Gastrointestinal Physiology pp 317-351 | Cite as
Gastrointestinal Growth and Development: From Embryo to Adult. The Aging Gut
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system is one of the first systems to develop during the process of ontogenesis. Any disorder of GI tract during this period can result to serious consequences on the organism. Therefore, it is important to address the processes of normal development of the GI tract. This chapter provides data on the origin as well as structure and functions of the developing GI tract at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels at different stages of ontogenesis. The chapter also provides the fundamental concepts and principles governing the developing GI tract beginning from the formation of the primitive gut to maturity and also discusses the processes of aging of the gut up to old age.
Keywords
GI growth GI development Primitive gut GI aging Fetal gut Newborn gut Infant Geriatrics Old age Gut microbesAbbreviations
- EGF
Epidermal growth factor
- Epo
Erythropoietin
- FGF
Fibroblast growth factor
- GDNF
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
- GFRα1
GDNF family receptor-α1
- GH
Growth hormone
- GI
Gastrointestinal
- GLP-2
Glucagon-like peptide-2
- Hand2
Heart And Neural Crest Derivatives-expressed Protein 2
- HGF
Hepatocyte growth factor
- ICC
Interstitial cells of Cajal
- IGF-1
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- KGF
Keratinocyte growth factor
- NCCs
Neural crest cells
- NEC
Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Phox2b
Paired-like homeobox 2b
- RET
Rearrangement during transformation
- Sox10
SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 10
- TGFβ
Transforming Growth Factor beta
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