2641.
Kawamura, Y., Mitsuhashi, M., Tanibe, H., and Yoshida, H. (1993) “Adsorption of Metal Ions on Polyaminated Highly Porous Chitosan Chelating Resin.” Ind. Eng. Chem., 32, 386–391.
Kleinmann, R.L.P., Tiernan, T.O., Solch, J.G., and Harris, R.L. (1983) “A Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance Treatment System for Acid Mine Drainage Using Sphagnum Moss and Limestone.” National Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Koenigsberg, S., Johnson, J., Odenkrantz, J., and Norris, R. (1995) “Enhanced Intrinsic Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons with Oxygen Release Compound (ORC)” Sixth West Coast Conference on Contaminated Soils and Groundwater, March 11–14, Newport Beach, CA.
Liang, L., West, O.R., Korte, N.E., Goodlaxson, J.D., Anderson, ED., Welch, C.A., and Pelfry, M. (1996) “A Field-Scale Test of Trichloroethylene Dechlorination using Iron Filings.” Interim Report on the X-749/K-120 Groundwater Treatment Facility submitted to Department of Energy, Piketon OH, May, 1996.
Ma, Q.Y., Traina, S.J., Logan, T.J., and Ryan, J.A. (1993) “In Situ Lead Immobilization by Apatite.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27:9, 1803–1810.
Ma, Q,Y., Traina, S.J., Logan, T.J., and Ryan, J.A. (1994) “Effects of Aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, and Zn on Pb Immobilization by Apatite.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 28:7, 1219–1228.
Matheson, L.J. and Tratnyek, P.G. (1994) “Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Methanes by Iron Metal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 28:12, 2045–2053.
Morrison, S.J. and Spangler, R.R. (1992) “Extraction of Uranium and Molybdenum from Aqueous Solution: A Survey of Industrial Materials for Use in Chemical Barriers for Uranium Mill Tailings Remediation.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 26:10, 1922–1931.
Morrison, S.J. and Spangler, R.R. (1993) “Chemical Barriers for Controlling Groundwater Contamination.” Environ. Progress, 12:3, 175–181.
Morrison, S.J., Spangler, R.R., and Tripathi, V.S. (1995) “Adsorption of Uranium(VI) on Amorphous Ferric Oxyhydroxide at High Concentrations of Dissolved Carbon(IV) and Sulfur(VI).” J. Contaminant Hydrology, 17, 333–346.
Morrison, S.J., Tripathi, V.S., and Spangler, R.R. (1995) “Coupled Reaction/Transport Modeling of a Chemical Barrier for Controlling Uranium(VI) Contamination in Groundwater.” J. Contaminant Hydrology, 17, 347–363.
Muftikian, R., Fernando, Q., and Korte, N. (1995) “A Method for the Rapid Dechlorination of Low Molecular Weight Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water.” Water Research, 29:10, 2434–2439.
Orth, WS. and Gillham, R.W. (1996) “Dechlorination of Trichloroethene in Aqueous Solution Using Fe0.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30:1, 66–71.
Oscarson, D.W., Hume, H.B., and King, F. (1994) “Sorption of Cesium on Compacted Bentonite.” Clays and Clay Minerals, 42:6, 731–736.
Ouki, S.K., Cheesman, C., and Perry, R. (1993) “Effects of Conditioning and Treatment of Chabazite and Clinoptilolite Prior to Lead and Cadmium Removal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 27:6, 1108–1116.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc. (1996) Final Iron Curtain Bench-Scale Study Report, Department of the Navy Contract No. N62474-88-D-5086.
Pulgarin, C., Schwitzguebel, J.P., Peringer, P., Pdjonk, G.M., Bandara, J., and Kiwi, J. (1995) “Abiotic Degradation of Atrazine on Zero-valent Iron Activated by Visible Light.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 767–770.
Puls, R.W., Powell, R.M., and Paul, C.J. (1995) “In Situ Remediation of Ground Water Contaminated with Chromate and Chlorinated Solvents Using Zero-Valent Iron: A Field Study.” Proceedings of the 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 788–791.
Ravary, C. and Lipczynska-Kochany, E. (1995) “Abiotic Aspects of Zero-Valent Iron Induced Degradation of Aqueous Pentachlorophenol.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 738–740.
Roberts, A.L., Totten, L.A., Arnold, W.A., Burris, D.R., and Campbell, T.J. (1996) “Reductive Elimination of Chlorinated Ethylenes by Zero-Valent Metals.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30:8, 2654–2659.
Robertson, W.D. and Cherry, J.A. (1995) “In Situ Denitrification of Septic-System Nitrate Using Reactive Porous Media Barriers: Field Trials.” Ground Water, 33:1, 99–111.
Rorrer, G.L., Hsien, T.Y., and Way, J.D. (1993) “Synthesis of Porous-Magnetic Chitosan Beads for Removal of Cadmium Ions from Waste Water.” Ind. Eng. Chem., 32, 2170–2178.
Schlimm, C. and Heitz, E. (1996) “Development of Wastewater Treatment Process: Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Metals.” Environmental Progress, 15:1, 38–47.
Siantar, D.P., Schrier, C.G., and Reinhard, M. (1995) “Transformation of the Pesticide 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) and Nitrate by Iron Powder and by H2/Pd/Al2O3.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 745–748.
Shoemaker, S.H., Greiner, J.F., and Gillham, R.W. (1996), in Assessment of Barrier Containment Technologies: A Comprehensive Treatment for Environmental Remediation Applications, R.R. Rumer and J.K. Mitchell, Eds., Chapter 11: Permeable Reactive Barriers. report prepared for US DOE, US EPA, and DuPont Company.
Smith, J.A. and Jaffe, P.R. (1994) “Benzene Transport thorough Landfill Liners Containing Organophilic Bentonite.” J. Env. Engineering, ASCE, 120:6, 1559–1577.
Smith, J.A. and Jaffe, P.R. (1994) “Adsorptive Selectivity of Organic-Cation-Modified Bentonite for Nonionic Organic Contaminants.” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 72, 205–211.
Smith, J.A. and Galan, A. (1995) “Sorption of Nonionic Organic Contaminants to Single and Dual Organic Cation Bentonites from Water.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 29:3, 685–692.
Starr, R.C. and Cherry, J.A. (1994) “In Situ Remediation of Contaminated Ground Water: The Funnel-and-Gate System.” Ground Water, 32:3, 465–476.
Taylor, R.T., Hanna, M.L., Shah, N.N., Shonnard, D.R., Duba, A.G., Durham, W.B., Jackson, K.J., Knapp, R.B., Wijesinghe, A.M., Knezovich, J.P., and Jovanovich, M.C. (1993) “In situ Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Water by a Resting-Cell Methanotrophic Microbial Filter.” J. HydrologicalSciences, 38:4, 323–342.
Thomas, A.O., Drury, D.M., Norris, G., O’Hannesin, S.F., and Vogan, J.L. (1995) “The In-Situ Treatment of Trichloroethene-Contaminated Groundwater Using a Reactive Barrier—Results of Laboratory Feasibility Studies and Preliminary Design Considerations.” Contaminated Soil’ 95, W.J. van den Brink, R. Bosman, and F. Arendt, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1083–1091.
Vogan, J.L., Gillham, R.W., O’Hannesin, S.F., Matulewicz, W.H., and Rhodes, J.E. (1995) “Site Specific Degradation of VOCs in Groundwater Using Zero Valent Iron.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 800–804.
Vogan, J. and Kwicinski, L. (1996) “Iron Walls Treat Groundwater.” Pennsylvania’s Environment: Business, Technology & The Environment, 1:12, 10–11.
Weber. E.J. (1996) “Iron-Mediated Reductive Transformations: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30:2, 716–719.
Williams, M.D., Yabusaki, S.B., Cole, C.R., and Vermeul, V.R. (1994) “In-Situ Redox Manipulation Field Experiment: Design Analysis.” Thirty-Third Hanford Symposium on Health and the Environment, November 7–11, Pasco, WA, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
Yamane, C.L., Warner, S.D. Gallinati, J.D., Szerdy, F.S., Delfino, T.A., Hankins, D.A., and Vogan, J.L. (1995) “Installation of a Subsurface Groundwater Treatment Wall Composed of Granular Zero-Valent Iron.” Proceedings of 209th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 2–7, 792–795.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vidic, R.D., Pohland, F.G. (2002). In situ Groundwater Remediation Using Treatment Walls. In: Tedder, D.W., Pohland, F.G. (eds) Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46921-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46921-9_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46362-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46921-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive