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Abscisic Acid Signaling and Biosynthesis: Protein Structures and Molecular Probes

  • Jonathan D. M. Helander
  • Sean R. Cutler
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an apocarotenoid plant hormone that mediates responses to abiotic stress and modulates multiple growth and developmental processes. ABA acts through a negative regulatory signaling module that is present in all land plant genomes sequenced. Here we review ABA’s biosynthesis, perception, and its core signaling network, focusing on the wealth of X-ray crystallographic data for the receptors, phosphatases, and kinases that form the core ABA response module. We unite these structural insights with progress in the development of ABA biosynthesis and signaling modulators and cover both inhibitors of 9-cis-expoycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and ABA receptor modulators including the agonist quinabactin and antagonist AS6. Quinabactin preferentially activates dimeric subfamily III ABA receptors and its biological activity has defined pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1) and its close relatives as key targets for controlling transpiration. Structural analyses of receptor-ligand complexes have facilitated the design of ABA analogs such as AS6 that antagonize signaling by disrupting receptor-PP2C interactions. Thus, the extensive structural data now available is facilitating the development of chemical and genetic tools to manipulate ABA biosynthesis and signaling and has refined our understanding of these new druggable target sites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideUSA

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