Summary
Community-acquired pneumonia is an illness with a wide diversity of clinical presentations. These presentations continue to evolve because of changes related to the host (increasing age; more people living in nursing homes; increasing numbers of immunosuppressed persons living in the community) and changes related to the causative micro-organisms, including increasing prevalence of penicillin- and multidrug-resistant subspecies of S, pneumoniae, and the discovery of new pathogens such as Hantavirus, C. pneumoniae, and Legionella species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albaum, M. N., Hill, L. C., Murphy, M., Li, Y.-H., Fuhrman, C. R., Britton, C. A., Kapoor, W. N., Fine, M. J., & PORT investigators. (1996). Interobserver reliability of the chest radiograph in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest, 110, 345–350.
Cochrane, A. L., Chapman, P. J., & Oldham, P. D. (1951). Ob-servers’ errors in taking medical histories. Lancet, 1, 1007–1008.
Fekety, F. R. Jr., Caldwell, J., Gump, D., Johnson, J. E., Maxson, W., Mulholland, J., & Thorburn, R. (1971). Bacteria, viruses and mycoplasms in acute pneumonia in adults. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 104, 499–507.
Fine, M. J., Auble, T. E., Yealy, D. M., Hanusa, B. H., Weissfeld, L. A., Singer, D. E., Coley, C. M., Marrie, T. J., & Kapoor, W. N. (1997). A prediction rule to identify low risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med., 336, 243–250.
Fine, M. J., Stone, R. A., Singer, D. E., Coley, C. M., Marrie, T. J., Lave, J. R., Hough, L. J., Obrosky, D. S., Schulz, R., Ricci, E. M., Rogers, J. C., & Kapoor, W. N. (1999). Processes and outcomes of cases for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Results from the pneumonia outcome research team (PORT) cohort study. Arch. Intern. Med., 159. 970–980.
Lave, J. R., Fine, M. J., Sankey, S. S., Hanusa, B. H., Weissfeld, L. A., & Kapoor, W. N. (1996). Hospitalized pneumonia. Outcomes, treatment patterns, and costs in urban and rural areas. J. Gen. Intern. Med., 11, 415–421.
Marrie, T. J., Durant, H., & Yates, L. (1989). Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year pro-spective study. Rev. Infect. Dis., 11, 586–599.
Metlay, J. P., Fine, M. J., Schulz, R., Marrie, T. J., Coley, C. M., Kapoor, W. N., & Singer, D. E. (1997a). Measuring symp-tomatic and functional recovery in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Gen. Intern. Med., 12, 423–430.
Metlay, J. P., Kapoor, W. N., & Fine, M. J. (1997b). Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination. JAMA, 278, 1440–1445.
Metlay, J. P., Schultz, R., Li, Y.-H., Singer, D. E., Marrie, T. J., Coley, C. M., Hough, L. J., Obrosky, D. S., Kapoor, W. N., & Fine, M. J. (1997c). Influence of age on symptoms at presentation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch. Intern. Med., 157, 1453–1459.
Niederman, M. S., McCombs, J. S., Unger, A. N., Kumar, A., & Popovian, R. (1998). The cost of treating community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Ther., 20, 820–837.
Spiteri, M. A., Cook, D. G., & Clarke, S. W. (1988). Reliability of eliciting physical signs in examinations of the chest. Lancet, 1, 873–875.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marrie, T.J. (2002). Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. In: Marrie, T.J. (eds) Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46834-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46834-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46432-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46834-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive