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Biomaterials in Total Joint Arthroplasty

  • Lindsey N. Bravin
  • Matthew J. Dietz
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Abstract

Total joint arthroplasties have increased significantly in number over the past several decades and appear to continue to increase exponentially in correlation with the demands of an aging population. The multifaceted approach to providing patients with a lasting implant is divided among the patient characteristics, surgical skills, and the biomaterials of the implant. The following chapter reviews the most commonly used biomaterials for total joint arthroplasty, their properties, their interaction with other implants, and the current progress in improving each material for greater stability, sterility, and survivability. This chapter also highlights the clinical relevance of these materials by presenting several case reports of failures of varying materials.

Keywords

Total joint arthroplasty Total joint replacement Biomaterials Polyethylene Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Polyethylene wear Ceramic Zirconium Cobalt chrome Metallosis Bearing surfaces Implant manufacturing 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Adam Klein and Dr. Ryan Murphy for sharing their expertise and experiences. The authors would also like to thank Suzanne Danley for her critical review and editing. The work reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 2U54GM104942-02. The Content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of OrthopedicsWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA

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