Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa pp 101-118 | Cite as
Private Game Reserves in Southern Africa
- 1 Citations
- 1k Downloads
Abstract
Private game reserves now number about 11,600 in South Africa, covering in the order of 21 million hectares. It has become a USD 1 billion industry based on the sustainable use of wildlife as a natural resource. This has resulted in a 40-fold increase in the number of wildlife from the early 1960s to today with South Africa now having more wildlife than at any point in time during the past 200 years. This chapter discusses the economics of this industry and uses lions and rhinoceros as illustrative examples of how the placing of a commercial value on wildlife species can turn the tide from a decline in numbers and local extinctions, toward healthy populations. The game capture and wildlife veterinary services, fencing and transportation, disease control and nutrition are furthermore discussed in illuminating the evolution of a thriving private game reserve industry.
Keywords
Private game reserve Economic value of wildlife Evolution of industry South AfricaReferences
- Bigalke, R. (1950). Science and the conservation of wildlife in South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association, 21, 166–172.Google Scholar
- Carruthers, J. (2008). Wilding the farm or farming the wild? The evolution of scientific game ranching in South Africa from the 1960s to the present. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 63(2), 160–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Child, B. (2012). The sustainable use approach could save South Africa’s rhinos. South African Journal of Science, 108(7/8), 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- CIC. (2012). Newsletter no. 2. Retrieved from www.cic-wildlife.org
- Dry, G. C. (2012). The face of green economy. Wildlife Ranching, 5(3), 16.Google Scholar
- Dry, G. C. (2013). Strategic repositioning of WRSA. Wildlife Ranching, 6(2), 1.Google Scholar
- du Bothma, J. P. (2010). Game ranch management. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.Google Scholar
- Du Toit, J. G., Penzhorn, B. L., & van Heerden, J. (2010). Bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases. In J. P. du Bothma (Ed.), Game ranch management (pp. 295–330). Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.Google Scholar
- Hall, C. M. S. (2012). An investigation into the financial feasibility of intensive commercial white rhino farming in South Africa. Dissertation, University of Pretoria.Google Scholar
- Harthoorn, A. M. (1970). The flying syringe: ten years of immobilising wild animals in Africa. London: Geoffrey Bless.Google Scholar
- Henschel, P., Coad, L., Burton, C., Chataigner, B., Dunn, A., MacDonald, D., Saidu, Y., & Hunter, L. T. B. (2014). The lion in west Africa is critically endangered. PloS One, 9(1), e83500. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hoffman, L. C., Van Schalkwyk, S., & Muller, N. (2009). Effect of season and gender on the physical and chemical composition of black wildebeest (Connochaetus gnou) meat. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 39(2), 170–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- IUCN. (2006). Conservation strategy for lion (Panthera leo) in eastern and southern Africa. Gland: IUCN. Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://www.catsg.org/catsgportal/bulletin-board/05_strategies/Lion%20Conserv%20Strat%20E&S%20Africa%202006.pdf
- Kettlitz, W. K. (1962). Game on farms. Fauna and Flora, 13, 19–24.Google Scholar
- Kohn, T. A., Hoffman, L. C., & Myburgh, K. H. (2007). Identification of myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscle of four southern African wild ruminants. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 148(2), 399–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kok, L. G. (1984). The place of the game industry in the structure of government. In: South African Agricultural Union, National Game Committee (pp. 29–30). Report of the 2nd National Game Congress, Pretoria, 13–15 Sept 1984.Google Scholar
- Lichtenstein, G. (2010). Vicuna conservation and poverty alleviation. International Journal of the Commons, 4(1), 100–121.Google Scholar
- Lindsay, P., Alexander, R., Balme, G., Midlane, N., & Craig, J. (2012). Possible relationships between the South African captive bred lion hunting industry and the hunting and conservation of lions elsewhere in Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 24(1), 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lundholm, B. (1952). Game farming: Is it a feasible proposition? African Wildlife, 6(2), 121–128 & 137–138.Google Scholar
- Luxmoore, R. (1985). Game farming in South Africa as a force in conservation. Oryx, 19(4), 225–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mossman, S. L., & Mossman, A. S. (1976). Wildlife utilization and game ranching (IUCN Occasional Paper No. 17). Gland: IUCNGoogle Scholar
- Nowers, R. (2013). History predicts future. Wildlife Ranching, 6(2), 27–29.Google Scholar
- Transvaal Province. (1945). Report of the game commission of inquiry TP6. Pretoria: Government Printers.Google Scholar
- Ramsay, K. A., & Musetha, V. (2008). The role of the department of agriculture in the development of a sustainable wildlife ranching sector in South Africa. In: Wildlife ranching in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
- Skead, C. J. (1948). What price your game. African Wildlife, 3(2), 18–21.Google Scholar
- Skead, C. J. (1950). The game goes to market. African Wildlife, 4(1), 72–74.Google Scholar
- Skinner, J. D. (1967). An appraisal of the eland as a farm animal in Africa. Animal Breeding Abstracts, 35, 177–186.Google Scholar
- Skinner, J. D. (1970). Game-ranching in Africa as a source of meat for local consumption and export. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2(3), 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Smithers, R. H. N. (1983). The mammals of the southern African subregion. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.Google Scholar
- South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs. (2012). South African yearbook 2011/2012 (pp. 191–216). Pretoria: Government Printers.Google Scholar
- Stevenson-Hamilton, J. (1947). Wildlife in South Africa. London: Cassell and Co.Google Scholar
- Van Hoven, W. (2013). Wildlife ranching is a real “green economy”. Agriland, 27(4), 30–31.Google Scholar
- Van Hoven, W., & Viljoen, H. (1995). Fair game: economics of game ranch investment. Debrett’s international collection (pp. 110–113). London: Stirling.Google Scholar
- Vincent, J. (1962). The distribution of ungulates in Natal. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums, 2, 110–117.Google Scholar
- Young, E. (1970). The diagnosis and control of game diseases. Zoologica Africana, 5, 167–177.Google Scholar
- Young, E. (1972). Considerations of large-scale vaccination of free-living game. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 43, 189–191.Google Scholar