Skip to main content

Carnitine Biosynthesis

Purification of γ-butyrobetaine Hydroxylase from Rat Liver

  • Chapter
Current Views of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 466))

Summary

γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyses the last step in carnitine biosynthesis, the formation of L-carnitine from γbutyrobetaine, a reaction dependent on Fe2+, α-ketoglutarate, ascorbate and oxygen. Initial attempts to purify the protein from rat liver showed that γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase is unstable. We, therefore, determined the influence of various compounds on the stability of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase at different storage temperatures. The enzyme activity was best conserved by storing the protein at 4°C in the presence of 200 g/1 glycerol and l0mM DTT. We subsequently purified the enzyme from rat liver to apparent homogeneity by liquid chromatography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Fraenkel, G. & Friedman, S. (1957) Carnitine. In: Vitamins & Hormones, edited by R.S. Harris, G.F. Marian & K.V. Thimann. New York: Academic, 15, 73–118.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carter, H.E., Bhattacháryya, P.K., Weidman, K..R. & Fraenkel, G. (1952) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 38, 405–416, Chemical studies on vitamin B T isolation & characterization as carnitine.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fritz, I.B. (1955) Acta Physiol. Scand., 34, 367–385, The effect of muscle extracts on the oxidation of palmitic acid by liver slices & homogenates.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Friedman, S. & Fraenkel, G. (1955) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 59, 491–501. Reversible enzymatic acetylation of carnitine.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bremer, J. (1983) Physiol. Rev., 63, 1420–1480, Carnitine-Metabolism and Functions.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rebouche, C.J. & Engel, A.G. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 630, 22–29, Tissue distribution of carnitine biosynthetic enzymes in man.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hulse, J.D. & Henderson, L.M. (1980) J. Biol. Chem., 255, 1146–1151, Carnitine Biosynthesis: Purification of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from beef liver.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Englard, S. (1979) FEBS Letters, 102, 297–300, Hydroxylation of γ-butyrobetaine to carnitine in human and monkey tissues.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lindstedt, G. & Linstedt, S. (1970) J. Biol. Chem., 245, 4178–4186, Cofactor requirements of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from rat liver.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lindstedt, S. & Nordin, I. (1984) Biochem. J., 223, 119–127, Multiple forms of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.1).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lindstedt, G., Lindstedt, S. & Nordin, I. (1982) Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 42, 477–485, γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase in human kidney.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kondo, A., Blanchard, J.S. & Englard, S. (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 212, 338–346, Purification and properties of calf liver γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lindstedt, G. (1967) Biochemistry, 6, 1271–1282, Hydroxylation of γ-butyrobetaine to carnitine in rat liver.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Galland, S., Leborgne, F., Guyonnet, D., Clouet, P. & Demarquoy, J. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biochem., 178, 163–168, Purification and characterization of the rat liver γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lindstedt, G, Lindstedt, S. & Nordin, I. (1977) Biochemistry, 16, 2181–2188, Purification and properties of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas sp AK 1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Carter, A.L., Abney, T.O. & Lapp, D.F. (1995) J. Child Neurol, 10(Suppl), 2S3–2S7, Biosynthesis and metabolism of carnitine.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Barth, P.G., Scholte, H.R., Berden, J.A. Van der Klei-Van Moorsel, J.M., Luyt-Houwen, I.E., Van’t Veer-Korthof, E.T., Van der Marten, J.J. & Sobotka-Plojhar, M.A. (1983) J. Neurol. Sci., 62, 327–355, An X-linked mitochondrial disease affecting cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and neutrophil leucocytes.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bradford, M.M. (1976) Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vaz, F.M., van Gool, S., Ofman, R., IJ1st, L., Wanders, R.J.A. (2002). Carnitine Biosynthesis. In: Quant, P.A., Eaton, S. (eds) Current Views of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 466. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46818-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46818-2_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46200-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46818-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics