Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications

  • Chapter
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

Part of the book series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ((MAOE,volume 32))

Conclusion

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has become a mature and well-understood technique. It is now possible to acquire, validate, and quantitatively interpret the experimental impedances. This chapter has been addressed to understanding the fundamental processes of diffusion and faradaic reaction at electrodes. However, the most difficult problem in EIS is modeling the electrode processes, which is where most of the problems and errors arise. There is an almost infinite variety of different reactions and interfaces that can be studied (corrosion, coatings, conducting polymers, batteries and fuel cells, semiconductors, electrocatalytic reactions, chemical reactions coupled with faradaic processes, etc.) and the main effort is now being applied to understanding and analyzing these processes. These applications will be the subject of a second review in a forthcoming volume in this series.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. C. Graham, Chem. Rev. 41 (1947) 441.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Parsons, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Plenum, New York, 1954, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Delahay, Double Layer and Electrode Kinetics, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. M. Mohilner, in Electroanalytical Chemistry, A. J. Bard, ed., Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1966, p. 241.

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. Breyer and H. H. Bauer, Alternating Current Polarography and Tensammetry, Chemical Analysis Series, P. J. Elving and I. M. Kolthoff, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. E. Smith in Electroanalytical Chemistry, A. J. Bard, ed., Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1966, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. M. Bond, Modern Polarographic Techniques in Analytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. Delahay, New Instrumental Methods in Electrochemistry, Interscience, New York, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. J. Vetter, Electrochemical Kinetics, Academic Press, New York, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. D. Macdonald, Transient Techniques in Electrochemistry, Plenum, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Wiley, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  12. E. Gileadi, Electrode Kinetics for Chemists, Engineers, and Material Scientists, VCH, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. M. A. Brett and A. M. Oliveira Brett, Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods, and Applications, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Galus, Fundamentals of Electrochemical Analysis, Ellis Horwood, New York, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  15. H. B. Oldham and J. C. Myland, Fundamentals of Electrochemical Science, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. I. Rubinstein, ed., Physical Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods, and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy Emphasizing Solid Materials and Systems, Wiley, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Z. B. Stoynov, B. M. Grafov, B. S. Savova-Stoynova, V. V. Elkin, and B. B. Damaskin, Electrochemical Impedance, Nauka, Moscow, 1991 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. D. Armstrong, M. F. Bell, and A. A. Metcalfe, in Electrochemistry. A Specialist Periodical Report, H.R. Thirsk, ed., Vol. 6, Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, 1978, p. 98.

    Google Scholar 

  20. W. I. Archer and R. D. Armstrong, in Electrochemistry. A Specialist Periodical Report, H.R. Thirsk, ed., Vol. 7, Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, 1980, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. D. Macdonald, in Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes, R. Varma and J. R. Selman, eds., Wiley, New York, 1991, p. 515.

    Google Scholar 

  22. F. Mansfeld and W. J. Lorenz, in Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes, R. Varma and J. R. Selman, eds., Wiley, New York, 1991, p. 581.

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Szpak, in Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes, R. Varma and J. R. Selman, eds., Wiley, New York, 1991, p. 677.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. R. Scully, D. C. Silverman, and M. W. Kendig, eds., Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Sluyters-Rehbach and J. H. Sluyters, in Analytical Chemistry, A. J. Bard, ed., Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  26. M. Sluyters-Rehbach and J. H. Sluyters, Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 9, Plenum, New York, 1984, p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  27. D. D. Macdonald and M. C. H. McKurbe, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, J. O'M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 14, Plenum, New York, 1982, p. 61.

    Google Scholar 

  28. D. D. Macdonald and M. C. H. McKurbe, in Electrochemical Corrosion Testing, ASTM Special Publ. 727, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  29. C. Gabrielli, Identification of Electrochemical Processes by Frequency Response Analysis, Technical Report No 004, Solartron, Hampshire, UK, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  30. C. Gabrielli, Use and Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Techniques, Technical Report No 24, Solartron, Hampshire, UK, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. Doetsch, Laplace Transformation, Dover, New York, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. J. DiStefano, III, A. R. Stubberud, and I. J. Williams, Theory and Problems of Feedback and Control Systems, 2nd. ed., Schaum's Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  33. S. Goldman, Transformation Calculus and Electrical Transients, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  34. C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, and H. Takenouti, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Gabrielli and B. Tribolet, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141 (1994) 957.

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. A. Pilla, in Electrochemistry. Calculations, Simulation and Instrumentation, J. S. Mattson, H. B. Mark, Jr., and H. C. MacDonald, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972, p. 139.

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. D. Armstrong, W. P. Race, and H. R. Thirsk, Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Muszalska and J. Jarzebska, J. Electroanal. Chem. 318 (1991) 145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. M. Gomez, R. Motilla, and E. Diez, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 831.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. K. Chandrasekara Pillai, W. E. Waghorne, and O. Wilson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 252 (1988) 151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. R. de Levie and A. A. Husovsky, J. Electroanal. Chem. 20 (1969) 181.

    Google Scholar 

  42. P. E. Wellstead, Frequency Response Analysis, Technical Note No. 10, Solartron Instruments, Hampshire, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.-P. Diard, B. Le Gorrec, and C. Montella, J. Electroanal. Chem. 377 (1994) 61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, and H. Takenouti, in Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research, M. Duprat, ed., Vol. 8, Materials Science Forum, 1986, p. 417.

    Google Scholar 

  45. N. J. Evans, Electrochemistry Newsletter, April 1996, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  46. E. O. Birgham, The Fast Fourier Transform, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  47. D. E. Smith, Anal. Chem. 48 (1976) 221A.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. S. C. Creason, J. W. Hayes, and D. E. Smith, J. Electroanal. Chem. 47 (1973) 9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. G. S. Popkirov and R. N. Schindler, Bulgarian Chem. Commun. 27 (1994) 459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. G. S. Popkirov and R. N. Schindler, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 (1993) 3111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. J. Schwall, A. M. Bond, R. J. Loyd, J. G. Larsen, and D. E. Smith, Anal. Chem. 49 (1977) 1797.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. J. Bond, R. J. Schwall, and D. E. Smith, J. Electroanal. Chem. 85 (1977) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. A. A. Pilla, J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 467.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. A. A. Pilla, in Electrochemistry. Calculations, Simulation, and Instrumentation, J. S. Mattson, H. B. Mark, Jr., and H. C. MacDonald, Jr., eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1972, p. 139.

    Google Scholar 

  55. K. Doblhofer and A. A. Pilla, J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, and J. F. Lizee, J. Electroanal. Chem. 205 (1986) 59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J. Ye and K. Doblhofer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 272 (1989) 11, 29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Neumannspallart and M. Elman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 327 (1994) 33.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. A. Sagüés, S. C. Krans, and E. I. Moreno, Electrochim. Acta 41 (1996) 1239, 2661.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. S. Gill, L. M. Callow, and J. D. Scantlebury, Corrosion 39 (1983) 61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. E. Warburg, Ann. Phys. Chem. 67 (1899) 493.

    Google Scholar 

  62. J. E. B. Randles, Disc. Farad. Soc. 1 (1947) 11.

    Google Scholar 

  63. D. C. Grahame, J. Electrochem. Soc. 99 (1952) 370C.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. S. R. Taylor and E. Gileadi, Corr. Sci. 51 (1995) 664.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. J. E. B. Randles, Transactions of the Symposium on Electrode Processes, E. Yeager, ed., Wiley, New York, 1959, p. 209.

    Google Scholar 

  66. X. Wu and W. Zhang, J. Electroanal. Chem. 383, (1995) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. T. J. VanderNoot, J. Electroanal. Chem. 300 (1991) 199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R. D. Armstrong and R. E. Firman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 45 (1973) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. D. A. Harrington, J. Electroanal. Chem. 403 (1996) 11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, and J. Daschbach, J. Electroanal. Chem. 317 (1991) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, D. R. Rolison, and P. P. Schmidt, eds., Ultramicroelectrodes, Datatech Systems, Inc., Morganton, NC, 1987, Chap. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  72. T. Jacobsen and K. West, Electrochim. Acta 30 (1995) 255.

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. Fleischmann and S. Pons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 277.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. R. de Levie and A. A. Husovsky, J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 29.

    Google Scholar 

  75. D. E. Smith, Anal. Chem. 35 (1963) 610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. J. H. Sluyters, Rec. Trav. Chim. 79 (1960) 1092.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. M. Sluyters-Rehbach and J. H. Sluyters, J. Electroanal. Chem. 4 (1970) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. K. Darowicki, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 767.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. K. Darowicki, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 1073.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. J.-P. Diard, B. Le Gorrec, and C. Montella, Electrochim. Acta. 42, (1997) 1053.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. C.-N. Cao, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 831.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. L. Bai and B. E. Conway, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. J.-P. Diard, B. Le Gorrec, and C. Montella, J. Electroanal. Chem. 326 (1992) 13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. F. Berthier, J.-P. Diard, and C. Montella, J. Electrochem. Soc. 410 (1996) 247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. A. Lasia and A. Rami, J. Electroanal. Chem. 294 (1990) 123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. F. Berthier, J.-P. Diard, L. Pronzato, and E. Walter, in Proceedings of the 10th IFAC Symposium on System Identification. Copenhagen, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  87. F. Berthier, J.-P. Diard, C. Montella, L. Pronzato, and E. Walter, J. Chim. Phys. 90 (1993) 2069.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. F. Berthier, J.-P. Diard, P. Landaud, and C. Montella, J. Electroanal. Chem. 362 (1993) 13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. F. Berthier, J.-P. Diard, L. Pronzato, and E. Walter, Automatica 32 (1996) 973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. R. D. Armstrong and M. Henderson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. R. D. Armstrong, R. E. Firman, and H. R. Thirsk, Farad. Discuss. Chem. Soc. 56 (1973) 244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. C.-N. Cao, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 837.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J.-P. Diard, B. Le Gorrec, C. Montella, and C. Montero-Ocampo, J. Electronal. Chem. 352 (1993) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. L. Bai and B. E. Conway, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 3737.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. D. A. Harrington, J. Electroanal. Chem. 449 (1998) 9, 29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. R. C. Salvarezza and A. J. Arvia, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 28, B. E. Conway, J. O'M. Bockris, and R. E. White, eds., Vol. 30, Plenum, New York, p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  97. K. S. Cole and R. H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 9 (1941) 341.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. G. J. Brug, A. L. G. van den Eeden, M. Sluyters-Rehbach, and J. H. Sluyters, J. Electroanal. Chem. 176 (1984) 275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. T. Pajkossy, J. Electroanal. Chem. 364 (1994) 111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Z. A. Rotenberg and N. V. Nekrasove, Sov. Electrochem. 25 (1989) 651.

    Google Scholar 

  101. U. Rammlet and G. Reinhard, Corr. Sci. 27 (1987) 373.

    Google Scholar 

  102. U. Rammlet and G. Reinhard, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1045.

    Google Scholar 

  103. P. K. Wrona, A. Lasia, M. Lessard, and H. Ménard, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 1283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. T. J. VanderNoot, J. Electroanal. Chem. 386 (1995) 57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. T. Pajkossy, T. Wandlowski, and D. M. Kolb, J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. R. Devaux, A. M. de Becdelievre, C. Duret-Thual, and M. Keddam, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1615.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Z. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. B. B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  109. R. de Levie, J. Electroanal. Chem. 281 (1990) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  110. H. von Koch, Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. 1 (1904) 681.

    Google Scholar 

  111. L. Nyikos and T. Pajkossy, Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 1533.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. T. Pajkossy, J. Electroanal. Chem. 300 (1991) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. A. Le Méhauté and G. Crépy, Solid State Ionics 9/10 (1983) 17; A. Le Méhauté, G. Crépy, and A. Hurd, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 306 (1988) 117.

    Google Scholar 

  114. L. Nyikos and T. Pajkossy, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 2061.

    Google Scholar 

  115. L. Nyikos and T. Pajkossy, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 1347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. T. Pajkossy and L. Nyikos, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. A. P. Borossy, L. Nyikos, and T. Pajkossy, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 163.

    Google Scholar 

  118. L. Nyikos and T. Pajkossy, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1567.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. A. Sakharova, L. Nyikos, and T. Pajkossy, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 973.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. T. Pajkossy, Heterogen. Chem. Rev. 2 (1995) 143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. M. Keddam and H. Takenouti, Electrochim. Acta 33 (1988) 445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. T. Pajkossy and L. Nyikos, J. Electroanal. Chem. 332 (1992) 55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. R. de Levie, J. Electroanal. Chem. 261 (1989) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  124. W. Mulder, J. Electroanal. Chem. 326 (1992) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. J. C. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 33 (1987) 707.

    Google Scholar 

  126. S. H. Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 529.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. T. Kaplan, S. H. Liu, and L. J. Gray, Phys. Rev. 34 (1986) 4870.

    Google Scholar 

  128. T. Kaplan, L. J. Gray, and S. H. Liu, Phys. Rev. B 35 (1987) 5379.

    Google Scholar 

  129. B. Sapoval, Solid State Ionics 23 (1987) 253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. B. Sapoval, J.-N. Chazalviel, and J. Peyrière, Solid State Ionics 28/30 (1988) 1441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. B. Sapoval, J.-N. Chazalviel, and J. Peyrière, Phys. Rev. A 38 (1988) 5867.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. D. W. Davidson and R. H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys. 19 (1951) 1484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. A. Rami and A. Lasia, J. Appl. Electrochem. 22 (1992) 376.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. L. Chen and A. Lasia, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 3458.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. P. Los, A. Rami, and A. Lasia, J. Appl. Electrochem. 23 (1993) 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. E. Chassaing, B. Sapoval, G. Daccord, and R. Lenormand, J. Electroanal. Chem. 279 (1990) 67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. T. Pajkossy and L. Nyikos, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. R. de Levie and A. Vogt, J. Electroanal. Chem. 278 (1990) 25; 281 (1990) 23.

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. N. Frumkin, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 23 (1949) 1477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. O. S. Ksenzhek, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 36 (1962) 331.

    Google Scholar 

  141. A. Winsel, Z. Electrochem. 66 (1962) 287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. F. A. Posey, J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1962) 1173.

    Google Scholar 

  143. J. M. Bisang, K. Jüttner, and G. Kreysa, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. R. de Levie, in, Advances in E1ectrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, P. Delahay ed., Vol. 6, Interscience, New York, 1967, p. 329.

    Google Scholar 

  145. P. Los, A. Lasia, H. Ménard, and L. Brossard, J. Electroanal. Chem. 360 (1993) 101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. K. Scott, J. Appl. Electrochem. 13 (1983) 709.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. A. Lasia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 397 (1995) 27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. J. S. Newman and C.W. Tobias, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 (1962) 1183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. L. G. Austin and H. Lerner, Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 1469.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. S. K. Rangarajan, J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. M. Keddam, C. Rakomotavo, and H. Takenouti, J. Appl. Electrochem. 14 (1984) 437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. C. Cachet and R. Wiart, J. Electroanal. Chem. 195 (1985) 21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. I. D. Raistrick, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. A. Lasia, J. Electroanal. Chem. 428, (1997) 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. R. de Levie, Electrochim. Acta 10 (1965) 113.

    Google Scholar 

  156. J. Gunning, J. Electroanal. Chem. 392 (1995) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. H. Keiser, K. D. Beccu, and M. A. Gutjahr, Electrochim. Acta 21 (1976) 539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. K. Eloot, F. Debuyck, M. Moors, and A. P. van Peteghem, J. Appl. Electrochem. 25 (1995) 326, 334.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. T. C. Halsey and M. Leibig, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 1699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. M. Leibig and T. Halsey, J. Electroanal. Chem. 358 (1993) 77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. G. Inzelt and G. Láng, J. Electroanal. Chem. 378 (1994) 39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. H. A. Kramers, Phys. Zeit. 30 (1929) 52.

    Google Scholar 

  163. R. de L. Kronig, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 12 (1926) 547.

    Google Scholar 

  164. H. W. Bode, Network Analysis and Feedback Amplifier Design, Van Nostrand, New York, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  165. D. D. Macdonald and M. Urquidi-Macdonald, J. Electrochem. Soc. 132 (1985) 2316.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. M. Urquidi-Macdonald, S. Real, and D. D. Macdonald, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1896) 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  167. M. Urquidi-Macdonald, S. Real, and D. D. Macdonald, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. J. M. Esteban and M. E. Orazem, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. M. E. Orazem, J. M. Esteban, and O. C. Moghissi, Corrosion, 47 (1991) 248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. D. D. Macdonald and M. Uurquidi-Macdonald, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 515.

    Google Scholar 

  171. M. Urquidi-Macdonald and D.D. Macdonald, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 3306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. D. Townley, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 3305.

    Google Scholar 

  173. P. Agarwal, M. E. Orazem, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, in Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, J. R. Scully, D. C. Silverman, and M. W. Kending, eds., ASTM STP 1188, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  174. C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, and H. Takenouti, in Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, J. R. Scully, D. C. Silverman, and M. W. Kending, eds., ASTM STP 1188, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, p. 140.

    Google Scholar 

  175. B. J. Dougherty and S. I. Smedley, in Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, J. R. Scully, D. C. Silverman, and M. W. Kending, eds., ASTM STP 1188, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993, p. 154.

    Google Scholar 

  176. R. V. Churchill and J. W. Brown, Complex Variables and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  177. M. Kendig and F. Mansfeld, Corrosion 39 (1983) 466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. C. Haili, M.Sc. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  179. P. Agarwal, M. E. Orazem, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 1917.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. P. Agarwal and M. E. Orazem, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) 4159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. B. A. Boukamp and J. R. Macdonald, Solid State Ionics 74 (1994) 85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. B. A. Boukamp, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) 1885.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. J. R. Macdonald, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1883.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. G. Láng, L. Kocsis, and G. Inzelt, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1047.

    Google Scholar 

  185. J.-P. Diard, P. Landaud, J.-M. Le Canut, B. Le Gorrec, and C. Montella, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 2585.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. J. Max, Méthodes et techniques de traitement du signal, 4th ed., Masson, Paris, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  187. J. S. Bendat and A. G. Piersol, Measurements and Analysis of Random Data, Wiley, New York, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  188. G. T. Burstein and C. Liu, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. Z. B. Stoynov and B. S. Savova-Stoynov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 183 (1985) 133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. B. Savova-Stoynov and Z. B. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 2353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. Z. B. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 2357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Z. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1919.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. M. E. Orazem, P. Agarwal, A. N. Jansen, P. T. Wojcik, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 1903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. M. E. Orazem, P. Agarwal, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, J. Electroanal. Chem. 378 (1994) 51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Z. B. Stoynov and B. Savova-Stoynova, J. Electroanal. Chem. 209 (1986) 11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Z. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 34 (1989) 1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. Z. Stoynov, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. P. Zoltowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 375 (1994) 45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. P. Zoltowski, Polish J. Chem. 68 (1994) 1171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. J. R. Macdonald, J. Schoonman, and A. P. Lehnen, J. Electroanal. Chem. 131 (1982) 77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. B. A. Boukamp, Solid State Ionics 20 (1986) 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. R. H. Milocco, J. Electroanal. Chem. 273 (1989) 243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. V. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes. The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  204. P. R. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  205. J. R. Macdonald, J. Electroanal. Chem. 307 (1991) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. P. Zoltowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 178 (1984) 11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. P. Agarwal, O. D. Crisalle, M. E. Orazem, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) 4149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. P. Agarwal, M. E. Orazem, and L. H. Garcia-Rubio, Electrochim. Acta 41 (1996) 1017.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Y.-T. Tsai and D. W. Whitmore, Solid State Ionics 7 (1982) 129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. M. W. Kendig, E. M. Meyer, G. Lindberg, and F. Mansfeld, Corr. Sci. 23 (1983) 1007.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. J.-P. Diard, B. Le Gorrec, and C. Montella, J. Electroanal. Chem. 205 (1986) 77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. G. W. Walter, D. N. Nguyen, and M. A. D. Madurasinghe, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. A. S. Barański and A. Szulborska, Electrochim. Acta 41 (1996) 985.

    Google Scholar 

  214. A. S. Barański and A. Moyana, Langmuir 12 (1996) 3295.

    Google Scholar 

  215. A. S. Barański and W. Lu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 260 (1989) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  216. G. Schöne and W. Wiesbeck, J. Electroanal. Chem. 229 (1987) 407.

    Google Scholar 

  217. C. Gabrielli, M. Keddam, and J. F. Lizee, J. Electroanal. Chem. 163 (1984) 419.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. H. Göhr, M. Mirnik, and C. A. Shiller, J. Electroanal. Chem. 180 (1984) 273.

    Google Scholar 

  219. S. A. G. R. Karunathilaka, R. Barton, M. Hughes, and N. A. Hampson, J. Appl. Electrochem. 15 (1985) 251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. S. Chechirlian, P. Eichner, M. Keddam, H. Takenouti, and H. Mazille, Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. A. Lasia and P. Los, unpublished data, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  222. W. Botter, Jr., D. M. Soares, and O. Teschke, J. Electroanal. Chem. 267 (1989) 279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. S. Fletcher and M. D. Horne, J. Electroanal. Chem. 297 (1991) 297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1

    Andrzej Lasia

Authors
  1. Andrzej Lasia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    B. E. Conway

  2. Molecular Green Technology, College Station, Texas

    J. O'M. Bockris

  3. University of South Carolina, Columbia, Columbia, South Carolina

    Ralph E. White

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lasia, A. (2002). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications. In: Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O., White, R.E. (eds) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol 32. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46916-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46916-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45964-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46916-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation