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Epigenetics in Autoinflammation

  • Clara Lorente-Sorolla
  • Mihai G. Netea
  • Esteban BallestarEmail author
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of inflammation involve a series of processes that start as extracellular signals that interact with membrane-bound receptors, cell signaling cascades, nuclear factors, and epigenetic enzymes that activate a specific gene expression program. Environmental factors and/or genetic defects can result in constitutive activation of this program. Recent studies highlight the relevance of epigenetic (dys)regulation in these processes and suggest several implications of these mechanisms and alterations in the clinical management of patients with autoinflammatory diseases. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the latest findings related to the epigenetic control in the function of myeloid cells as main effectors of inflammation, as well as the latest findings in the field of autoinflammatory diseases.

Keywords

Autoinflammation Epigenetics DNA methylation Myeloid cells 

Abbreviations

5hmC

5-hydroxymethylcytosine

5mC

5-methylcytosine

AID

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase

AIM2

Absent in melanoma 2

AP-1

Activator protein

ASC

Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein

C/EBPα

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein

CAPS

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes

CD

Crohn disease

CNO

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis

CREB

cAMP response element-binding protein

DAMPs

Danger-associated molecular patterns

DNMTs

DNA methyltransferases

EBF1

Early B cell factor 1

ETS

E26 transformation-specific

FCAS

Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome

FMF

Familial Mediterranean fever

HATs

Histone acetyltransferases

HDACs

Histone deacetylases

HIDS

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome

HMTs

Histone methyltransferases

HSCs

Hematopoietic stem cells

IKKs

IκB kinases

IL

Interleukin

IRAK

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases

IRF

Interferon-regulatory factors

I-SRE

Intronic enhancer element

JmjC

Jumonji domain-containing proteins

JNK

c-Jun N-terminal kinases

LPS

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPKs

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

MKD

Mevalonate kinase deficiency

MWS

Muckle-Wells syndrome

NLR

NOD-like receptor

NOMID

Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease

PAMPs

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PAX5

Paired box protein 5

PGE2

Prostaglandin E2

PRRs

Pattern-recognition receptors

STAT

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TET

Ten-eleven translocation

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor

TRAF

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor

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Copyright information

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Clara Lorente-Sorolla
    • 1
  • Mihai G. Netea
    • 2
    • 3
  • Esteban Ballestar
    • 1
    Email author
  1. 1.Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC)Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
  2. 2.Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Expertisecenter on Immunodeficiency and AutoinflammationRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
  3. 3.Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany

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