British Public Debt, the Acadian Expulsion and the American Revolution
Abstract
Starting in 1755, the French-speaking colonists of Atlantic Canada (known as the Acadians) were deported by the British. The expulsion was desired by the American colonists in New England but was ultimately opposed by the British government. In fact, the expulsion was enacted against the wishes of the Imperial government. Set against the backdrop of rising public debt in Britain, the costly expulsion of the Acadians (combined with the subsequent conquest of the French-speaking colony of Quebec) contributed to a change in policy course favoring centralization. Using public choice theory, I construct a narrative to argue that the Acadian expulsion contributed to the initiation of the American Revolution.
Notes
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to acknowledge the help of Alex Salter, Adam Martin, Manuel Bautista, Art Carden, John Lovett and Joshua Hall. The Free Market Institute at Texas Tech provided financial support.
References
- Akins T (1869) Public documents on the province of Nova Scotia. Charles Annand Publishers, Ann ArborGoogle Scholar
- Allen R (1992) His majesty’s Indian allies: British Indian policy in the defence of Canada, 1774–1815. Dundurn Press, TorontoGoogle Scholar
- Bordo M, Cortés-Conde R (2001) Transferring wealth and power from the Old and New World. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
- Broadberry S, Campbell BM, Klein A, Overton M, van Leeuwen B (2015) British economic growth, 1270–1870. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
- Clark G (2001) Debt, deficits, and crowding out: England, 1727–1840. Eur Rev Econ Hist 5(3):403–436Google Scholar
- Davis L, Huttenback R (1982) The cost of Empire. In: Ransom R, Sutch R, Walton G (eds) Explorations in the new economic history. Academic, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- de Figueiredo Jr R, Rakove J, Weingast B (2006) Rationality, inaccurate mental models, and self-confirming equilibrium: a new understanding of the American Revolution. J Theor Polit 18(4):384–415Google Scholar
- Eccleshall R, Walker G (1998) Biographical Dictionary of British prime ministers. Routledge, LondonGoogle Scholar
- Faragher JM (2005) A great and noble scheme: the tragic story of the expulsion of the French Acadians from their American homeland. W.W. Norton and Company, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- Faragher JM (2006) A great and noble scheme: thoughts on the expulsion of the Acadians. Acadiensis 36(1):82–92Google Scholar
- Geloso V (2015) Toleration of Catholics in Quebec and British public finances, 1760 to 1775. Essays Econ Bus Hist 33:51–80Google Scholar
- Greene J (1986) Peripheries and center: constitutional development in the extended polities of the British Empire and the United States, 1607–1788. University of Georgia Press, AthensGoogle Scholar
- Greene J (1994) Negotiated authorities: Essays in colonial political and constitutional history. Rutgers University Press, New BrunswickGoogle Scholar
- Greene J (2000) The American Revolution. Am Hist Rev 105(1):93–102Google Scholar
- Griffiths N (1992) The contexts of Acadian History, 1686–1784. McGill-Queen’s University Press, KingstonGoogle Scholar
- Gwyn J (1980) British government spending and the North American colonies 1740–1775. J Imp Commonw Hist 8(2):74–84Google Scholar
- Gwyn J (1998) Excessive expectations: maritime commerce and the economic development of Nova Scotia, 1740–1870. McGill-Queen’s University Press, KingstonGoogle Scholar
- Hully T (2012) The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the board of trade, and the evolution of imperial rule in the mid-eighteenth century. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa, OttawaGoogle Scholar
- Johnston A (2003) Borderland worries: loyalty oaths in Acadie/Nova Scotia, 1654–1755. Fr Colon Hist 4:31–48Google Scholar
- Krueger A (1974) The political economy of the rent-seeking society. Am Econ Rev 64(3):291–303Google Scholar
- Lawson P (1989) The imperial challenge: Quebec and Britain in the age of the American Revolution. McGill-Queen’s University Press, KingstonGoogle Scholar
- Mitchell B (1988) British historical statistics. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
- O’Brien P (1988) The political economy of British taxation, 1660–1815. Econ Hist Rev 41(1):1–32Google Scholar
- O’Brien P (2011) The nature and historical evolution of an exceptional fiscal state and its possible significance for the precocious commercialization and industrialization of the British economy from Cromwell to Nelson. Econ Hist Rev 64(2):408–446Google Scholar
- Plank G (2003) Unsettled conquest: the British campaign against the peoples of acadia. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PAGoogle Scholar
- Rabushka A (2008) Taxation in colonial America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJGoogle Scholar
- Shortt A, Doughty J (1918) Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada, 1759 to 1791. Board of Historical Documents, OttawaGoogle Scholar
- Speck W (1994) The international and imperial context. In: Greene J, Pole J (eds) Colonial British America: essays in the new history of the early modern era. Johns Hopkins University Press, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
- Stanbridge K (2003) Quebec and the Irish catholic relief act of 1778: an institutional approach. J Hist Soc 16(3):375–404CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stasavage D (2003) Public debt and the birth of the democratic state: France and Great Britain 1688–1789. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stasavage D (2007) Partisan politics and public debt: the importance of the ‘Whig Supremacy’ for Britain’s financial revolution. Eur Rev Econ Hist 11(1):123–153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tullock G (1967) The welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies, and theft. Econ Inq 5(3):224–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar