Skip to main content

The Potential of Zero Charge

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ((MAOE,volume 33))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. Parsons, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and E. Yeager, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1980, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. N. Frumkin, Phil. Mag. 40 (1920) 363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Trasatti, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and E. Yeager, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1980, p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Parsons, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 1, J. O’M. Bockris, ed., Butterworths, London, 1954, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Trasatti, Pure Appl. Chem. 58 (1986) 955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Trasatti, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 10, H. Gerischer and C.W. Tobias, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1976, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Trasatti, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 13, B. E. Conway and J. O’M. Bockris, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1979, p. 81.

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. N. Frumkin, O. A. Petrii, and B. B. Damaskin, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and E. Yeager, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1980, p. 221.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. S. Perkins and T. N. Andersen, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 5, J. O.M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1969, p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Frumkin, Zero Charge Potentials, Nauka, Moscow, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. Frumkin, O. Petrii, and B. Damaskin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 27 (1970) 81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Lippmann, Pogg. Ann. Phys. 149 (1875) 54b.

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. N. Frumkin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 64 (1975) 247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. N. Frumkin and O. A. Petrii, Electrochim. Acta 20 (1975) 347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Trasatti, in Electrified Interfaces in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, R. Guidelli, ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, p. 229.

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. Parsons, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 1, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1961, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Frumkin and A. Gorodetzkaya, Z. Phys. Chem. 136 (1928) 451.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Frumkin, Phys. Z. Sov. 4 (1933) 239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. N. Frumkin, Svensk. Kem. Tidskr. 77 (1965) 300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Campanella, J. Electroanal. Chem. 28 (1970) 228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 33 (1971) 351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Frumkin, B. Damaskin, N. Grigoryev, and I. Bagotskaya, Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Hamelin, T. Vitanov, E. Sevastyanov, and A. Popov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 145 (1983) 225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Trasatti, in Trends in Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. F. Silva, ed., Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Trasatti, in Electrified Interfaces in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, R. Guidelli, ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1992, pp. 245.

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. I. Krushcheva and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 1262.

    Google Scholar 

  28. E. I. Lust, A. A.-Ya. Yanes, K. K. Lust, and Yu. I. Erlikh, Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 597.

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 52 (1974) 313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 139 (1982) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Trasatti, J. Chem. Phys. 69 (1978) 2983; Mat. Chem. Phys. 16 (1987) 157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Trasatti and L. M. Doubova, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 91 (1995) 3311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Trasatti, Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 1659.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. A. Thiel and T. E. Madey, Surf. Sci. Rep. 7 (1987) 211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. M. Heras and L. Viscido, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 30 (1988) 281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. K. Sass, D. Lackey, and J. Scott, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 1883.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. G. Pirug, C. Ritke, and H. P. Bonzel, Surf. Sci. 241 (1991) 289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.-W. He and P. R. Norton, Surf. Sci. 238 (1990) 95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. M. Kolb and W. N. Hansen, Surf. Sci. 79 (1979) 205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Z. Samec, B. W. Johnson, and K. Doblhofer, Surf. Sci. 264 (1992) 440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. E. B. Randles, Trans. Faraday Soc. 52 (1956) 1573.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. R. Farrell and P. McTigue, J. Electroanal. Chem. 139 (1982) 37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Gomer and G. Tryson, J. Chem. Phys. 66 (1977) 4413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. W. N. Hansen and C. J. Hansen, Phys. Rev. A 36 (1987) 1396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. W. N. Hansen and K. B. Johnson, Surf. Sci. 316 (1994) 373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. E. R. Kötz, H. Neff, and K. Müller, J. Electroanal Chem. 215 (1986) 331.

    Google Scholar 

  48. I. Villegas, R. Gómez, and M. J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 14832.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J. Schneider, C. Franke, and D. M. Kolb, Surf. Sci. 198 (1988) 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Z. Koczorowski, unpublished results (personal communication).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Z. Samec, B. W. Johnson, M. Cappadonia, M. Jauch, and K. Doblhofer, Sensors Actuators B 13–14 (1993) 741.

    Google Scholar 

  52. A. De Battisti and S. Trasatti, Croat. Chem. Acta 48 (1976) 607.

    Google Scholar 

  53. D. C. Grahame, E. M. Coffin, J. I. Cummings, and M. A. Poth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 1207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Y C. Chen, J. E. Cunningham, and C. P. Flynn, Phys. Rev. B 30 (1984) 7317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. F. T. Wagner, in Structure of Electrified Interfaces, J. Lipkowski and P. N. Ross, eds., VCH, New York, 1993, p. 309.

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. Krasnopoler and E. M. Stuve, Surf. Sci. 303 (1994) 355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. L.-W. H. Leung and D. W. Goodman, Langmuir 7 (1991) 493.

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  58. J. K. Sass, J. Schott, and D. Lackey, J. Electroanal. Chem. 283 (1990) 441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. L. W. Swanson and P. R. Davis, Meth. Exp. Phys. 22 (1985) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. J. E. Inglesfield, Prog. Surf. Sci. 20 (1985) 105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. T. Vitanov and A. Popov, Trans. SAEST 10 (1975) 5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. G. A. Somorjai, J. Phys. Chem. 94 (1990) 1013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. A. Hamelin, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 16, B. E. Conway, R. E. White, and J. O.M. Bockris, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1985, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  64. J. Lecoeur, J. P. Bellier, and C. Koehler, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. J. Hölzl and F. K. Schulte, Springer Tracts Mod. Phys. 65 (1979) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  66. K. Wandelt, in Thin Metal Films and Gas Chemisorption, P. Wissman, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987, p. 280.

    Google Scholar 

  67. G. Valette and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 45 (1973) 301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. N. B. Grigoryev, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 229 (1976) 647.

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. C. Riviére, in Solid State Surface Science, Vol. 1, M. Green, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969, p. 179.

    Google Scholar 

  70. A. N. Frumkin, J. Res. Inst. Catal., Hokkaido Univ. 15 (1967) 61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. R. W. Cahn, Physical Metallurgy, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  72. R. Parsons and F. G. R. Zobel, J. Electroanal. Chem. 9 (1965) 333.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. S. Trasatti and O. A. Petrii, Pure Appl. Chem. 63 (1991) 711.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. M. A. Vorotyntsev, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 17, J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and R. E. White, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1986, p. 131.

    Google Scholar 

  75. M. L. Foresti, R. Guidelli, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 346 (1993) 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 82 (1977) 391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. R. Guidelli, G. Aloisi, E. Leiva, and W. Schmickler, J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 6671.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. J. E. B. Randles and K. S. Whiteley, Trans. Faraday Soc. 52 (1956) 1509.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. J. O’M. Bockris, M. A. V. Devanathan, and K. Müller, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 274 (1963) 55.

    Google Scholar 

  80. J. R. Farrell and P. McTigue, J. Electroanal. Chem. 163 (1984) 129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 32 (1987) 843.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. B. B. Damaskin and O. A. Baturina, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 105.

    Google Scholar 

  83. J. Lawrence, R. Parsons, and R. Payne, J. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. L. I. Antropov, M. A. Gerasimenko, and Yu. S. Gerasimenko, Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 1524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. M. Bacchetta, S. Trasatti, L. Doubova, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 200 (1986) 389.

    Google Scholar 

  86. H. P. Bonzel and G. Pirug, in The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol. 6, D. A. King and D. P. Woodruff, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  87. D. E. Grider, K. Bange, and J. K. Sass, J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. K. Bange, B. Straehler, J. K. Sass, and R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 229 (1987) 87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. S. Trasatti, in Trends in Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. F. Silva, ed., Reidel, Dordrecht, 1986, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  90. S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 2137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. A. N. Frumkin, B. B. Damaskin, and A. A. Survila, 7. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 493.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. A. Daghetti, S. Trasatti, I. Zagórska, and Z. Koczorowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 129 (1981) 253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. A. Frumkin and B. Damaskin, Pure Appl. Chem. 15 (1967) 263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. N. S. Polyanovskaya and B. B. Damaskin, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 531.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. A. Daghetti, S. Trasatti, I. Zagórska, and Z. Koczorowski, Electrochim. Acta 33 (1988) 1705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. N. Frumkin and B. B. Damaskin, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 3, J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, eds., Butterworths, London, 1964, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Z. Koczorowski, S. Kurowski, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. P. Nikitas and A. Pappa-Louisi, J. Electroanal. Chem. 385 (1995) 257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. D. C. Grahame, Chem. Rev. 41 (1947) 441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. J. O’M. Bockris and S. U. M. Khan, Surface Electrochemistry. A Molecular Level Approach, Plenum Press, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  101. J. O’M. Bockris and K. Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, J. Electroanal. Chem. 68 (1976) 367.

    Google Scholar 

  103. A. N. Frumkin, N. Polianovskaya, N. Grigoryev, and I. Bagotskaya, Electrochim. Acta 10 (1965) 793.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. A. Frumkin, B. Damaskin, I. Bagotskaya, and N. Grigoryev, Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. B. B. Damaskin and O. A. Petrii, Vvedenie v elektrokhimicheskuyu kinetiku, Vyshaya Shkola, Moscow, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  106. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 64 (1975) 128; 130 (1981) 319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. R. Parsons, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 813.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Z. Borkowska, J. Electroanal. Chem. 244 (1988) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Z. Borkowska and G. Jarzabek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 353 (1993) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. W. Lorenz, Z. Phys. Chem. 218 (1961) 272.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. K. J. Vetter and J. W. Schultze, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 76 (1972) 920.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. D. C. Grahame, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 1207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. B. E. Conway, J. Electroanal. Chem. 123 (1981) 81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. B. E. Conway, Theory and Principles of Electrode Processes, Ronald Press, New York, 1965, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  115. L. Antropov, Theoretical Electrochemistry, Mir, Kiev, 1972, p. 764.

    Google Scholar 

  116. R. M. Reeves, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 10, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1974, p. 239.

    Google Scholar 

  117. J. R. Macdonald, J. Chem. Phys. 22 (1954) 1857.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. J. R. Macdonald and C. A. Barlow, J. Chem. Phys. 36 (1962) 3062.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. N. F. Mott and R. J. Watts-Tobin, Electrochim. Acta 4 (1961) 79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. I. A. Bagotskaya, in Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 23, Yu. M. Polukarov, ed., Nauka, Moscow, 1986, p. 60.

    Google Scholar 

  121. W. R. Fawcett, S. Levine, R. M. de Nobriga, and A. C. Macdonald, J. Electroanal. Chem. 111 (1980) 163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. S. Amokrane and J. P. Badiali, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 22, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1991, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  123. J. Goodisman, Electrochemistry: Theoretical Foundations, Wiley, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  124. W. Schmickler, Chem. Phys. Lett. 99 (1983) 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. M. A. Vorotyntsev, Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 21, Nauka, Moscow, 1984, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  126. M. A. Vorotyntsev and A. A. Kornyshev, Elektrokhimiya 20 (1984) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Z. Borkowska and W. R. Fawcett, Can. J. Chem. 59 (1981) 710.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. G. Gouy, J. Chim. Phys., J. Phys. et Radium 9 (1910) 457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. D. Chapman, Phil. Mag. 25 (1913) 475.

    Google Scholar 

  130. G. Gouy, Ann. Chim. Phys. 29 (1903) 145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. A. N. Frumkin, Electrocapillary Phenomena and Electrode Potentials (in Russ.), Odessa, 1919.

    Google Scholar 

  132. F. O. Koening, J. Phys. Chem. 38 (1934) 111.

    Google Scholar 

  133. S. R. Croxford, O. Gatty, and J. Philpot, Phil. Mag. 19 (1935) 965.

    Google Scholar 

  134. D. C. Grahame and R. B. Whitney, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. R. Parsons and M. A. Devanathan, Trans. Faraday Soc. 49 (1953) 404.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. P. R. Couchman and C. R. Davidson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 85 (1977) 407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. D. M. Mohilner and R. J. Beck, J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 1160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. O.J. Murphy and J. S. Wainright. Langmuir 5 (1989) 519.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  139. V. Endrašic, J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 157.

    Google Scholar 

  140. U. W. Hamm, D. Kramer, R. S. Zhai, and D. M. Kolb, J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. T. M. Andersen, R. S. Perkins, and H. Eyring, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 4496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. N. Balashova and V. E. Kazarinov, in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 3, A. Bard, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969, p. 135.

    Google Scholar 

  143. G. Horanyi, E. M. Rizmayer, and P. Joo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 154 (1983) 281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. M. Vorsina and A. N. Frumkin, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. USSR 24 (1939) 918.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. V. Voropaeva, B. Deryagin, and B. Kabanov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 128 (1959) 981.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Chen Jin-Hua, Si Shi-Hui, Nie Li-Hua, and Yao Shou Zhuo, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 689.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Chen Jin-Hua, Nie Li-Hua, and Yao Shou Zhuo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 53.

    Google Scholar 

  148. T. Agladze and A. Podobayev, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 859.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. L. Doubova and S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 785.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. G. Valette, J. Electroanal Chem. 269 (1989) 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. T. Vitanov, A. Popov, and E. S. Sevastyanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 142 (1982) 289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. E. J. Lust, K. K. Lust, and A. A.-J. Jänes, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 876.

    Google Scholar 

  153. E. Lust, A. Jänes, K. Lust, and M. Väärtnõu, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 771.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. V. V. Batrakov and B. B. Damaskin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. L. P. Khmelevaya, A. V. Chizhov, and B. B. Damaskin, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1304.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. R. Naneva, V. Bostanov. O. Popov, and T. Vitanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 274 (1989) 179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. J. Butler, J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 3817.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. C. A. Smolders and E. M. Duyvis, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 80 (1961) 635.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. V. I. Melik-Gaikazyan, V. V. Voronchikhina, and E. A. Zakharova, Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 479.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. G. Kuãera, Ann. Phys. 11 (1903) 52; 11 (1903) 698.

    Google Scholar 

  161. R. G. Barradas, F. M. Kimmerle, and E. M. L. Valeriote, J. Polarog. Soc. 13 (1967) 30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. V. G. Levich, Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (in Russ.), 2nd ed., Fizmatgiz, Moscow, 1959, p. 581.

    Google Scholar 

  163. B. E. Conway and S. Colledan, J. Electroanal. Chem. 301 (1991) 53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. L. G. M. Gordon, J. Helpern, and B. E. Conway, J. Electroanal. Chem. 21 (1969) 3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. H. Vos, J. Wiersma, and J. M. Los, J. Electroanal Chem. 52 (1974) 27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. F. Pachen, Ann. Phys. 41/42 (1890) 177; 43 (1891) 585.

    Google Scholar 

  167. D. Jenkins and R. Newcombe, Electrochim. Acta 7 (1962) 685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. A. Ya. Gokhstein, Surface Tension of Solids and Adsorption, Nauka, Moscow, 1976, p. 382.

    Google Scholar 

  169. P. R. Couchman, D. H. Ewerett, and W. A. Jesser, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 52 (1975) 410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. R. Fredlein and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf. Sci. 46 (1989) 519.

    Google Scholar 

  171. O. J. Murphy and J. S. Wainright, J. Electrochem. Soc. 135 (1988) 138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. G. Sauerbery, Z. Phys. 155 (1959) 906.

    Google Scholar 

  173. K. E. Heusler and G. Lang, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 747.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. G. Lang and K. E. Heusler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 377 (1995) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  175. L. Jaeckel, G. Lang, and K. E. Heusler, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. I. O. Efimov and K. E. Heusler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. V. G. Levich, B. I. Khaikin, and B. M. Grafov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 153 (1963) 1374.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. F. Veggini, S. Trasatti, and L. M. Doubova, J. Electroanal. Chem. 378 (1994) 125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. A. G. Zelinski and B. Ya. Pirogov, Elektrokhimiya 19 (1983) 1267.

    Google Scholar 

  180. E. Lust, A. Jänes, and K. Lust, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  181. V. V. Elkin, V. N. Alekseyev, L. L. Knots, and D. I. Leikis, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 199 (1971) 638.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. V. Ya. Mishuk, E. A. Solomatin, V. V. Elkin, and L. L. Knots, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1897.

    Google Scholar 

  183. B. Jakuszewski and Z. Kozlovski, Roczn. Chem. 36 (1962) 1873.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. B. Jakuszewski, Z. Koslovski, S. Partyka, M. Pshasnyski, and S. Romanovski, Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 804.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. J. M. Czajkowski, T. Blaszczyk, and D. Kazmierczak, Electrochim. Acta 29 (1984) 439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. J. Sokolowski, J. M. Czajkowski, and M. Turowska, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1393.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. J. Clavilier, R. Faure, G. Gainet, and R. Durand, J. Electroanal. Chem. 107 (1980) 205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. D. M. Kolb, Ber. Bunsenges Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 1175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. D. M. Kolb, in Structure of Electrified Interfaces, J. Lipkowski and P. N. Ross, eds., VCH, New York, 1993, p. 65.

    Google Scholar 

  190. D. Bode, T. Andersen, and H. Eyring, J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 792.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. T. N. Andersen, J. L. Anderson, and H. Eyring, J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 3562.

    Google Scholar 

  192. H. Noninski and E. Lazarova, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. A. G. Zelinskii and R. Yu. Bek, Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. E. M. Lazarova, Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 871.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. E. M. Lazarova, Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 868.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. V. A. Safonov, B. B. Damaskin, and M. A. Choba, Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 1432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. J. Clavilier, R. Albalat, R. Gómez, J. M. Orts, J. M. Feliu, and A. Aldaz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 330 (1992) 489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. G. A. Attard and A. Ahmadi, J. Electroanal. Chem. 389 (1995) 175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. J. O’M. Bockris and R. Parry-Jones, Nature 171 (1953) 930.

    Google Scholar 

  200. P. A. Rebinder and E. K. Wenstrom, Acta Physicochem. 19 (1944) 39.

    Google Scholar 

  201. J. O’M. Bockris and S. D. Argade, J. Chem. Phys. 50 (1969) 1622.

    Google Scholar 

  202. J. O’M. Bockris and R. Sen, Surf. Sci. 30 (1972) 232.

    Google Scholar 

  203. G. Barker, A. Gadner, and D. Sammon, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 (1966) 1182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. A. Brodsky and Yu. Gurevich, Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 1245.

    Google Scholar 

  205. A. Brodsky, Yu. Gurevich, and S. Sheberstov, J. Electroanal Chem. 20 (1971) 353.

    Google Scholar 

  206. A. Brodsky and Yu. Pleskov, in Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 2, S. Davidson, ed., Pergamon, Oxford, 1972, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  207. T. Iwasita and F. C, Nart, in Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, H. Gerisher and C. W. Tobias, eds., VCH, Weinheim, 1995, p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  208. R. Nichols, in Adsorption of Molecules at Metal Electrodes, J. Lipkowski and P. N. Ross, eds., VCH, Weinheim, 1992, p. 347.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Spectroelectrochemistry. Theory and Practice, R. J. Gale, ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  210. J. J. Calvente, N. S. Marinkovic, Z. Kovácová, and W. R. Fawcett, J. Electroanal. Chem. 421 (1997) 49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. T. Iwasita and X. Xia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 411 (1996) 95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. F. T. Wagner and T. E. Moylan, Surf. Sci. 206 (1988) 187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. M. Janda and O. Stefan, Thin Solid Films 112 (1984) 127.

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  214. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 269 (1969) 736.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. R. E. Malpas, R. A. Fredlein, and A. T. Bard, J. Electroanal. Chem. 98 (1979) 171.

    Google Scholar 

  216. R. E. Malpas, R. A. Fredlein, and A. T. Bard, J. Electroanal. Chem. 98 (1979) 339.

    Google Scholar 

  217. M. Seo, T. Makino, and N. Sato, J. Electroanal. Chem. 133 (1986) 1138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. K. M. Dickinson, K. E. Hanson, and R. A. Fredlein, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. R. C. Salvarezza and A. J. Arvia, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 28, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1995. p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  220. B. B. Damaskin and U. V. Palm, in Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 12, Yu. M. Polukarov, ed., VINITI, Moscow, 1977. p. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  221. T. I. Borissova, B. V. Ershler, and A. N. Frumkin, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 22 (1948) 925.

    Google Scholar 

  222. T. I. Borissova and B. V. Ershler, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 24 (1950) 337.

    Google Scholar 

  223. N. Hampson and D. Larkin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 933.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. D. I. Leikis, K. V. Rybalka, and E. S. Sevastyanov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, A. N. Frumkin and B. B. Damaskin, eds., Nauka, Moscow, 1972, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  225. D. Leikis, K. Rybalka, E. Sevastyanov, and A. Frumkin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 46 (1973) 161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. E. S. Sevastyanov, V. K. Chubarova, and M. N. Ter-Akopyan, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 834.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem. 33 (1961) 11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. F. G. Will and C. A. Knorr, Z. Elektrochem. 64 (1960) 258.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. M. Breiter, K. Hoffmann, and C. Knorr, Z. Elektrochem. 61 (1957) 1168.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. H. Siegenthaler and K. Jüttner, J. Electroanal. Chem. 163 (1984) 327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. V. E. Kazarinov, D. Horani, Yu. B. Vasilyev, and V. N. Andreyev, in Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 22, Yu. M. Polukarov, ed., VINITI, Moscow, 1985, p. 97.

    Google Scholar 

  232. R. H. Burshtein, Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. B. V. Tilak, C. G. Rader, and S. K. Rangarajan, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124 (1977) 1879.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. K. Micka and I. Rousar, Electrochim. Acta 32 (1987) 1387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. R. Sonnenfeld, J. Schneir, and P. K. Hansma, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 21, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1990, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  236. P. Lustenberger, H. Röhrer, R. Cristoph, and H. Siegenthaler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 243 (1988) 225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. M. P. Soriaga, D. A. Harrington, J. L. Stickney, and A. Wieckowski, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 28, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1996, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  238. L. Bai, L. Gao, and B. E. Conway, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 (1993) 235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. R. K. Schofield, Nature 160 (1974) 480.

    Google Scholar 

  240. A. Kozava, J. Electrochem. Soc. 106 (1959) 552.

    Google Scholar 

  241. S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and E. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. J. L. Lemaitre, P. G. Menon, and F. Delannay, in Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysis, F. Delannay, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  243. S. J. Cregs and K. S. W. Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, Academic Press, London, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  244. A. W. Adamson, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5th ed., Wiley, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  245. J. M. Thomas and W. J. Thomas, Introduction to the Principles of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Academic Press, London, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  246. A. J. Salkind, in Techniques of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, J. Salkind and E. Yeager, eds., Wiley, New York, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  247. A. J. Arvia and R. C. Salvarezza, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1481.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. A. Hamelin and L. Stoicoviciu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 236 (1987) 267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. A. Hamelin and L. Stoicoviciu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 271 (1989) 15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. E. Lust, K. Lust, and A. Jänes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 413 (1996) 111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. A. Hamelin, M. L. Foresti, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 346 (1993) 251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 260 (1989) 425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 255 (1988) 215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. E. J. Lust and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 1256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. E. J. Lust, K. K. Lust, and A. A.-J. Jänes, Elektrokhimiya 26 (1990) 1627.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. A. P. Korotkov, E. B. Bezlepkina, B. B. Damaskin, and E. F. Kolov, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1985) 1298.

    Google Scholar 

  257. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, J. Electroanal. Chem. 80 (1977) 101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. A. Hamelin, X. Gao, and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 323 (1992) 361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. J. Lecoeur, J. P. Bellier, and R. Cherrak, J. Electroanal. Chem. 218 (1987) 319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Yu. P. Ipatov, V. V. Batrakov, and V. V. Salaginov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. U. V. Palm, M. P. Pärnoja, and N. B. Grigoryev, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 1074.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. A. G. Zelinsky, R. Yu. Beck, A. L. Makurin, and S. D. Abdubov, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1975) 1740.

    Google Scholar 

  263. I. A. Bagotskaya, M. D. Levi, and B. B. Darnaskin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 115 (1980) 189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. M. A. Vorotyntsev, J. Electroanal. Chem. 123 (1981) 379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. E. J. Lust and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. E. J. Lust, M. A. Salve, and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 23 (1987) 561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. E. J. Lust and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 557.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. M. A. Vorotyntsev, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes. Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Etonia, 1981, p. 59.

    Google Scholar 

  269. J. R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy Emphasizing Solid Materials and Systems, Wiley, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  270. M. Sluyters-Rehbach, Pure Appl. Chem. 66 (1994) 1831.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. W. R. Fawcett, Z. Kovacova, A. J. Motheo, and C. A. Ross Jr., J. Electroanal. Chem. 326 (1992) 91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. E. S. Sevastyanov and V. K. Chubarova, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 1578.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. E. S. Sevastyanov, V. K. Chubarova, and M. N. Ter-Akopyan, Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 558.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. A. J. Motheo, J. R. Santos Jr., A. Sadkowski, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 397 (1995) 331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. T. Pajkossy, J. Electroanal. Chem. 364 (1994) 14 and references therein.

    Google Scholar 

  276. B. B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Freeman, San Francisco, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  277. L. I. Daikhin, A. A. Kornyshev, and M. A. Urbakh, Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 6192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. L. I. Daikhin, A. A. Kornyshev, and M. A. Urbakh, Proceedings of the Baltic Conference on Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1996, p. 57.

    Google Scholar 

  279. L. I. Daikhin, A. A. Kornyshev, and M. A. Urbakh, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 2853.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. S. L. Carnie and D. Y. C. Chan, J. Chem. Phys. 73 (1980) 2349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  281. L. Blum and D. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys. 74 (1981) 1902.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. L. Blum, D. Henderson, and R. Parsons, J. Electroanal Chem. 161 (1984) 389.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. W. Schmickler and D. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys. 85 (1986) 1650.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. A. A. Kornyshev and J. Ulstrup, J. Electroanal. Chem. 183 (1985) 387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. A. A. Kornyshev, J. Ulstrup, and M. A. Vorotyntsev, Thin Solid Films 75 (1981) 105.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  286. V. A. Koslov, V. S. Vilinskaya, and G. A. Tedoradze, Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 234.

    Google Scholar 

  287. D. C. Grahame, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1954) 4819.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. R. Payne, J. Electroanal. Chem. 7 (1964) 343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. D. J. Schiffrin, Trans. Faraday Soc. 67 (1971) 3318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. A. Daghetti, S. Romeo, M. Usuelli, and S. Trasatti, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 (1993) 187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. B. M. Grafov and B. B. Damaskin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 416 (1996) 25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. A. Daghetti and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 162 (1984) 327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. A. Daghetti and S. Trasatti, Can. J. Chem. 59 (1981) 1925.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Z. Borkowska, W. R. Fawcett, and S. Anantawan, J. Phys. Chem. 84 (1980) 2769.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Z. Borkowska, J. Electroanal. Chem. 79 (1977) 206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Z. Borkowska and W. R. Fawcett, Can. J. Chem. 60 (1982) 1787.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Z. Borkowska and J. Stafiej, J. Electroanal. Chem. 170 (1984) 289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  298. R. Payne, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 7, P. Delahay and C. W. Tobias, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  299. R. Parsons, Electrochim. Acta 21 (1976) 681.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. W. R. Fawcett, Israel J. Chem. 18 (1979) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. B. B. Damaskin and R. V. Ivanova, Usp. Khim. 68 (1979) 1747.

    Google Scholar 

  302. R. Parsons, Trans. Soc. Adv. Electrochem. Sci. Technol. 13 (1978) 239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. S. K. Rangarajan, Specialist Periodical Reports. Electrochemistry, Vol. 7, Chemical Society, London, 1980, p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  304. W. R. Fawcett, B. M. Ikeda, and J. G. Sellan, Can. J. Chem. 57 (1979) 2268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Huu Cuong Nguyen, A. Jenard, and H. D. Hurwitz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 103 (1979) 399.

    Google Scholar 

  306. Z. Borkowska, R. N. de Nobriga, and W. R. Fawcett, J. Electroanal. Chem. 124 (1981) 263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Z. Borkowska and J. Stafiej, J. Electroanal. Chem. 226 (1987) 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. D. C. Grahame, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 2093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. B. B. Damaskin and Yu. M. Povarov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 140 (1961) 394.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. W. R. Fawcett and O. R. Loutfy, J. Electroanal Chem. 39 (1972) 185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 59 (1975) 229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. W. R. Fawcett, J. Phys. Chem. 82 (1978) 1385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Z. Borkowska and W. R. Fawcett, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1092.

    Google Scholar 

  314. W. R. Fawcett and R. N. de Nobriga, J. Phys. Chem. 80 (1982) 371.

    Google Scholar 

  315. R. Payne, J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 1548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. G. J. Hills and R. M. Reeves, J. Electroanal. Chem. 41 (1973) 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. W.R. Fawcett and Z. Borkowska, J. Phys. Chem. 87 (1983) 4861.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. J. A. Harrison, J. E. B. Randies, and D. J. Schiffrin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 48 (1973) 359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. N. H. Cuong, C. V. D’Alkaine, A. Jennard, and D. H. Hurwitz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 51 (1974) 377.

    Google Scholar 

  320. W. R. Fawcett, R. C. Rocha Filho, and L. Doubova, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 87 (1991) 2967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. W. R. Fawcett and R. C. Rocha Filho, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 88 (1992) 1143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. L. Blum and W. R. Fawcett, J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 408.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. E. N. Protskaya, V M, Gerovich, B. B. Damaskin, V. Ya. Rosolovskii, and D. O. Lemesheva, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 526.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. V. A. Chagelishvili, J. I. Japaridze, and B. B. Damaskin, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 1300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. J. I. Japaridze, V. A. Chagelishvili, and Zh. A. Khutzishvili, Elektrokhimiya 23 (1987) 1342.

    Google Scholar 

  326. J. I. Japaridze, Zh. A. Khutzishvili, V. A. Chagelishvili, G. Borghesani, A. De. Battisti, C. Locatelli, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 257 (1988) 123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  327. W. R. Fawcett and M. D. Mackey, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 69 (1973) 634.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. E. Wilhelm and R. Battino, J. Chem. Phys. 55 (1971) 4012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. R. Guidelli, J. Chem. Phys. 92 (1990) 6152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. I. Nikitas, Can. J. Chem. 64 (1986) 1286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. I. Zagórska, Z. Koczorowski, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 366 (1994) 211.

    Google Scholar 

  332. C. M. Criss and M. Salomon, in Physical Chemistry of Organic Solvent Systems, A. K. Covington, and T. Dickinson, eds., Plenum Press, New York 1973, p. 286.

    Google Scholar 

  333. M. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, J. Electroanal. Chem. 119 (1981) 275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. T. Blaszczyk, B. Jakuszewski, and J. M. Czajkowski, Electrochim. Acta 28 (1983) 675.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. R. Meynczyk, Z. Figaszewski, and Z. Koczorowski, Pol. J. Chem. 57 (1983) 1011.

    Google Scholar 

  336. A. Frumkin, I. Bagotskaya, and N. Grigoryev, Z. Phys. Chem. N.F. 98 (1975) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. M. D. Levi, A. V. Slepakov, B. B. Damaskin, and I. A. Bagotskaya, J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. I. A. Bagotskaya, V. V. Yemets, V. G. Boitsov, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. G. Pezzatini, M. R. Moncelli, M. L. Foresti, F. Pergola, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 196 (1985) 429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. G. Pezzatini, M. L. Foresti, M. Innocenti, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. M. Innocenti, G. Pezzatini, M. L. Foresti, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 349 (1993) 113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. J. N. Butler and M. L. Meehan, J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 3582.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. T. S. Horanyi and M. Takas, J. Electroanal. Chem. 215 (1986) 83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. L. Doubova, A. De Battisti, and S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 881.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. I. A. Bagotskaya and A. V Shlepakov, Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. I. A. Bagotskaya and V. E. Kazarinov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. N. B. Grigoryev, S. A. Fateev, and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1525.

    Google Scholar 

  348. N. B. Grigoryev, I. A. Gedvillo, and N. G. Bardina, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 409.

    Google Scholar 

  349. N. B. Grigoryev and V. A. Bulavka, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1103.

    Google Scholar 

  350. N. B. Grigoryev, V. A. Bulavka, and Yu. M. Loshkaryev, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1404.

    Google Scholar 

  351. S. Amokrane, J. Electroanal. Chem. 361 (1993) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. I. A. Bagotskaya, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. V. V. Emets, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 117.

    Google Scholar 

  354. V. V. Emets, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 787.

    Google Scholar 

  355. V. V. Emets, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 1146.

    Google Scholar 

  356. B. B. Damaskin and V. A. Safonov, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. I. A. Bagotskaya, S. A. Fateyev, N. B. Grigoryev, and A. N. Frumkin, Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1676.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. I. A. Bagotskaya and A. M. Kalyuzhnaya, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1043.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. I. A. Bagotskaya and L. M. Dubova, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1373.

    Google Scholar 

  360. I. A. Bagotskaya and L. M. Dubova, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1264.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. I. A. Bagotskaya V. V. Emets, V. G. Boitsov, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 1145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. V. V. Emets, V. E. Kazarinov, and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 1157.

    Google Scholar 

  363. V. V. Emets, Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 1183.

    Google Scholar 

  364. V. V. Emets, Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 1189.

    Google Scholar 

  365. V. V. Emets, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 1104.

    Google Scholar 

  366. D. I. Leilas, Dokl. Akad Nauk SSSR 135 (1960) 1429.

    Google Scholar 

  367. G. Valette, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 275 (1972) 167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. G. Valette, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 274 (1972) 2046.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. A. G. Zelinsky and R. Yu. Beck, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1825.

    Google Scholar 

  370. E. S. Sevastyanov, M. N. Ter-Akopyan, and V. K. Chubarova, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. L. M. Doubova, S. Trasatti, and S. Valcher, 7. Electroanal. Chem. 349 (1993) 187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Q. X. Zha, Introduction of Electrode Process Kinetics, 2nd ed., Science Press, Beijing, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  373. J. O’M. Bockris, S. D. Argade, and E. Gileadi, Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1259.

    Google Scholar 

  374. R. L. Sobocinski and J. E. Pemberton, Langmuir 6 (1990) 43.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  375. R. L. Sobocinski and J. E. Pemberton, Langmuir 8 (1992) 2049.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  376. S. L. Joa and J. E. Pemberton, Langmuir 8 (1992) 2301.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  377. J. E. Pemberton, S. L. Joa, A. Shen, and K. J. Woelfel, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. R. Truu, P. Kippasto, and E. Lust, Proc. Baltic Conf. on Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1996, p.232.

    Google Scholar 

  379. E. Sevastyanov and T. Vitanov, Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. E. S. Sevastyanov, T. Vitanov, and A. Popov, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 412.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. T. Vitanov, A. Popov, and E. Budevski, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. T. Vitanov, A. Popov, and E. S. Sevastyanov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 582.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. T. Vitanov and A. Popov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 226 (1976) 373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. T. Vitanov and A. Popov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 159 (1983) 437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. A. Popov, O. Velev, T. Vitanov, and D. Tonchev, J. Electroanal Chem. 257 (1988) 95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. A. Hamelin, Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 1413.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. A. Hamelin and G. Valette, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 269 (1969) 1020.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. G. Valette and A. Hamelin, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 272 (1971) 602.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. G. Valette and A. Hamelin. Compt. Rend., Ser. C 279 (1974) 295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 122 (1981) 285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 178 (1984) 179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 244 (1987) 285.

    Google Scholar 

  394. A. Hamelin, in Trends in Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. F. Silva, ed., Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1986, p. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  395. A. Hamelin, L. Doubova, D. Wagner, and H. Schirmer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 220 (1987) 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. M. Bacchetta, A. Francesconi, L. Doubova, A. Hamelin, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 218 (1987) 355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. A. Popov, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 551.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 132 (1982) 311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. A. Hamelin, L. Stoicoviciu, L. Doubova, and S. Trasatti, Surf. Sci. 201 (1988) L 498.

    Google Scholar 

  400. A. Hamelin, L. Doubova, L. Stoicoviciu, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 244 (1988) 133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. L. Doubova, A. Hamelin, L. Stoicoviciu, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 325 (1992) 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 230 (1987) 189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. M. Lopez, J. R. Vilche, and A. I. Arvia, J. Electwanal. Chem. 162 (1984) 207.

    Google Scholar 

  404. G. Valette, A. Hamelin, and R. Parsons, Z. Phys. Chem. 113 (1978) 71.

    Google Scholar 

  405. R. Waser and K. G. Weil, J. Electroanal. Chem. 150 (1983) 89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. B. Wichman, J. P. van der Eerden, H. Meekes, and J. Gerritsen, Electrochim. Acta 32 (1992) 2331.

    Google Scholar 

  407. J.-S. Chen, T. M. Devine, D. F. Ogletree, and M. Salmeron, Surf. Sci. 258 (1991) 346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. S. Trasatti, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 170 (1974) 1752.

    Google Scholar 

  409. S. Trasatti, Electrochim. Acta 28 (1983) 1083.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. S. Trasatti, Mater. Chem. Phys. 12 (1985) 507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. S. Trasatti, Croat. Chem. Acta 60 (1987) 357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 172 (1984) 27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. S. Trasatti, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 777.

    Google Scholar 

  415. R. Adzic, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 21, R. E. White, J. O’M. Bockris, and B. E. Conway, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1990, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  416. P. N. Ross, in Structure of Electrified Interfaces, J. Lipkowski, and P. N. Ross, eds., VCH, New York, 1992, p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  417. S. Amokrane and J. P. Badiali, J. Electroanal. Chem. 266 (1989) 21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. S. Amokrane, V. Russier, and J. P. Badiali, Surf. Sci. 210 (1989) 251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. R. Christoph, H. Siegenthaler, H. Rohrer, and H. Wiese, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  420. M. Hottenhues, M. Mickers, J. Gerritzen, and J. P. van der Eerden, Surf. Sci. 206 (1989) 259.

    Google Scholar 

  421. J. P. van der Eerden, M. Mickers, J. Gerritzen, and M. Hottenhues, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1141.

    Google Scholar 

  422. V. Bostanov and W. Obretenov, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  423. M. Höptner, W. Obretenov, K. Jüttner, W. J. Lorenz, G. Staikov, V. Bostanov, and E. Budevski, Surf. Sci. 248 (1991) 225.

    Google Scholar 

  424. W. Obretenov, M. Höptner, W. J. Lorenz, E. Budevski, G. Staikov, and H. Siegenthaler, Surf. Sci. 271 (1992) 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. R. R. Adzic, M. E. Hanson, and E. B. Yeager, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131 (1984) 1730.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. E. B. Budevski, in Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 7, B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, E. Yeager, S. U. M. Khan, and R. E. White, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 339.

    Google Scholar 

  427. V. Bostanov, A. Kotzeva, and E. Budevski, Bull. Inst. Chem. Phys., Bulg. Acad. Sci. 6 (1967) 33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. E. Budevski, V. Bostanov, T. Vitanov, Z. Stoynov, A. Kotzeva, and R. Kaischev, Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 1697.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. R. De Levie, J. Electroanal. Chem. 280 (1990) 179.

    Google Scholar 

  430. E. Budevski, V. Bostanov, and G. Staikov, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 10 (1980) 85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. E. Leiva and W. Schmickler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 205 (1986) 323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. E. Leiva and W. Schmickler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 229 (1987) 39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. J. P. Badiali, M. L. Rosinberg, and J. Goodisman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 130 (1981) 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. J. P. Badiali, M. L. Rosinberg, and J. Goodisman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 143 (1983) 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  435. W. Schmickler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 150 (1983) 19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. A. A. Komyshev, M. B. Partensk, and W. Schmickler, Z. Naturforsch 39a (1984) 1122.

    Google Scholar 

  437. W. Schmickler and D. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys. 80 (1984) 3381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. D. Henderson and W. Schmickler, J. Chem. Phys. 82 (1985) 2825.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. An. Kuznetsov and J. Reinhold, Z. Phys. Chem. 267 (1986) 824.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. An. M. Kuznetsov, R. R. Nazmutdinov, and M. S. Shapnik, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  441. A. Ignaczak and J. A. N. F. Gomes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 420 (1997) 209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. R. R. Nazmutdinov and M. S. Shapnik, Electrochim. Acta 41 (1996) 2253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. M. L. Foresti, M. Innocenti, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  444. L. M. Doubova, S. Valcher, and S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal Chem. 376 (1994) 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  445. T. Vitanov and A. Popov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. A. Popov, O. Velev, and T. Vitanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 256 (1988) 405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. T. Vitanov, A. Popov, M. Ter-Akopyan, and E. Sevastyanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 171 (1984) 331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. M. Klaua and T. E. Madey, Surf. Sci. 136 (1984) L 42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. F. Silva, M. J. Sottomayor, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 294 (1990) 239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  450. F. Silva, M. J. Sottomayor, and A. Martins, J. Electroanal. Chem. 360 (1993) 199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  451. F. Silva, M. J. Sottomayor, and A. Martins, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3693.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  452. D. M. Kolb and C. Franke, Appl. Phys. A 49 (1989) 373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  453. C. Franke, G. Piazza, and D. M. Kolb, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1984) 67.

    Google Scholar 

  454. G. C. Aers and H. E. Inglesfield. Surf. Sci. 217 (1989) 367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. R. Kötz, D. M. Kolb, and J. K. Sass, Surf. Sci. 69 (1977) 359.

    Google Scholar 

  456. G. L. Richmond, H. M. Rojhantalab, J. M. Robinson, and V. L. Channon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4 (1987) 228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. F. Chao, M. Costa, J. Lecoeur, and J. P. Bellick, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  458. F. Chao, M. Costa, and J. Lecoeur, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 1839.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  459. F. Chao, M. Costa, and A. Tadjeddine, J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  460. M. Petit, C. Nguyen Van Huong, and J. Clavilier, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 266 (1968) 300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 267 (1968) 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  462. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 270 (1970) 982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 273 (1971) 902.

    Google Scholar 

  464. C. Nguyen Van Huong and J. Clavilier, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 273 (1971) 1404.

    Google Scholar 

  465. J. Clavilier and C. Nguyen Van Huong, J. Electroanal. Chem. 41 (1973) 193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. C. Nguyen Van Huong, J. Clavilier, and M. Bonnemay, J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 531.

    Google Scholar 

  467. C. Nguyen Van Huong, C. Hinnen, J. P. Dalbera, and R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 125 (1981) 177.

    Google Scholar 

  468. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 165 (1984) 167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. A. Hamelin, A. Katayama, G. Picq, and P. Vennereau, J. Electroanal. Chem. 113 (1980) 293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  470. A. Hamelin, in Nanoscale Probes of the Solid/Liquid Interface, A. G. Gewirth and H. Siegenthaler, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995, p. 285.

    Google Scholar 

  471. R. Yu. Beck, N. V. Makurin, and A. G. Zelinsky, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1607.

    Google Scholar 

  472. A. G. Zelinsky and R. Yu. Beck, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 39.

    Google Scholar 

  473. S. D. Abdulov, A. G. Zelinsky, and R. Yu. Beck, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 655.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. A. G. Zelinsky and B. P. Tolochko, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 139.

    Google Scholar 

  475. S. Romanovski and G. Sholl, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1184.

    Google Scholar 

  476. G. Jarzabek and Z. Borkowska, J. Electroanal. Chem. 226 (1987) 295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. G. Jarzabek and Z. Borkowska, in Electrocatalysis, P. Novac, A. Pomianowski, and J. Sobkowski, eds., P. A. N., Krakow, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  478. E. V. Petyarv and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 814.

    Google Scholar 

  479. A. Yu. Alekseyeva, V. A. Safonov, and O. A. Petrii, Elektrokhimiya 20 (1984) 945.

    Google Scholar 

  480. Z. Borkowska and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 241 (1988) 373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  481. D. Dickertman, F. D. Koppitz, and J. W. Schultze, Electrochim. Acta 21 (1986) 967.

    Google Scholar 

  482. I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  483. E. Petyarv and U. Palm, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 4th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 242.

    Google Scholar 

  484. C. Nguyen Van Huong, J. Electroanal. Chem. 194 (1985) 131.

    Google Scholar 

  485. M. Brzostowska-Smolska and S. Minc, Pol. J. Chem. 106 (1983) 1005.

    Google Scholar 

  486. H. D. Hurwitz, J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  487. E. Dutkiewic and R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 11 (1966) 100.

    Google Scholar 

  488. X. Gao, G. J. Edens, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Surf. Sci. 318 (1994) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 142 (1982) 299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. D. M. Kolb and J. Schneider, Surf. Sci. 162 (1985) 764.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  491. D. M. Kolb and J. Schneider, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 929.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  492. A. Hamelin, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  493. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal Chem. 210 (1986) 303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  494. A. Hamelin, L. S. Stoicoviciu, and F. Silva, J. Electroanal. Chem. 229 (1987) 107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  495. A. Hamelin and S. Rottgermann, Electrochim. Acta 32 (1987) 723.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  496. H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, B. E. Conway, A. Hamelin, and L. Stoicoviciu, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 1051.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  497. A. Hamelin S. Rottgermann, and W. Schmickler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 230 (1987) 281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. A. Hamelin and L. Stoicoviciu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 234 (1987) 93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. E. Dutkiewicz, P. Skoluda, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 248 (1988) 209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. E. Dutkiewicz, P. Skoluda, and A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 240 (1988) 291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 255 (1988) 281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  502. F. Silva, C. Moura, and A. Hamelin, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1665.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. A. Hamelin, S. Morin, J. Richer, and J. Lipkowski. J. Electroanal Chem. 272 (1984) 241.

    Google Scholar 

  504. X. Gao, G. J. Edens, and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  505. A. Hamelin and J. Lecoeur, Surf. Sci. 57 (1976) 771.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. F. Silva, M. J. Sottomayor, A. Hamelin, and L. Stoicoviciu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. X. Gao, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Phys. Rev. B 44 (1991) 10983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. X. Gao, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 618.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  509. X. Gao, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, J. Chem. Phys. 95 (1991) 6993.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  510. X. Gao, S.C. Chang, X. Jiang, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, J. Vac. Sci. Techn. A 10 (1992) 2997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  511. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  512. B. M. Ocko, G. Helgesen, B. Schardt, J. Wang, and A. Hamelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 3350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. X. Gao, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Phys. Rev. B 46, (1992) 7096.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  514. X. Gao, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Surf. Sci. Lett. 274 (1992) L 588.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  515. S. Strbac, A. Hamelin, and R. R. Adzic, J. Electroanal. Chem. 362 (1993) 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  516. X. Gao, G. J. Edens, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, Surf. Sci. 296 (1993) 333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  517. A. Hamelin, L. Stoicoviciu, G. J. Edens, X. Gao, and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 365 (1994) 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  518. W. R. Fawcett, M. Fedurco, and Z. Kovácová, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (1994) L 30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  519. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 386 (1995) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. A. Hamelin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  521. A. Hamelin and A. M. Martins, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  522. J. Wang, B. M. Ocko, A. J. Davenport, and H. S. Isaacs, Phys. Rev. B 46 (1992) 10321.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  523. B. M. Ocko, D. M. Magnussen, R. R. Adzic, J. X. Wang, Z. Shi, and J. Lipkowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  524. B. Pettinger, J. Lipkowski, and S. Mirwald, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  525. I. M. Tidswell, N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993) 16542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  526. K. M. Robinson and W. E. O’Grady, Rev. Sci. Inst. 64 (1993) 1061.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  527. J. Wang, G. M. Watson, and B. M. Ocko, Physica A 200 (1993) 751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  528. J. J. Calvente, Z. Kováèová, R. Andreu, and W. R. Fawcett, J. Electroanal. Chem. 401 (1996) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  529. M. A. van Hove, R. J. Koestner, P. C. Stair, J. P. Siberian, L. L. Kesmodel, I. Bartos, and C. A. Somorjai, Surf. Sci. 103 (1981) 189.

    Google Scholar 

  530. G. A. Somorjai and M. A. van Hove, Prog. Surf. Sci. 30 (1989) 201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. K. Takayanagi, Ultramicroscopy 8 (1982) 145.

    Article  CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  532. A. T. Hubbard, Chem. Rev. 88 (1988) 633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  533. G. Binning, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and E Weibel, Surf. Sci. 131 (1983) L 379.

    Google Scholar 

  534. G. A. Somorjai, Chemistry in Two Dimensions: Surfaces, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  535. V. Heine and L. D. Marks, J. Electron Spectrosc. 38 (1986) 229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  536. C. L. Fuanel and K. M. Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (1989) 1617.

    Google Scholar 

  537. D. M. Kolb, Prog. Surf. Sci. 51 (1996) 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. B. M. Ocko and J. Wang, in Synchroton Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendcres, and A. Tadjeddine, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1994, p. 127.

    Google Scholar 

  539. B. M. Ocko, G. M. Watson, and J. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  540. B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, J. X. Wang, and R. R. Adzic, in Nanoscale Probes of the Solid/Liquid Interface, A. A. Gewirth and H. Siegenthaler, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  541. D. M. Kolb, A. S. Dakkouri, and N. Batina, in Nanoscale Probes of the Solid/Liquid Interface, A. A. Gewirth, and H. Siegenthaler, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995, p. 263.

    Google Scholar 

  542. X. Gao, G. J. Edens, Fon-Chen Liu, A. Hamelin, and M. J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 8086.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  543. A. Friedrich, B. Pettinger, D. M. Kolb, G. Lüpke, R. Steinhoff, and G. Marowsky, Chem. Phys. Lett. 163 (1989) 123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  544. N. Batina, A. S. Dakkouri, and D. M. Kolb. J. Electroanal. Chem. 370 (1994) 967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  545. O. M. Magnussen, J. Hotlos, R. J. Behm, N. Batina, and D. M. Kolb, Surf. Sci. 296 (1993) 310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  546. D. M. Kolb, G. Lehmpfuhl, and M. S. Zei, J. Electroanal. Chem. 179 (1984) 289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  547. J. Scheneider and D. M. Kolb, Surf. Sci. 193 (1988) 579.

    Google Scholar 

  548. R. R. Adzic, A. V. Tripkovic, and N. M. Markovic. J. Electroanal. Chem. 150 (1983) 79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. A. Hamelin, M. J. Sottomayor, F. Silva, Si Shung Cang, and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  550. R. C. Newman and G. T. Burstein, J. Electroanal. Chem. 129 (1981) 343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  551. H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, B. E. Conway, B. Barnett, and J. Mozota, J. Electroanal. Chem. 100 (1979) 185.

    Google Scholar 

  552. C. Nguyen Van Huong, C. Hinnen, and J. Lecoeur, J. Electroanal. Chem. 106 (1980) 185.

    Google Scholar 

  553. J. Desilvestro and M. J. Weaver, J. Electroanal. Chem. 209 (1986) 377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, B. E. Conway, A. Hamelin, and L. S. Stoicoviciu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 228 (1987) 429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. Z. Borkowska and U. Stimming, J. Electroanal. Chem. 312 (1991) 237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  556. A. Hamelin and P. Dechy, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 276 (1973) 33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  557. A. Hamelin and J. P. Bellier, Compt. Rend., Ser. C 279 (1974) 371.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. A. Hamelin, S. Morin, J. Richer, and J. Lipkowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 285 (1991) 249 Appendix.

    Google Scholar 

  559. H. Ibach, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12 (1994) 267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  560. W. Haiss and J. K. Sass, J. Electroanal. Chem. 386 (1995) 267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  561. A. Hamelin, L. Stoicoviciu, and F. Silva, J. Electroanal. Chem. 236 (1987) 283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  562. J. Lecoeur, J. Andro, and R. Parsons, Surf. Sci. 114 (1982) 320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  563. R. Smoluchowski, Phys. Rev. 60 (1941) 661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  564. J. Lecoeur, J. P. Bellier, and C. Koelher, J. Electroanal. Chem. 337 (1992) 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  565. J. Lecoeur, J. P. Bellier, and C. Koehler, J. Electroanal. Chem. 375 (1994) 117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  566. A. A. Kornyshev and I. Vilfan, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  567. L. Ya. Egorov and I. M. Novosel’ski, Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 521; 6 (1970) 869.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. L. Ya. Egorov and I. M. Novosel’ski, Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. D. Armstrong, N. A. Hampson, and R. J. Latham, J. Electroanal. Chem. 23 (1969) 361.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  570. V. V. Batrakov, Yu. Dittrich, and A. Popov, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 640.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. I.M. Novosel’ski, N. I. Konevskih, and L. Ya. Egorov, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1480.

    Google Scholar 

  572. I. M. Novosel’ski, N. I. Konevskih, and L. Ya. Egorov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 3rd Symp.,, Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1972, p. 195.

    Google Scholar 

  573. G. J. Clark, T. N. Andersen, R. S. Valentine, and A. Eyring, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 618.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  574. M. A. Evseeva G. A. Kitaev, and O. S. Lebedeva, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp.,, Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 131.

    Google Scholar 

  575. I. M. Novosel’ski, N. I. Maksimyuk, and L. Ya. Egorov, Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1518.

    Google Scholar 

  576. N. I. Maksimyuk and L. Ya. Egorov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  577. V. V. Batrakov and H. Hennig, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. N. I. Maksimyuk, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 5th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1978, p. 148.

    Google Scholar 

  579. H. Hennig and V. V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1833.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  580. N. I. Maksimyuk and I. M. Novosel’ski, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 233.

    Google Scholar 

  581. J. Lecoeur and J. P. Bellier, Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 1027.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  582. G. V. Korshin, Ph. D. Thesis, Kazan Stale Technological University, Kazan, SSSR 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  583. E. Lazarova and Ts. Nikolov, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 121.

    Google Scholar 

  584. L. M. Rice-Jackson, G. Horanyi, and A. Wieckowski, Electmchim. Acta 36 (1991) 753.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  585. G. M. Brown and A. Hope, J. Electroanal. Chem. 382 (1995) 179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  586. M. Turowska and J. Sokolowski, Elektrokhimiya 28 (1992) 298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  587. R. O. Loutfy, Electrochim. Acta 18 (1973) 227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  588. V. I. Naumov, T. V. Sazontéva, and Yu. M. Tyurin, Electrokhimiya 24 (1988) 1455.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  589. D. N. Staikopolus, J. Electrochem. Soc. 108 (1961) 900.

    Google Scholar 

  590. M. L. Foresti, G. Pezzatini, and M. Innocent, J. Electroanal. Chem. 434 (1997) 191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  591. B. B Damaskin and V V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  592. E. J. Lust, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  593. S. Romanowski, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 1612; 25 (1989) 945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  594. H. Niehus, Surf. Sci. 130 (1983) 41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  595. E. K. L. Wong, K. A. Friedrich, J. M. Robinson, R. A. Bradley, and G. L. Richmond, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 10 (1992) 2985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  596. B. J. Cruickshank, D. D. Sneddon, and A. A. Gewirth, Surf. Sci. Lett. 281 (1993) L 308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  597. J. R. LaGraff and A. A. Gewirth, in Nanoscale Probes of the Solid/Liquid Interface, A. A. Gewirth and H. Siegenthaler, eds., KJuwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1995, p. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  598. I. Villegas, C. B. Enters, and J. L. Stickney, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 3143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  599. M. Pourbaix, Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions, Pergamon, Oxford, 1966, p. 384.

    Google Scholar 

  600. F. Besenbachek and J. K. Norskov, Prog. Surf. Sci. 44 (1993) 5.

    Google Scholar 

  601. S. Hartinger and K. Doblhofer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 380 (1995) 185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  602. G. Horanyi, J. Electroanal. Chem. 55 (1974) 287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  603. K. V. Rybalka and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  604. K. V. Rybalka, Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  605. N. B. Grigoryev and D. N. Machavaariani, Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 89.

    Google Scholar 

  606. J. P. Carr, N. A. Hampson, S. N. Holley, and R. Taylor, J. Eltctroanal. Chem. 32 (1971) 345.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  607. L. P. Khmelevaya, A.V. Chizhov, B. B. Damaskin, and T. I. Vainbiat, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 257.

    Google Scholar 

  608. L. P. Khmelevaya, B. B. Damaskin, and A. I. Sidnin, Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  609. T. H. Pütsepp, V. E. Past and U. V. Palm, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tutu, Estonia 1981, p. 297.

    Google Scholar 

  610. V.Ya Ya. Mishuk, E.A. Solomatin, and V. V. Elkin, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1135.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  611. E. S. Sevastyanov, V. K. Chubarova, N. A. Morozova, and E. V. Pekar, Elektrokhimiya 28 (1992) 720.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  612. Z. N. Ushakova and V. F. Ivanov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

  613. Z. N. Ushakova and V.F. Ivanov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  614. V. A. Panin, K.V. Rybalka, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1507.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  615. K. V. Rybalka and V. A. Panin, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 3rd Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1972, p. 217.

    Google Scholar 

  616. Z. N. Ushakova and V. F. Ivanov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1972) 1880.

    Google Scholar 

  617. N. A. Hampson and D. Larkin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 612.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  618. F. I. Danilov, V. V. Orlenko, and R. D. Sukhomlin, Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 634.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  619. V. Ya. Bartenev, E. S. Sevastyanov, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 1868.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  620. T. Erlikh, Yu. Kukk, and V. Past, Trans. Tartu Univ. 289 (1971) 9.

    Google Scholar 

  621. N. B. Grigoryev, V. P. Kuprin, and Yu. M. Loshkarev, Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1842.

    Google Scholar 

  622. V. P. Kuprin, N. B. Grigoryev, Yu. M. Loshkarev, and R.V. Malaya, Eleklrokhimiya 11 (1975) 638.

    Google Scholar 

  623. V. P. Kuprin and N. B. Grigoryev, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  624. V. Ya. Bartenev, Phd. Thesis, Moscow State University, Moscow, 1969, p. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  625. L. P. Khmelevaya and B. B. Damaskin, Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 1721; L. P. Khmelevaya, Thesis, Moscow State University, Moscow, 1982, p. 4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  626. V. L. Heyfets and B. S. Krassikov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 109 (1956) 586.

    Google Scholar 

  627. P. Caswell, N.A. Hampson, and D. Larkin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 20 (1964) 335.

    Google Scholar 

  628. A. Marshall and N.A. Hampson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 53 (1974) 133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  629. V. V. Batrakov and A. I. Sidnin, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  630. B. Krasikov and V. Sisoeva, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 114 (1957) 826.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  631. Tza Chuan-Sin and Z. lofa, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 131 (1960) 137.

    Google Scholar 

  632. A. I. Danilov, V. Batrakov, and V. A. Safonov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  633. A. N. Frumkin, V. V Batrakov, and A. I. Sidnin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 225.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  634. V. V. Batrakov, B. B. Damaskin, and Yu.P. Ipatov,Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 144.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  635. V. V Batrakov and A. I. Sidnin, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 743.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  636. V. V. Batrakov, A. N. Frumkin, and A.I. Sidnin, Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  637. V. V. Batrakov and A. I. Sidnin, Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1757.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  638. Yu. P. Ipatov and V. V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1717.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  639. Yu. P. Ipatov and V. V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 624.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  640. Yu. P. Ipatov and V. V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 630.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  641. V. Ya. Bartenev, E. S. Sevastyanov, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1491.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  642. V. Ya. Bartenev, E.S. Sevastyanov, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  643. D. I. Leikis, V. A. Panin, and K. V. Rybalka. J. Electroanal. Chem. 40 (1972) 9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  644. N. A. Hampson and R. Latham, J. Electroanal. Chem. 34 (1972) 247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  645. V. A. Panin, D. I. Leikis, and L. A. L’vova, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 280.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  646. G. V. Pankina, D. I. Leikis, and E. S. Sevastyanov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  647. V. Ya. Bartenev, E. S. Sevastyanov, and D. I. Leikis, Eleklrokhimiya 4 (1968) 745.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  648. A. V Shlepakov and E. S. Sevastyanov, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  649. V. B. Obrastsov, Yu. A. Partenov, and F. I. Danilov, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 980.

    Google Scholar 

  650. V. B. Obrastsov, Yu. A. Partenov, and F. I. Danilov, Elektrokhimiya 29 (1993) 699.

    Google Scholar 

  651. V. A. Panin, K. V. Rybalka, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 310.

    Google Scholar 

  652. K. V. Rybalka and V. A. Panin, Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  653. D. Leikis, V. Panin, and K. Rybalka, J. Electroanal. Chem. 40 (1972) 9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  654. N. B. Grigoryev, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes. Proc. 4th Symp., Tartu University, Press Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  655. E. S. Sevastyanov, V. K. Chubarova, and M. N. Ter-Akopyan, Elektrokhimiya 26 (1990) 586.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  656. J. P. G. Farr and N. A. Hampson, Trans. Faraday Soc. 62 (1966) 3494.

    Google Scholar 

  657. D. I. Leikis and B. N. Kabanov, Trans. Institut Fiz Khimii AN SSSR 2 (1957) 5.

    Google Scholar 

  658. G.O. Karbasov, K. T. Tikhonov, and P. M. Vyacbeslavov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  659. K. I. Tikhonov, B. G. Karbasov, B. A. Ravdel, and A. L. Rotinyan, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 330.

    Google Scholar 

  660. G. I. Ikrannikova, V. A. Golovin, and G. A. Dobrenkov, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 1683.

    Google Scholar 

  661. V. A. Golovin, L.T. Guseva, and G.I. Ikrannikova, Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Vol. VI, 1981, p. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  662. W. H. Moulder and J. H. Sluyters, Electrochim, Acta 33 (1988) 313.

    Google Scholar 

  663. I. A. Abdullin, V. A. Golovin, and N. V. Gudin, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 2nd Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia 1970, p. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  664. R. Naneva, T. Vitanov, N. Dimitrov, V. Bostanov, and A. Popov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 328 (1992) 287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  665. R. Naneva, N. Dimitrov, A. Popov, T. Vitanov, and V. Bostanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 362 (1993) 281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  666. A. Popov, N. Dimitrov, R. Naneva, and T. Vitanov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  667. B. B. Damaskin, J. Electroanal. Chem. 75 (1977) 359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  668. E. Lust and J. Ehrlich, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 9th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1991, p. 112.

    Google Scholar 

  669. E. Lust, A. Jänes, K. Lust, and M. Salve, Trans. Tartu Univ. 966 (1993) 63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  670. U. V. Palm, V. E. Past, and R. J. Pullerits, Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 604.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  671. U. Palm, V. Past, and R. Pullerits, Trans. Tartu Univ. 219 (1968) 63.

    Google Scholar 

  672. K. Palts, U. Palm, V. Past, and R. Pullerits, Trans. Tartu Univ. 235 (1969) 57.

    Google Scholar 

  673. K. Palts, U. Palm, V. Past, and R. Pullerits, Trans. Tartu Univ. 235 (1969) 64.

    Google Scholar 

  674. M. Salve and U. Palm, Trans. Tartu Univ. 322 (1974) 71.

    Google Scholar 

  675. U. Palm and V. Past, Usp. Khim. 44 (1975) 2035.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  676. B. B. Damaskin, U. V. Palm, and M. A. Salve, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  677. B. B. Damaskin and A. N. Frumkin. Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  678. A. S. Bluvstein, N. V. Syrchina, G. N. Marsurov, A. Z. Zaindenberg, A. M. Brodsky, A. M. Skundin, and O. A. Petrii, J. Electmanal. Chem. 260 (1989) 25.

    Google Scholar 

  679. V. Ya. Mishuk, M. A. Amatunov, and V. V. Elkin, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 1176.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  680. V. Ya. Mishuk, V. V. Elkin, and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 945.

    Google Scholar 

  681. E. Petyarv, K. Kolk, and U. Palm, Trans. Tartu Univ. 289 (1971) 22.

    Google Scholar 

  682. E. Petyarv, K. Kolk, and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  683. E. Petyarv and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1836.

    Google Scholar 

  684. E. Petyarv and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 806.

    Google Scholar 

  685. E. Petyarv, R. Jaanisoo. and U. Palm, Trans. Tartu Univ. 378 (1976) 44.

    Google Scholar 

  686. E. J. Lust, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 424.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  687. U. Palm, M. Väärtnöu, and E. Petjärv, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1849.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  688. M. Väärtnõu, E. Petjärv, and U. Palm, Trans. Tartu Univ. 378 (1976) 36.

    Google Scholar 

  689. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 1211.

    Google Scholar 

  690. U. Palm, M. Väärtnõu, and M. Salve, J. Electroanal. Chem. 86 (1978) 35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  691. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1568.

    Google Scholar 

  692. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1719.

    Google Scholar 

  693. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 179.

    Google Scholar 

  694. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 183.

    Google Scholar 

  695. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 311.

    Google Scholar 

  696. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1877.

    Google Scholar 

  697. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 591.

    Google Scholar 

  698. M. Väärtnõu and U. Palm, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 66.

    Google Scholar 

  699. U. V. Palm, M. G. Väärtnõu, and M. A. Salve, Elektrokhimiya 19 (1983) 310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  700. M. G. Väärtnõu and U. V Palm, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 553.

    Google Scholar 

  701. V. A. Chagelishvili, M. Väärtnõu, U. V. Palm, and Dzh.I. Dzhaparidze, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 890.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  702. D. C. Grahame and B. A. Soderberg, J. Chem. Phys. 22 (1954) 22.

    Google Scholar 

  703. J. M. Party and R. Parsons, Tram. Faraday Soc. 59 (1963) 241.

    Google Scholar 

  704. R. V. Ivanova, B. B. Damaskin, and L. F. Maiorova, Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 382.

    Google Scholar 

  705. B. B. Damaskin, U. V. Palm, R. V. Ivanova, and M. A. Salve, Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 1262.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  706. B. Damaskin, I. Pankratova, U. Palm, K. Anni, and M. Väärtnõu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 234 (1987) 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  707. J. I. Japaridze and V. A. Chagelishvili, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1837.

    Google Scholar 

  708. A. N. Frumkin, M. P. Pärnoja, N. B. Grigoryev, and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  709. U. V. Palm, M. P. Pärnoja, and M. A. Salve, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 873.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  710. W. B. Pearson, The Crystal Chemistry and Physics of Metals and Alloys, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972, p. 280.

    Google Scholar 

  711. P. M. Platzman and P. A. Wolf, Waves and Interactions in Solid State Plasmas. Solid State Physics, Suppl. 13, Academic Press, New York, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  712. V. S. Edelman, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 129 (1972) 257.

    Google Scholar 

  713. T. A. Raud, T. H. Silk, and U. V. Palm, Eletrokhimiya 24 (1988) 344.

    Google Scholar 

  714. U. Palm, T. Silk, and T. Raud, Chemistry and Physics of Electrified Interfaces Solid/Electrolyte and Biological Systems. Ext. Abstr. Int. Conf., 1988, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  715. T. A. Raud, M. M. Lepik, T. H. Silk, and U. V. Palm, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 8th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1988, p. 334.

    Google Scholar 

  716. K. L. Anni, M. G. Väärtnõu, and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 846.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  717. K. L. Anni, M. G. Väärtnõu, and U. V. Palm, Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  718. E. Lust and K. Anni, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 9th Symp, Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1991, p. 109.

    Google Scholar 

  719. P. Pärsimägi, K. Anni, M. Väärtnõu, and E. Lust, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 9th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1991, p. 144.

    Google Scholar 

  720. M. Väärtnõu, P. Pärsimägi, and E. Lust, J. Electroanal. Chem. 385 (1995) 115.

    Google Scholar 

  721. M. Väärtnõu P. Pärsimagi, and E Lust, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 227.

    Google Scholar 

  722. V. Past, U. Palm, K. Palts, R. Pullerits, and M. Haga, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc 1st Symp., Vol. I, Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1968, p. 114.

    Google Scholar 

  723. M. Haga and V. Past, Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 618.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  724. M. Haga and V. Past, Trans. Tartu Univ. 235 (1969) 47.

    Google Scholar 

  725. R. Pullerits, M. Moldau, and V. Past, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 4th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 257.

    Google Scholar 

  726. R. Pullerits, M. Moldau and V. Past, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 5th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1978, p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  727. R. Pullerits, M. Moldau, and V. Past, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1981, p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  728. V. Past, R. Pullerits, and M. Moldau, Trans. Tartu Univ. 755 (1986) 140.

    Google Scholar 

  729. E. J. Lust and A. A.-J. Jänes, Elektrokhimiya 28 (1992) 802.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  730. E.J. Lust and A. A.-J. Jänes, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  731. L. E. Rybalka and D. I. Leikis, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1619.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  732. L. E. Rybalka, D. I. Leikis, and A. G. Zelinskii, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1340.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  733. V. A. Safonov, L. Yu. Komissarov, and O. A. Petrii, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 675.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  734. E. M. Lazarova, Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  735. M. Turowska and J. Sokolowski, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 821.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  736. V. A. Safonov, L. Yu. Komissarov, and O. A. Petrii, Zash. Met. 22 (1986) 292.

    Google Scholar 

  737. L. Yu. Komissarov, V. A. Safonov, and O. A. Petrii, Vesti MGU. Khimiya, Moscow, 1986, p. 21.

    Google Scholar 

  738. V. A. Safonov, B. B. Damaskin, L. Yu. Komissarov, and O. A. Petrii, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc 7th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1985, p. 292.

    Google Scholar 

  739. V. A. Safonov, IV Japan-USSR Corrosion Seminar. Extended Abstracts, Tokyo, JSCE, 1985, p. 126.

    Google Scholar 

  740. V. A. Safonov, L. Yu. Komissarov, O. A. Petrii, and V. M. Gravovoch, Elektrokhimiya 23 (1987) 1375.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  741. E. I. Mikhailova and Z. A. Joffa, Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 231.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  742. V. A. Safonov, K. Jackovska and O. A. Petrii, Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1628.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  743. V. V. Batrakov and N. I. Naumova, Elektrokhimiya 13 (1979) 551.

    Google Scholar 

  744. V. L. Kheifets and L. S. Reishakhrit, Uch Zap. Leningr. Gas. Univ. 169, Ser. Khim. Nauk 13 (1953) 173.

    Google Scholar 

  745. T. Ohmori, J. Electroanal. Chem. 157 (1983) 159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  746. Yu. M. Tyurin, T. V. Sazonntyeva, and V. I. Naumiva, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 1320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  747. J. Arold and J. Tamm, Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 1417.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  748. H. Yang and J. L. Whitten, Surf. Sci. 223 (1989) 131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  749. M. Grodzicki and O. Kühnholz, Mol. Struct. 174 (1988) 65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  750. Yu. F. Zhukovski, E. P. Smimov, and A. K. Lokenbakh, Zh Fiz. Khim. 64 (1990) 1825.

    Google Scholar 

  751. B. Jakuszewski and Z. Kozlowski, Rocz. Chem. 38 (1964) 93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  752. B. Jakuszewski and Z. Kozlowski, Soc. Sci. Lodz Acta Chim. 10 (1965) 5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  753. V. A. Safonov, S. A. Sokolov, and V. M. Gerowich, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 299 (1988) 1438.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  754. V. A. Safonov and S. A. Sokolov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 8th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1988, p. 253.

    Google Scholar 

  755. V. A. Safonov and S. A. Sokolov, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  756. B. I. Podlovchenko and N. A. Epshtein, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1522.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  757. K. Al Jaaf-Golze, D. M. Kolb, and D. Scherson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 200 (1986) 353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  758. J. Clavilier, K. El Achi, and A. Rodes, J. Chem. Phys. 141 (1990) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  759. A. Rodes and J. Clavilier, J. Electroanal. Chem. 344 (1993) 269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  760. J. Clavilier and A. Rodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 348 (1993) 247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  761. S. Thomas, Y.-E. Sung, H. S. Kirn, and A. Wieckowski, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1986) 11726.

    Google Scholar 

  762. V. L. Heifets and B. S. Krasikov, Zh. Fiz Khim. 31 (1957) 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  763. A. N. Frumkin, N. Balashova, and V. Kazarinov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 113 (1966) 1011.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  764. E. Gileadi, S. Argade, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 2044.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  765. M. Rosen, O. Flinn, and S. Schuldiner, J. Electroanal. Chem. 116 (1969) 1112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  766. D. Flinn, M. Rosen, and S. Schuldiner, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm. 36 (1971) 454.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  767. O. A. Petrii and A. V. Ushmaev, Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 1154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  768. B. I. Podlovchenko and E. A. Kolyadko, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 1138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  769. B. I. Podlovchenko, E. A. Kolyadko, and V. I. Naumov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 309 (1991) 49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  770. E. A. Kolyadko, V. l. Naumov, and B. I. Podlovchenko, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  771. E. M. Lazarova, Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 1654.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  772. F. T. Wagner and P. N. Ross, J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  773. K. Itaya, S. Sugawara, K. Sashikaat, and I. Furneya, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 48 (1990) 515.

    Google Scholar 

  774. A. Rodes, E. Pastor, and T. Iwasita, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  775. T. Iwasita, A. Rodes, and E. Pastor, J. Electroanal. Chem. 383 (1995) 181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  776. J. M. Orts, R. Gómez, J. M. Feliu, A. Aldaz, and J. Clavilier, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  777. J. Clavilier, D. Armand, S. G. Sun, and M. Petit, J. Electroanal. Chem. 205 (1986) 267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  778. B. A. Sexton, Surf. Sci. 94 (1980) 435.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  779. H. Ogasanea, J. Yoshinubu, and M. Kaway, Chem. Phys. Lett. 231 (1994) 188.

    Google Scholar 

  780. M. F. Toney, J. N. Howard, J. Richer, G. L. Borges, J. G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, D. G. Wiesler, D. Yee, and L. B. Soerensen, Nature 368 (1994) 188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  781. J. G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, and M. F. Toney, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  782. T. Solomun, J. Electroanal. Chem. 255 (1988) 163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  783. J. Clavilier, J. Electroanal. Chem. 107 (1980) 211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  784. J. Clavilier, A. Rodes, K. El Achi, and M. A. Zamakhchari, J. Chem. Phys. 88 (1991) 1291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  785. W. Ranke, Surf. Sci 209 (1994) 1555.

    Google Scholar 

  786. M. Kiskinova, G. Pirug, and H. P. Bonzel, Surf. Sci. 150 (1985) 319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  787. G. B. Fisher and J. L. Gland, Surf Sci. 94 (1980) 446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  788. J. M. Feliu, J. M. Orts, R. Gómez, A. Aldaz, and J. Clavilier, J. Electroanal. Chem. 372 (1994) 265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  789. H. Ebert, R. Parsons, G. Ritzoulis, and T. Vandemoot, J. Electroanal. Chem. 264 (1989) 181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  790. A. Ahmadi, E. Bracey, R. W. Evans, and G. Attard, J. Electroanal. Chem. 350 (1993) 297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  791. G. Attard, R. Price, and Al Al-Akl, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  792. N. M. Markovic, S. T. Sarraf, H. A. Gasteiger, and P. N. Ross, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3719.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  793. J. Sobkowski, A. Wieckowski, P. Zelanay, and A. Czerwinski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 100 (1979) 781.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  794. N. Hoshi, H. Ito, T. Suzuki, and Y. Hori, J. Electroanal. Chem. 395 (1995) 309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  795. N. Hoshi, T. Mizumuka, and Y. Hori. Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 883.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  796. N. Hoshi, T. Uchida, T. Mizumuka, and Y. Hori, J. Electroanal. Chem. 381 (1995) 261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  797. A. Bewick, C. Gutiérrez, and G. Larramona, J. Electroanal. Chem. 332 (1992) 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  798. E. Herrero, J. M. Feliu, A. Wieckowski, and 1. Clavilier, Surf. Sci. 325 (1995) 131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  799. V. Climent, R. Gómez, J. M. Orts, A. Aldaz, and J. M. Feliu, in Electrochemical Double Layer, B. E. Conway and C. Korzeniewski, eds., Vol. 97-17, Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1997, p. 222.

    Google Scholar 

  800. R. Gómez, J. M. Orts, and J. M. Feliu, in Solid/Liquid Electrochemical Interfaces, G. Jerkiewicz, M. P. Soriaga, K. Uosaki, and A. Wieckowski, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1997, p. 156.

    Google Scholar 

  801. O. A. Petrii and I. G. Khomchenko, J. Electroanal Chem. 106 (1980) 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  802. F. Magno and G. Bontempelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  803. B. E. Conway, H. Angerstein-Kozlowska, and B. R. MacDougall, J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 287.

    Google Scholar 

  804. S. Morin and B. E. Conway, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  805. N. S. Marincovic, M. Hecht, T. S. Loring, and W. R. Fawcett, Electrochim. Acta 41 (1996) 641

    Google Scholar 

  806. O. A. Petrii, I. G. Khomchenko, and A. G. Zelinsky, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 400.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  807. I. G. Khomchenko and O. A. Petrii, Elektrokhimiya 19 (1983) 1544.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  808. C. Bernard, C. Tarby, and G. Robert, Electrochim. Acta 25 (1980) 435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  809. T. P. Agladze, Itogi nauki i tekhniki. Korroziya i zashchita ot korrozii. Vol. 9, Moscow, VINITI, 1982, pp. 36–47.

    Google Scholar 

  810. E. Yu. Alakseyeva, V. A. Safonov, and O. A. Petrii, Elektrokhimiya 20 (1984) 945.

    Google Scholar 

  811. Yu. A. Kukk and J. Clavilier. Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 841.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  812. Yu. A. Kukk and T. H. Püttsepp, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 5th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1978, p. 124.

    Google Scholar 

  813. L. P. Khmelevaya, B. B. Damaskin, and T. I. Vainblat, Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 1141.

    Google Scholar 

  814. R. P. Frankenthal and D. J. Siconolfi, Surf. Sci. 119 (1982) 331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  815. S. C. Fain Jr. and J. M. McDavid, Phys, Rev. B 9 (1974) 5099.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  816. R. Bouwman, L. H. Toneman, M. A. Boersma, and R. A. van Santen, Surf. Sci. 38 (1976) 318.

    Google Scholar 

  817. S. H. Orenbury and G. A. Somorjai, Surf. Sci. 55 (1976) 909.

    Google Scholar 

  818. G. C. Nelson, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 55 (1976) 289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  819. A. Bewick and J. Robinson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 60 (1975) 383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  820. V. A. Korolkov, Yu. I. Malov, and A. A. Markov, Fizicheskaya khimiya granits razdela kontaktiruyushchih faz, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1976, p. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  821. J. W. Taylor, Acta Metall. 4 (1965) 460.

    Google Scholar 

  822. N. L. Pokrovski and H. I. lebragimov, Physical Chemistry of the Alloys Surfaces, Metshniereba, Tbilisi, Georgia, 1977, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  823. T. B. Massalski, ed., Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol. 1, 1985, p. 682; Vol. 2, 1985, p. 1848, American Soc. Metals, Metals Park, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  824. V. A. Safonov, M. A. Choba, L. G. Toshchevikov, and D. V. Kireev, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1323.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  825. V. A. Safonov and M. A. Choba, Elektrokhimiya 29 (1993) 1131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  826. V. A. Safonov, M. A. Choba, and Ya. D. Seropegin, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 2907.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  827. G. A. Zelinski and R. Yu. Beck, Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 66.

    Google Scholar 

  828. V. A. Safonov, M. A. Choba, and Yu. D. Seropegin, Surf. Sci. 119 (1982) 331.

    Google Scholar 

  829. M. I. Shuganova, G. V. Birjukova, and V. A. Kuznetsov, in Double Layer and Adsorption at Solid Electrodes, Proc. 6th Symp., Tartu University Press, Tartu, Estonia, 1975, p. 334.

    Google Scholar 

  830. M. I. Shuganova, R. A. Alekseyeva, and V. A. Kuznetsov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 924.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  831. P. A. Morozova, E. V. Pekar, E. S. Sevastyanov, and V. K. Chubarova, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1307.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  832. E. M. Lazarova and Ts. Nikolov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1231.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  833. E. M. Lazarova and R. G. Raichev, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  834. I. G. Kiseleva, D. I. Leikis, and B. N. Kabanov, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  835. Yu. I. Malov, A. A. Markov, and V. A. Korolkov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1740.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  836. L. Koene, M. Sluyters-Rehbach, and J. H. Sluyters, Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 802.

    Google Scholar 

  837. G. Luggin, Z. Phys. Chem. 16 (1985) 677.

    Google Scholar 

  838. G. V. Hevesy and R. Lorenz, Z. Phys. Chem. 74 (1910) 443.

    Google Scholar 

  839. S. V. Korpatshoff and A. G. Stromberg, Zh. fiz, Khim. 18 (1944) 47.

    Google Scholar 

  840. V. A. Kuznetsov, L. C. Zagaynova, A. A. Dyakova, and A. A. Kotegova, Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 676.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  841. M. V. Smirnov, Elektrodnye potentsyaly v rasplavlennykh kloridakh, Nauka, Moscow, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  842. V. B. Stepanov, Interfacial Phenomena in Ionic Salt Melts. Ekaterinburg Science, 1993 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  843. J. E. B. Randels and J. L. White, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51 (1995) 185.

    Google Scholar 

  844. E. Ukshe and N. Bukun, Itogi nauki i tekhnild. Rastvory 2 (1975) 140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  845. Yu. Delimansky, Issledovaniya v oblasti elektrokhimii ionnykh rasplavov, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  846. Yu. G. Pastukhov and V. P. Stepanov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 307 (1989) 648.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  847. O. Esin, Zh. Fiz Khim. 30 (1956) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  848. R. Dogonadze and Yu. Chizmadjev, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 157 (1964) 944.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  849. R. S. Perkins, R. Livingston, T. N. Andersen, and H. Eyring, J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 3329.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  850. B. Jakuszewski and Z. Koczorowski, Roczn. Chem. 36 (1962) 1873.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  851. I. A. Bagotskaya, A. M. Morozov, and N. B. Grigoryev, Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 873.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  852. J. Clavilier, A. Hamelin, and G. Valette, Compt. Rend. Ser. C 265 (1967) 221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  853. A. Hamelin and J. Lecoeur, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 36 (1971) 714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  854. Yu. P. Ipatov and V. V. Batrakov, Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  855. D. I. Leikis and E. S. Sevast’yanov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 144 (1962) 1320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  856. N. B. Grigor’ev, S. A. Fateev, and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 1852; 8 (1972) 311.

    Google Scholar 

  857. E. M. Lazarova and Yu. I. Kuyumdzhieva, Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  858. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 139 (1982) 285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  859. I. A. Bagotskaya, V. G. Boitsov, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  860. D. R. Lide, ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  861. H. B. Michaelson, J. Appl. Phys. 48 (1977) 4729.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  862. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 54 (1974) 19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  863. I. A. Bagotskaya, C, N. Hai, V. G. Boitsov, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  864. L. Pauling, Phys. Rev. 54 (1938) 899; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69 (1947) 542; Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A A196 (1949) 343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  865. L. Koene, M. Sluyters-Rehbach, and J. H. Sluyters, J. Electroanal. Chem. 398 (1995) 569.

    Google Scholar 

  866. V. P. Grigor’ev, O. N. Necheva, and V. E. Goielik, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1418.

    Google Scholar 

  867. G. Valette, J. Electroanal. Chem. 255 (1988) 225.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  868. E. Lust, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  869. B. E. Nieuwenhuys, Thin Solid Films 50(8) (1978) 257.

    CAS  ISI  Google Scholar 

  870. R. Vanselow and X. Q. D. Li, Sur. Sci. Lett. 264 (1992) L200.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  871. G. N. Derry and Z. Ji-Zhong, Phys. Rev. B 39 (1989) 1940.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  872. J. K. Sass, N. V. Richardson, H. Neff, and D. K. Roe, Chem. Phys. Lett. 73 (1980) 209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  873. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 54 (1974) 437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  874. N. S. Razutikhina and A. N. Efremova, Elektrokhimiya 19 (1983) 1439.

    Google Scholar 

  875. S. Trasatti, J. Chim. Phys. 72 (1975) 561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  876. A. Spitzer and H. Lüth, Surf. Sci. 160 (1985) 353.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  877. A. Spitzer, A. Ritz, and H. Lütz, Surf. Sci. 152/153 (1985) 543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  878. A. F. Carley, P. R. Davies, M. W. Roberts, and K. K. Thomas, Surf. Sci. Lett. 238 (1990) L467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  879. B. W. Callen, K. Griffiths, U. Memmert, D. A. Harrington, S. J. Bushby, and P. R. Norton, Surf. Sci. 230 (1990) 159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  880. M. I. Rojas and E. P. M. Leiva, Surf. Sci. Lett. 227 (1990) L121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  881. J. R. Grigeva and S. G. Kalko, Langmuir, 12 (1996) 154.

    Google Scholar 

  882. I. I. Vaisman, F. K. Brown, and A. Tropsha, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 5559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  883. W. Drost-Hansen, Ind. Eng. Chem. 61 (1969) 10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  884. K. Heinzinger, Pure Appl. Chem. 63 (1991) 1733.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  885. E. Spohr. J. Phys. Chem. 93 (1989) 6171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  886. K. Raghavan. K. Foster, and M. Berkowitz, Chem. Phys. Lett. 177 (1991) 426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  887. K. J. Scweighofer, X. Xia, and M. L Berkowitz, Langmuir, 12 (1996) 3747.

    Google Scholar 

  888. G. Estiú. S. A. Maluendes, E. A. Castro, and A. J. Arvia, J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 2512.

    Google Scholar 

  889. G. Estiu, S. A. Maluendes, E. A. Castro, and A. J. Arvia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 284 (1990) 289.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  890. G. Aloisi, R. Guidelli, R. A. Jakson, S. M. Clark, and P. Barnes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 206 (1986) 131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  891. A. E. Russell, A. S. Lin, and W. E. O’Grady, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 (1993) 195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  892. G. Aloisi and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 260 (1989) 259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  893. R. R. Nazmutdinov, Elektrokhimiya 29 (1993) 384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  894. R. R. Nazmutdinov, M. Probst, and K. Heinzinger, J. Electroanal. Chem. 369 (1994) 227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  895. R. R. Nazmutdinov, M.S. Shapnik, and O. I. Malyucheva, Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  896. I. A. Bagotskaya and A. V. Shlepakov, Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  897. B. N. Afanas’ev and Yu. P. Akulova Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 1357.

    Google Scholar 

  898. V. E. Kazarinov and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 1221.

    Google Scholar 

  899. I. G. Khomchenko and O. A. Petrii, Elektrokhimiya 19 (1983) 1122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  900. S. Trasatti. Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 98 (1975) 75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  901. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  902. J. S. Jaworski, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  903. V. V. Emets, B. B. Damaskin, and V. E. Kazarinov, Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 1424.

    Google Scholar 

  904. V. E. Kazarinov and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 327.

    Google Scholar 

  905. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 91 (1978) 293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  906. G. C. Bond, Gold Bull. 5 (1971) 115.

    Google Scholar 

  907. G. C. Bond and P. A. Sermon, Gold Bull. 6 (1973) 102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  908. G. C. Bond, P. A. Sermon, G. Webb, D. A. Buchanan, and P. B. Wells, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1973) 444.

    Google Scholar 

  909. N. B. Grigoryev, S. A. Fateev, and I. A. Bagotskaya, Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1633.

    Google Scholar 

  910. S. Trasatti. J. Electroanal. Chem. 53 (1974) 335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  911. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 815.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  912. E. Lust, A. Jänes, K. Lust, and R. Pullerits, J. Electroanal. Chem. 431 (1997) 183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  913. B. N. Afanasyev and Yu. P. Akulova, Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 1397.

    Google Scholar 

  914. A. Paulo Ferreira, M. J. Sottomayor, and A. F. Silva, unpublished results (personal communication).

    Google Scholar 

  915. T. Luczak, M. Beltowska-Brzezinska, and R. Holze, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 717.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  916. M. R. Moncelli and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  917. U. W. Hamm, V. Lazarescu, and D. M. Kolb, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3785.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  918. Th. Wandlowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 395 (1995) 83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  919. J. Lipkowski, L. Stolberg. D.-F. Yang. B. Pettinger, S. Mirwald, F. Henglein, and D. M. Kolb, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1045.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  920. G. Pezzatini, M. R. Moncelli, M. Innocenti, and R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Trasatti, S., Lust, E. (2002). The Potential of Zero Charge. In: White, R.E., Bockris, J.O., Conway, B.E. (eds) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol 33. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46917-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46917-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45968-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46917-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics