Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Community-Acquired Pneumonia pp 571–591Cite as

Q Fever

  • Chapter

  • 1395 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abinanti, F. R., Welsh, H. H., Lennette, E. H., & Brunetti, O. (1953). Q fever studies XVI. Some aspects of experimental infection induced in sheep by the intratracheal route of inoculation. Am. J. Hyg., 57, 170–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babudieri, B. (1959). Q fever: a zoonosis. Adv. Vet. Sci., 5, 81–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baca, O. G., & Paretsky, D. (1983). Q fever and Coxiella burnetii: a model for host-parasite interactions. Microbiol. Rev., 47, 127–149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumbach, A., Brehm, B., Sauer, W., Doller, G., & Hoffmeister, H. M. (1992). Spontaneous splenic rupture complicating acute Q fever. Am. J. Gastroenterol, 87, 1651–1653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, W., & Bachman, S. (1992). Histological and immunocytochemical characterization of Coxiella burnetii-associated lesions in the murine uterus and placenta. Infect. Immun., 160, 5232–5241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, W., Dettinger, H., & Schmeer, N. (1993). Spread and distribution of Coxiella burnetii in C57BL/6J(H-2b) and Balb/cJ (H-2d) mice after intraperitoneal injection. J. Camp. Pathol., 108, 165–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, W. W., Brock, D. W., & Mather, J. (1963). Serologic analysis of a penitentiary group using raw milk from a Q fever infected herd. Pub. Health Rep., 78, 707–710.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand, A., Janbon, F., Jonquet, O., & Reynes, J. (1988). Infections par les rickettsiales et fluoroquinolones. Pathol. Biol., 36, 493–495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs, B. A., Douglas, J. C., Grant, I. W. B., et al. (1984). Prolonged Q fever associated with inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone. J. Infect., 8, 61–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonetti, B., Monaco, S., Ferrari, S., Tezzon, F., & Rizzuto, N. (1991). Demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis following Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever). Ital. J. Neural. Sci., 12, 415–417.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buhariwalli, F., Cann, B., & Marrie, T. J. (1996). A dog related outbreak of Q fever. Clin. Infect. Dis., 23, 753–755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnet, F. M., & Freeman, M. (1937). Experimental studies on the virus of “Q” fever. Med. J. Aust., 2, 299–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardellach, F., Font, J., Agusti, A. G. N., et al. (1983). Q fever and hemolytic anemia. J. Infect. Dis., 148, 769.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christie, A. B. (1974). Q fever, in: Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Clinical Practice. (A. B. Christie, ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 876–891.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W. H., Lennette, E. H., Railsback, O. C., & Romer, M. S. (1951a). Q fever in California. VII. Clinical features in one hundred and eighty cases. Arch. Intern. Med., 88, 155–167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W. H., Romer, M. S., Holmes, M. A., Welsh, H. H., Lennette, E. H., & Abinanti, F. R. (1951b). Q fever in California. VIII. An epidemic of Q fever in a small rural community in Northern California. Am. J. Hyg., 54, 25–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases (1946). Epidemics of Q fever among troops from Italy in the spring of 1945. II. Epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Hyg., 44, 88–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conget, I., Mallolas, J., Mensa, J., et al. (1987). Erythema nodosum and Q fever. Arch. Dermatol., 123, 867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox. H. R.. Tesar. W. C.. & Irons. J. V. (1947). Q fever in the United States. IV. Isolation and identification of Rickettsiaes in an outbreak amongst stock handlers and slaughterhouse workers. JAMA, 133, 820–821.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curet, L. B., & Paust. J. C. (1972). Transmission of Q fever from experimental sheep to laboratory personnel. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 114, 566–568.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derrick, E. H. (1937). “Q” fever, new fever entity: clinical features, diagnosis and laboratory investigation. Med. J. Aust.. 2, 281–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrick, E. H. (1973). The course of infection with Coxiella burnetii.Med. J. Aust., 1, 1051–1057.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, D. L., & Peterson, E. T. (1950). Q fever; transmission from one human being to others. JAMA, 143, 348–350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, H. L., Hornick, R. B., Levin, H. S., & Woodward. T. E. (1971). Q fever hepatitis. Ann. Intern. Med., 74, 198–206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupuis, G., Peter, O., Pedroni, D., & Petite, J. (1985). Aspects cliniques observes lors d’une épidémie de 415 cas de fièvre Q. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr., 115, 814–818.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dupuis, G.. Petite. J.. Peter. O., & Vouilloz, M. (1987). An important outbreak of human Q fever in a Swiss Alpine Valley. Int. J. Epidemiol., 16, 282–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial. Experimental Q fever in man. (1950). Br. Med. J., 1, 1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Editorial comment on Q fever transmitted by blood transfusion—United States. (1977). Can. Dix. Wkly. Rep., 3, 210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eklund, C. M., Parker, R. R., & Lackman, D. B. (1947). Case of Q fever probably contracted by exposure to ticks in nature. Pub. Health Rep., 62, 1413–1416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enright, J. B., Franti, C. E., Behymer, D. E., Longhurst, W. M., Dutson, V. J., & Wright, M. E. (1971). Coxiella burnetii in a wildlife-livestock environment. Distribution of Q lever in wild mammals. Am. J. Epidemiol., 94, 79–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Errasti, C. A., Baranda, M. M., Almaraz, J. L. H., Torres, C., de la Torres, H, Gutierrez, E. M., Navarro, J. L. V., and Pena, V. S. (1984). An outbreak of Q fever in the Basque country. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 113, 48–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrov, Z., Bruck, R., Shtalrid. M., et al. (1984). Histiocytic hemophagocytosis in Q fever. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 108, 7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein, M., Yesner, R., & Marks, J. L. (1946). Epidemics of Q fever among troops reluming from Italy in the spring of 1945. I. Clinical aspects of the epidemic at Camp Patrick Henry. Virginia. Am. J. Hyg., 44, 72–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, P. R., Hunt, J.G., & Murphy, A. M. (1983). Detection and persistence of specific IgM antibody to Coxiella burnetii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a comparison with immuno-fluorescence and complement fixation tests. J. Infect. Dis., 148, 477–487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiset, P., Ormsbee, R. A., Silberman, R., Peacock, M., & Spielman, S. H. (1969). A microagglutination technique for detection and measurement of rickettsial antibodies. Acta Virol., 13, 60–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiset, P., Wisseman, C. I. Jr., & El-Bataine, Y. (1975). Immunologic evidence of human fetal infection with Coxiella hurnetii. Am. J. Epidemiol., 101, 65–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, D. B., & Raoult, D. (1992). A cluster of Coxiella burnetii infections associated with exposure to vaccinated goats and their unpasteurized dairy products. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 47, 35–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franti, C. E., Behymer, D. E., Goggin, J. E., & Wright, M. E. (1974). Splenomegaly, sex, and other characteristics of laboratoryanimals used for primary isolation of Coxiella burnetii. Lab. Anim. Sci., 24, 656–665.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz, E.. Thiele, D., Williams, H., & Wittenbrink, M. M. (1995). Quantification of Coxiella hurnelii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a colorimetric microtiter plate hybridization assay (CMHA). Eur. J. Epidemiol., 11, 549–557.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerth, H.-J., Leidig, U., & Reimenschneidcr, Th. (1982). Q-fieber-epidcmie in einem Institut fur Humanpathologie. Dtsch. Med. Wochenchr., 107, 1391–1395.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonder, J. C., Kishimoto, R. A., Kastello, M. D., Pedersen, C. E. Jr.. & Larson, E. W. (1979). Cynomolgus monkey model for experimental Q fever infection. J. Infect Dis., 139, 191–196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, J. D., MacKeen, A. D., Marrie, T. J., & Fraser, D. B. (1984). The radiographic features of epidemic and sporadic Q fever pneumonia. J. Can. Assoc. Radial., 35, 293–296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grist, N. R. (1959). The persistence of Q fever infection in a dairy herd. Vet. Rec., 71, 839–841.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackstadt, T. (1988). Steric hindrance of antibody binding to surface proteins of Coxiella burnetii by phase I lipopolysaccharide. Infect. Immun., 56, 802–807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackstadt, T., Peacock, N. G., Hitchcock, P. J., and Cole. R. L. (1985). Lipopolysaccharide variation in Coxiella burnetii: intrastrain heterogenicity in structure and antigenicity. Infect. Immun., 48, 359–365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. J., Richmond, S. J., Caul, E. O., Pearce, N. H., & Silver, I. A. (1992). Laboratory outbreak of Q fever acquired from sheep. Lancet, I, 1004–1006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, J. B. (1949). Q fever in Great Britain: clinical account of eight cases. Lancet, 2, 1028–1030.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinzen, R., Stiegler, G. L., Whiting, L. L., Schmitt, S. A.. Mallavia, L. P., & Frazier, M. S. (1990). Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to differentiate Coxiella burnetii strains. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 590, 504–513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilbink, F., Penrose, M., Kovacova, E., & Kazar, J. (1993). Q fever is absent from New Zealand. Int. J. Epidemiol., 22, 945–949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Homibrook, J. W. (1940). An institutional outbreak of pneumonitis. I. Epidemiologic and clinical studies. Publ. Health Rep., 55, 1936–1944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, R. J. (1947). Report of an outbreak of Q fever at the National Institutes of Health. II. Epidemiological features. Am. J. Publ. Health, 37, 431–440.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huebner, R. J., Jellison, W. L., Beck, M. D., Parker, R. R., & Shepard, C. C. (1948). Q fever studies in Southern California. I. Recovery of Rickettsia burnetii from raw milk. Publ. Health Rep., 63, 214–222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irons, J. V., & Hooper, J. M. (1947). Q fever in the United States. II. Clinical data on an outbreak amongst slaughterhouse workers. JAMA, 133, 815–818.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irons, J. V., Topping, N. H., Shepard, C. C., & Cox, H. R. (1946). Outbreak of Q fever in the United States. Publ. Health Rep., 61, 784–785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irons, J. V., Murphy, J. N. Jr., & Wolfe, D. M. (1947). Q fever in the United States. III. Serological observations in an outbreak amongst stock handlers and slaughterhouse workers. JAMA, 133, 819–820.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janigan, D. J., & Marrie, T. J. (1983). An inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung in Q fever pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med., 30, 86–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janigan, D. T., & Marrie, T. J. (1990). Pathology of Q fever pneumonia, in: Q Fever, vol. 1, The Disease (T. J. Marrie, ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 162–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, M. M., & Bertagna, P. (1955). The geographical distribution of Q fever. Bull. WHO, 13, 829–860.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosatsky, T. (1984). Household outbreak of’ Q fever pneumonia related to a parturient cat. Lancet, ii, 1447–1449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumbiegel, E. R., & Wisniewski, H. J. (1970). Q fever in Milwaukee. H. Consumption of infected raw milk by human volunteers. Arch. Environ. Health, 21, 63–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruszewska, D., & Tyleswka-Wierzbanowska, S. K. (1993). Coxiella burnetii penetration into the reproductive system of male mice, promoting sexual transmission of infection. Infect. Immun., 61, 4188–4195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (1996). Diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever cultivation of Rickettsiae conorii from blood and skin samples using the centrifugation-shell viral technique and by detection of R. conorii in circulating endothelial cells: a 6-year follow-up. J. Clin. Microbiol., 34, 2722–2727.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Scola, B., Lepidi, H., & Raoult, D. (1997). Pathologic changes during acute Q fever: influence of the route of infection and inoculum size in infected guinea pigs. Infect. Immun., 65, 2443–2447.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, G. H. (1990). Coxiellosis (Q fever) in animals, in: Q Fever, vol. 1, The Disease (T. J. Marrie, ed.). Boca Raton, PL: CRC Press, pp. 24–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. M., Marrie, T. J., Covert, A. A., Waag, D. M., & Williams, J. C. (1988). Poker players pneumonia—an urban outbreak of Q fever following exposure to a parturient cat. N. Engl. J. Med., 319, 354–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin, T., Waag, D., Williams, J., & Marrie, T. J. (1991). Q fever: from deer to dog to man. Lancet, 337, 676–677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennette, E. H., & Welsh, H. H. (1951). Q fever in California. X. Recovery of Coxiella burnetii from the air of premises harbouring infected goats. Am. J. Hyg., 54, 44–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennette, E. H., Clark, W. H., & Dean, B. H. (1949). Sheep and goats and the epidemiology of Q fever in Northern California. Am. J. Trop. Med., 29, 527–541.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, D., Leiberman, D., Boldur, I., Manor, E., Hoffman, S., Schlaeffer, F., & Brath, A. (1995). Q-fever pneumonia in the Negev Region of Israel: A review of 20 patients hospitalized over a period of one year. J. Infect., 30, 135–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lille, R. D., Perrin, T. L., & Armstrong, C. (1941). An institutional outbreak of pneumonitis. III. Histopathology in man and rhesus monkeys in the pneumonitis due to the virus of “Q fever”. Publ. Health Rep., 56, 1419–1425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukacova, M., Kazar, J., Gajdosova, E., & Vaurekova, M. (1993). Phase variation of lipopolysaccharide of Coxiella burnetii, strain Priscilla during chick embryo yolk sac passaging. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 13, 285–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukacova, M., Kazar, J., & Gajdosova, E. (1994). Coxiella burnetii phase 1 and phase II proteins studied by SDS-PAGE. Acta Virol., 38, 263–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luoto, L., & Huebner, R. J. (1950). Q fever studies in Southern California. IX. Isolation of Q fever organisms from parturient placentas of naturally infected cows. Publ. Health Rep., 65, 541–544.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luoto, L., & Pickens, E. G. (1961). A resume of recent research seeking to define the Q fever problem. Am. J. Hyg., 74, 43–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallavia, L. P., Whiting, L. L., Minnick, M. F., Heinzen, R., Resche, D., Foreman, M., Baca, O. G., & Frazier, M. E. (1990). Strategy for detection and differentiation of Coxiella burnetii strains using polymerase chain reaction. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 590, 572–581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marmion, B. P., & Stoker, M. G. P. (1958). The epidemiology of Q fever in Great Britain. An analysis of the findings and some conclusions. Br. Med. J., 2, 809–816.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marmion, B. P., Stoker, M. G. P., Walker, C. B. V, & Carpenter, R. G. (1956). Q fever in Great Britain—epidemiological information from a serological survey of healthy adults in Kent and East Anglia. J. Hyg., 54, 118–140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J. (1985). Pneumonia and menigo-encephalitis due to Coxiella burnetii. J. Infect., 11, 59–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J. (1990a). Epidemiology of Q fever, in: Q Fever, vol. 1, The Disease (T. J. Marrie, ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 49–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J. (1990b). Acute Q fever, in: Q Fever, vol. I, The Disease (T. J. Marrie, ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 125–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., & Pollak, P. T. (1995). Seroepidemiology of Q fever in Nova Scotia: evidence for age dependant cohorts and geographical distribution. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 11, 47–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., & Raoult, D. (1992). Rickettsial infections of the central nervous system. Semin. Neurol., 12, 213–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Haldane, E. V., Noble, M. A., Faulkner, R. S., Martin, R. S., and Lee, S. H. (1981). Causes of atypical pneumonia: results of a 1-year prospective study. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 125, 1118–1123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Van Buren, J., Fraser, J., Haldane, E. V., Williams, J. C., & Kwan, C. (1985). Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia. Am. J. Publ. Health, 75, 763–766.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Schlech, W. F., Williams, J. C., & Yates, L. (1986). Q fever pneumonia associated with exposure to wild rabbits. Lancet, 1, 427–429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Durant, H., Williams, J. C., Mintz, E., & Waag, D. M. (1988). Exposure to parturient cats: a risk factor for acquisition of Q fiver in Maritime Canada. J. Infect. Dis., 158, 101–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Durant, H., & Yates, L. (1989a). Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study. Rev. Infect. Dis., 11, 586–599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Langille, D., Papukna, V., & Yates, L. (1989b). An outbreak of Q fever in a truck repair plant. Epidemiol. Infect., 102, 119–127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Embil, J., & Yates, L. (1993). Seroepidemiology of Coxiella burnetii among wildlife in Nova Scotia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 49, 613–615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Peeling, R. W., Fine, M. J., Singer, D. E., Coley, C. M., & Kapoor, W. N. (1996a). Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The frequency of atypical agents and clinical course. Am. J. Med., 101, 508–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie, T. J., Stein, A., Janigan, D., & Raoult, D. (1996b). Route of infection determines clinical manifestations of acute Q fever. J. Infect. Dis., 173, 484–487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCaul, T. F. (1991). The developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii, in: Q Fever: The Biology of Coxiella burnetii (J. C. Williams & H. A. Thompson, eds.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 224–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaul, T. F, & Williams, J. C. (1981). Development cycle of Coxiella burnetii: structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations. J. Bacterial, 147, 1063–1076.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDade, J. E. (1990). Historical aspects of Q fever, in: Q Fever, vol. I, The Disease (T. J. Marrie, ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 5–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiklejohn, G., Reimer, L. G., Graves, P. S., & Helmick, C. (1981). Cryptic epidemic of Q fever in a medical school. J. Infect. Dis., 144, 107–114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minnick, M. K, Heinzen, R. A., Reschke, D. K., Frazier, M. E., & Mallavia, L. P. (1991). A plasmid-encoded surface protein found in chronic disease isolates of Coxiella burnelii. Infect. Immun., 59. 4735–4739.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, A. M., & Field, P. R. (1970). The persistence of complement fixing antibodies to Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) after infection. Med. J. Aust., 1, 1148–1150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musso, D., & Raoult, D. (1995). Coxiella burnetii by DNA amplification using Polymerase Chain Reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol, 33, 3129–3132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliphant, J. W., Gordon, D. A., Meis, A., & Parker, R. R. (1949). Q fever in laundry workers, presumably transmitted from contaminated clothing. Am. J. Hyg., 49, 76–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ormsbee, R. A. (1952). The growth of Coxiella burnetii in embyronated eggs. J. Bacterial., 63, 73–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ormsbee, R. A. (1965). Q fever rickettsia,, in: Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, 4th ed. (F. L. Horsfall, & I. Tamm, eds.), Philadelphia: Lippincott, pp. 1144–1160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, N. C., Kierstead, M., Key, D. W., Williams, J. C., Peacock, M. G., & Vellend, H. (1983). Placentitis and abortion in sheep and goats in Ontario caused by Coxiella burnetii. Can. Vet. J., 24, 60–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peabody, R. G., Wall, P. G., Ryan, M. J., & Fairley, C. (1996). Epidemiological features of Coxiella burnetii infection in England and Wales. Commun. Dis. Rep., 6, R128–R132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-del-Molino, A., Aguado, J. M., Riancho, J. A., Sampredo, I., Matorras, P., & Gonzales-Macias, J. (1991). Erythromycin and the treatment of Coxiella burnetii pneumonia. 7. Antimicrob. Chemother., 28, 455–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrin, T. L. (1949). Histopathologic observations in a fatal case of Q fever. Arch. Pathol, 47, 361–365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peter, O., Dupuis, G., & Peacock, M. (1985). Evaluation of the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence test in the early diagnosis of primary Q fever. Eur: J. Clin. Microbiol., 4, 394–396.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickworth, F. E., El-Soussi, M., Wells, I. P., McGavin, C. R., & Reilly, S. (1991). The radiological appearances of Q fever pneumonia.. Clin. Radiol, 44, 150–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polydorou, K. (1981). Q fever in Cyprus: a short review. Br. Vet. J., 137. 470–477.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, O. W., Kennedy, K. P., Mclver, M., & Silverstone, H. (1962). Tetracycline in the treatment of Q fever. Aust. Ann. Med., 11, 184–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, P. W. (1983). Feline Medicine, 1st ed. Santa Barbara, CA: American Veterinary Publications, pp. 521–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qizilbash, A. H. (1983). The pathology of Q fever as seen on liver biopsy. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 107, 364–367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raju, N. R., Collings, D. F., & Svaille, P. H. (1988). Abortion in black belly sheep in Fiji caused by Coxiella burnetii. Aust. Vet. J., 65, 225–226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, H. S., Hodges, R. E., & Meroney, WH. (1957). Q fever: report of a case simulating lymphoma. Ann. Intern. Med., 47, 1030–1035.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raoult, D., & Stein, A. (1994). Q fever during pregnancy. A risk factor for women, fetuses and obstetricians. N. Engl J. Med., 330, 371. Letter.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, S., Northwood, J. L., & Caul, E. O. (1990). Q fever in Plymouth, 1972—88. A review with particular reference to neurological manifestations. Epidemiol. Infect., 105, 391–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardus, J. H., Duma, A. M., Huisman, J., et al. (1985). Q fever in infancy: a review of 18 cases. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 4, 369–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, F. C., & Regan, C. A. (1946). Q fever in the Mediterranean area: report of its occurrence in allied troops. I. Clinical features of the disease. Am. J. Hyg., 44, 6–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, F. C., Gauld, R. L., & Warner, F. B. (1946). Q fever in the Mediterranean area: report of its occurrence in allied troops. II. Epidemiology. Am. J. Hyg., 44, 23–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, M. M., Howells, B., Glencross, E. J. G., Evans, A. D., & Palmer, S. R. (1982). Q fever in an urban area. Lancet, 1, 1002–1004.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, J. E., Frazier, M. E., & Mallavia, L. P. (1985). Correlation of plasmid type and disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Infect. Immun., 49, 775–777.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, J., Sung, M., & Meyer, K. F. (1971). Potential danger of Q fever in a university environment. 7. Infect. Dis., 123, 301–304.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schramek, S., & Mayer, H. (1982). Different sugar compositions of lipopolysaccharides isolated from phase I and pure phase II cells of Coxiella burnetii. Infect. Immun., 38, 53–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekeyová, Z., Kovacova, E., Kazar, J., Toman, R., & Olvecka, S. (1995). Monoclonal antibodies to Coxiella burnetii that cross-react with strain Nine Mile. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol, 2, 531–534.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, C. C. (1947). an outbreak of Q fever in a Chicago packing house. Am. J. Hyg.. 46, 185–192.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. L., Wellings, R., Walker, C., Ayres, J. G., & Surge, P. S. (1991). The chest x-ray in Q-fever—a report on 69 cases from the 1989 West Midlands outbreak. Br. J. Radiol., 64, 1101–1108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. L., Ayres, J. G., Blair, I., et al. (1993). A large Q fever outbreak in the West Midlands: clinical aspects. Respir. Med., 87, 509–516.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobradillo, V., Ansola, P., Baranda, F, & Corral, C. (1989). Q fever pneumonia: a review of 164 community-acquired cases in the Basque country. Eur. Respir. J., 2, 263–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somma-Moreira, R. E., Caffarena, R. M., Somma, S., Pérez, G., & Monteiro, M. (1987). Analysis of Q fever in Uruguay. Rev. Infect. Dis., 9, 386–387.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spelman, D. W. (1981). Q fever: a study of 111 consecutive cases. Med. J. Aust., 1, 547–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicknall, C. G., Huebner, R. J., Finger, J. A., & Blocker, W. P. (1947). Report of an outbreak of Q fever at the National Institute of Health. I. Clinical Features. Ann. Intern. Med., 27, 28–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A., & Raoult, D. (1992a). Detection of Coxiella burnetii by DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol., 30, 2462–2466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A., & Raoult, D. (1992b). Phenotypic and genotypic heterogenicity of eight new human Coxiella burnetii isolates. Acta Virol., 36, 7–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A., Saunders, N. A., Taylor, A. G., & Raoult, D. (1993). Phylogenic homogeneity of Coxiella burnetii strains as determined by 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 113, 339–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoker, M. G., & Marmion, B. P. (1955). The spread of Q fever from animals to man. The natural history of a rickettsial disease. Bull. WHO, 13, 781–806.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoker, M. G. P., & Fiset, P. (1956). Phase variation of the Nine Mile and other strains of Rickettsia burnetii. Can. J. Microbiol., 2, 310–321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiele, D., Willems, H., Kopf, G., & Krauss, H. (1993). Polymorphism in DNA restriction patterns of Coxiella burnetii isolates investigated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and image analysis. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 9, 419–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiele, D., Willems, H., & Krauss, H. (1994). The 16S/23S ribosomal spacer region of Coxiella burnetii. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 10, 421–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, H. A. (1991). Metabolism of Coxiella burnetii, in: Q Fever: the Biology of Coxiella burnetii. (J. C. Williams & H. A. Thompson, eds.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 132–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiggert, W. D., & Benenson, A. S. (1956). Studies on Q fever in man. Trails. Assoc. Am. Phys., 69, 98–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tissot-Dupont, H., Raoult, D., Brouqui, P., Janbon, F, Peyramond, D., Weiller, P.-J., Chicheportiche, C., Nezri, M., & Poirier, R. (1992). Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients: 323 French cases. Am. J. Med., 93, 427–434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tissot-Dupont, H., Thirion, X., & Raoult, D. (1994). Q fever serologycut-off determination for microimmunofluorescence. din. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 1, 189–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • To, H., Kako, N., Zhang, G. Q., Otsuka, H., Ogawa, M., Ochiai, O., Nguyen, S., Yamaguchi, T., Fukushi, H., Nagaoka, N., Akiyama, M., Amano, K., & Hirai, K. (1996). Q fever pneumonia in children in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol., 34, 647–651.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topping, N. H., Shepard, C, C., & Irons, J. V. (1947). Q fever in the United States. I. Epidemiologic studies of an outbreak amongst stock handlers and slaughterhouse workers. JAMA, 133, 813–815.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valková, D., & Kazar, J. (1995). A new plasmid (QpDV) common to Coxiella burnetii isolates associated with acute and chronic Q fever. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 125, 275–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Viciana, P., Pachon, J., Cuello, J. A., Palomino, J., Jimenez-Mejias, M. E., & Cisneros, J. M. (1992). Fever of indeterminate duration in the community. A seven year study in the South of Spain. 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 11–14, Washington, D.C. Abstract 683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, H. H., Lennette, E. H., Abinanti, F. R., & Winn, J. F. (1953). Q fever in California: IV. Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in the birth fluids of naturally infected sheep, Am. J. Hyg., 58, 385–388.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, H. H., Lennette, E. H., Abinanti, R. F, & Winn, J. F. (1958). Air-borne transmission of Q fever: The role of parturition in the generation of infective aerosols. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 70, 528–540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Walter C. McKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada

    Thomas J. Marrie

Authors
  1. Thomas J. Marrie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Thomas J. Marrie

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marrie, T.J. (2002). Q Fever. In: Marrie, T.J. (eds) Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46834-4_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46834-4_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46432-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46834-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation