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Renal Adenosine in Health and Disease

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The Adenosine Receptors

Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC,volume 34))

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Abstract

Adenosine-dependent regulation of renal function in healthy and diseased kidney is mediated by activation of the four types of P1 purinergic adenosine receptors (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR). The dominant effect of an elevation of plasma adenosine in the renal vasculature is an A2AAR- and A2BAR-mediated vasodilatation that increases global as well as medullary renal blood flow and is in part endothelium-dependent. In addition, a high expression of A1AR in afferent glomerular arterioles can cause a localized vasoconstriction, especially when accessed from the vessel outside, a reaction most evident in the tubuloglomerular feedback response. Effects of adenosine on tubular transport are most pronounced in the proximal tubule where the nucleoside stimulates NaCl reabsorption in the subnormal concentration range while inhibiting transport at elevated levels. Because adenosine production increases in hypoxia, the issue of a role of the nucleoside in the renal injury following ischemia reperfusion has been studied extensively. Experimental evidence supports the notion that adenosine protects against ischemia-induced acute kidney injury by directly acting on renal endothelial and tubular A1AR. Moreover, adenosine protects against renal ischemic reperfusion injury by the anti-inflammatory effect of enhancing the activity of regulatory T cell and by attenuating the inflammatory injury produced by neutrophils via A2AR activation.

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Acknowledgments

Work by the authors cited in this review was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and Columbia University (HTL) and by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (JS).

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  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    H. Thomas Lee

  2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Jurgen Schnermann

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  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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  2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Katia Varani

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Gessi

  4. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

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  5. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Fabrizio Vincenzi

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Lee, H.T., Schnermann, J. (2018). Renal Adenosine in Health and Disease. In: Borea, P., Varani, K., Gessi, S., Merighi, S., Vincenzi, F. (eds) The Adenosine Receptors. The Receptors, vol 34. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90808-3_19

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