Abstract
Rectal prolapse is a common ailment that can be very distressing to those affected. It will be encountered relatively commonly by the practicing surgeon. Often patients have suffered for years before seeking medical care due to the embarrassment associated with this condition. Disease is often associated with derangements in bowel function such as fecal incontinence or constipation. It may also be associated with other pelvic floor disorders, often warranting multidisciplinary workup. It is essential to have a basic understanding of the workup and surgical treatment of this condition due to the varied presentations and multitude of available surgical options. This chapter serves to provide that basis with an easy-to-navigate algorithm and brief narrative.
Keywords
Rectal prolapse Ventral rectopexy Resection rectopexy Suture rectopexy Perineal proctosigmoidectomy Fecal incontinenceReferences
- 1.Jacobs L, Lin Y, Orkin B. The best operation for rectal prolapse. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:49–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Madiba T, Baig M, Wexner S. Surgical management of rectal prolapse. Arch Surg. 2005;140:63–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Broden B, Snellman B. Procidentia of the rectum studied with cineradiography: a contribution to the discussion of causative mechanism. Dis Colon Rectum. 1968;11:330–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Roig J, Buch E, Alo´s R, et al. Anorectal function in patients with complete rectal prolapse: differences between continent and incontinent individuals. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1998;90:794–805.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Kuijpers H. Treatment of complete rectal prolapse: to narrow, to wrap, to suspend, to fix, to encircle, to plicate or to resect? World J Surg. 1992;16:826–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Nicholls R. Rectal prolapse and the solitary ulcer syndrome. Ann Ital Chir. 1994;65:157–62.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Yakut M, Kaymakciioglu N, Simsek A, et al. Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse: a retrospective analysis of 94 cases. Int Surg. 1998;83:53–5.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Stein E, Stein DE. Rectal procidentia: diagnosis and management. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2006;16:189–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Marceau C, Parc Y, Debroux E, et al. Complete rectal prolapse in young patients: psychiatric disease a risk factor of poor outcome. Color Dis. 2005;7:360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Mellgren A, Bremmer S, Johansson C, et al. Defecography. Results of investigations in 2,816 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37:1133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Hatch Q, Steele S. Rectal prolapse and intussusception. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2013;42:837–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Hiltunen K, Matikainen M, Auvinen O, et al. Clinical and manometric evaluation of anal sphincter function in patients with rectal prolapse. Am J Surg. 1986;151:489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Keighley M, Fielding J, Alexander-Williams J. Results of Marlex mesh abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse in 100 consecutive patients. Br J Surg. 1983;70:229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Madoff R, Mellgren A. One hundred years of rectal prolapse surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Kim D, Tsang C, Wong W, et al. Complete rectal prolapse: evolution of management and results. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(4):460–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Ternent C, Bastawrous A, Morin N, et al. Practice parameters for the evaluation and management of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Jorge J, Habr-Gama A, Wexner SD. Biofeedback therapy in the colon and rectal practice. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2003;28:47–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Khaikin M, Wexner S. Treatment strategies in obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(20):3168–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Harvey C, Halligan S, Bartram C, et al. Evacuation proctography: a prospective study of diagnostic and therapeutic effects. Radiology. 1999;211:223–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Rashid Z, Basson M. Association of rectal prolapse with colorectal cancer surgery. Surgery. 1996;119:51–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Deen K, Grant E, Billingham C, et al. Abdominal resection rectopexy with pelvic floor repair versus perineal rectosigmoidectomy and pelvic floor repair for full thickness rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1994;81(2):302–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Senapati A, Gray RG, Middleton LJ, et al. PROSPER: a randomised comparison of surgical treatments for rectal prolapse. Color Dis. 2013;15(7):858–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Johansen O, Wexner S, Daniel L, et al. Perineal rectosigmoidectomy in the elderly. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:767–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Yoshioka K, Ogunbiyi O, Keighley M. Pouch perineal rectosigmoidectomy gives better functional results than conventional rectosigmoidectomy in elderly patients with rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 1998;85:1525–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Consten EC, van Iersel JJ, Verheijen PM, et al. Long-term outcome after laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy: an observational study of 919 consecutive patients. Ann Surg. 2015;262(5):742–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Kellokumpu I, Virozen J, Scheinin T. Laparoscopic repair of rectal prolapse: a prospective study evaluating surgical outcome and changes in symptoms and bowel function. Surg Endosc. 2000;14:634–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019