Advertisement

Establishment, Goals, and Legacy of the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Programme

  • Raphael M. Kudela
  • Robin Raine
  • Grant C. Pitcher
  • Patrick Gentien
  • Elisa Berdalet
  • Henrik Enevoldsen
  • Ed Urban
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Ecological Studies book series (ECOLSTUD, volume 232)

Abstract

The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Programme was established in 2001 under the sponsorship of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). GEOHAB was the first international research programme focusing exclusively on harmful marine algae. The GEOHAB mission was to foster international cooperation to advance understanding of HAB dynamics and to improve our ability to predict these events, with the final aim to inform and facilitate management and mitigation of the associated negative impacts. GEOHAB focused on the physiological, behavioural, and genetic characteristics of harmful microalgal species and the interactions between physical and other environmental conditions that promote the success of one group of species over another. A hallmark of GEOHAB was that it championed a comparative approach, across organisms, regions, and ecosystems. GEOHAB advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying population dynamics of HABs within an ecological and oceanographic context and also from the ecosystem perspective at the regional scale. GEOHAB encouraged combined experimental, observational, and modelling tools using existing and innovative technologies in a multidisciplinary approach. This deliberately integrative and multidisciplinary framework was consistent with the multiple scales and oceanographic complexity of marine HAB phenomena. One of the legacies of GEOHAB was that it established the basis for continued international efforts to better understand and predict the complex global phenomena of harmful algal blooms, leading in 2016 to the follow-on effort, GlobalHAB, which will continue and extend GEOHAB’s mission.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

We thank the many participants who have contributed to GEOHAB over the lifetime of the programme and in particular the 36 Science Steering Committee members who provided their time, ideas, and enthusiasm to make GEOHAB a success. Funding, programmatic support, and guidance were provided by SCOR, IOC, and IPHAB with significant support from the US National Science Foundation to SCOR for GEOHAB (Grants OCE-0003700, OCE-0326301, OCE-0608600, OCE-0938349, and OCE-1243377), US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the European Commission. Support for completion of the document was provided by the Ida Benson Lynn Endowed Chair in Ocean Health and NOAA ECOHAB award NA11NOS4780030 to RMK and by the OstreoRisk project (CTM2014-53818-R) to EB. This is NOAA ECOHAB contribution number 922.

References

  1. Anderson CR, Kudela RM, Kahru M et al (2016) Initial skill assessment of the California harmful algae risk mapping (C-HARM) system. Harmful Algae 59:1–8CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Anderson DM, Cembella AD, Hallegraeff G (eds) (1998) Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms, NATO ASI series. Series G: ecological sciences, vol 41. Springer, BerlinGoogle Scholar
  3. Anderson DM, Cembella AD, Hallegraeff GM (2012) Progress in understanding harmful algal blooms: paradigm shifts and new technologies for research, monitoring, and management. Annu Rev Mar Sci 15:143–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Anderson DM, Keafer BA, Kleindinst JL et al (2014) Alexandrium fundyense cysts in the Gulf of Maine: long-term time series of abundance and distribution, and linkages to past and future blooms. Deep Sea Res Part II 103:6–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Anderson DM, Pitcher GC, Estrada M (2005) The comparative “systems” approach to HAB research. Oceanography 18:148–157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Babin M, Cullen JJ, Roesler CS et al (2005) New approaches and technologies for observing harmful algal blooms. Oceanography 18:210–227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Babin M, Roesler CS, Cullen JJ (eds) (2008) Real-time coastal observing systems for marine ecosystem dynamics and harmful algal blooms: theory, instrumentation and modelling. UNESCO, ParisGoogle Scholar
  8. Berdalet E, Kudela R, Banas NS et al (2018) GlobalHAB: fostering international coordination on harmful algal bloom research in aquatic systems. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 425–447CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Berdalet E, Kudela R, Urban E (2017a) GlobalHAB: a new program to promote international research, observations, and modeling of harmful algal blooms in aquatic systems. Oceanography 30(1):70–81.  https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Berdalet E, McManus MA, Ross ON et al (2014) Understanding harmful algae in stratified systems: review of progress and future directions. Deep Sea Res Part II 101:4–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Berdalet E, Tester PA (2018) Key questions and recent research advances on harmful algal blooms in benthic systems. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 261–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Berdalet E, Tester PA, Chinain M et al (2017b) Harmful algal blooms in benthic systems: recent progress and future research. Oceanography 30(1):36–45.  https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Bernard S, Kudela R, Velo-Suárez L et al (2014) Developing global capabilities for the observation and prediction of harmful algal blooms. In: Djavidnia S, Ott M, Seeyave S (eds) Oceans and society: blue planet. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp 46–52Google Scholar
  14. Bravo I, Figueroa RI, Fraga S (2014) Cellular and nuclear morphological variability within a single species of the toxigenic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus: relationship to life-cycle processes. Harmful Algae 40:1–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Brosnahan ML, Velo-Suárez L, Ralston DK et al (2015) Rapid growth and concerted sexual tran sitions by a bloom of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae). Limnol Oceanogr 60:2059–2078.  https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10155CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  16. Estrada M, Solé J, Anglès S et al (2010) The role of resting cysts in Alexandrium minutum popu lation dynamics. Deep Sea Res Part II 57:308–321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. EUROHAB (1999) European initiative on harmful algal blooms (EUROHAB): harmful algal blooms in European marine and brackish waters. Granéli E, Codd GA, Dale B et al (eds) European Commission, Directorate General Science, Research and Development, 93 ppGoogle Scholar
  18. EUROHAB (2002) EUROHAB science initiative Part B: research and infrastructural needs. Granéli E, Lipiatou E (eds) National European and International Programmes, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxenbourg, 142 ppGoogle Scholar
  19. European Commission (2003) The EU-US scientific initiative on harmful algal blooms: a report from a workshop jointly funded by the European Commission – Environment and Sustainable Development Programme and the US. National Science Foundation. Luxembourg, Belgium, p 68Google Scholar
  20. Furuya K, Iwataki M, Lim PT et al (2018) Overview of harmful algal blooms in Asia. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 289–308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. GEOHAB (1998) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms: a plan for co-ordinated scientific research and co-operation to develop international capabilities for assessment, prediction and mitigation. Cullen J (ed) Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 43 ppGoogle Scholar
  22. GEOHAB (2001) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, science plan. Glibert P, Pitcher G (eds) SCOR and IOC, Baltimore and Paris, 86 ppGoogle Scholar
  23. GEOHAB (2003) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, implementation plan. Gentien P, Pitcher G, Cembella A et al (eds) SCOR and IOC, Baltimore and Paris, 36 ppGoogle Scholar
  24. GEOHAB (2005) Oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in upwelling systems. Pitcher G, Moita T, Trainer V et al. (eds) Global ecology and IOC and SCOR, Paris and Baltimore, 88 ppGoogle Scholar
  25. GEOHAB (2006) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms: HABs in eutrophic systems. Glibert PM (ed) SCOR and IOC, Paris and Baltimore, 74 ppGoogle Scholar
  26. GEOHAB (2008) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in stratified systems. Gentien P, Reguera B, Yamazaki H et al. (eds) SCOR and IOC, Paris, France, and Newark, Delaware, USA, 59 ppGoogle Scholar
  27. GEOHAB (2010a) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in fjords and coastal embayments. Cembella A, Guzmán L, Roy S, et al. (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris, France, and Newark, Delaware, 57 ppGoogle Scholar
  28. GEOHAB (2010b) GEOHAB Asia, global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms in Asia: a regional comparative programme. Furuya K, Glibert PM, Zhou M et al (eds) IOC and SCOR, Baltimore and Paris, 69 ppGoogle Scholar
  29. GEOHAB (2011) GEOHAB modelling: linking observations to predictions, a workshop report. McGillicuddy DJ Jr., Glibert PM, Berdalet E et al (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris and Newark, Delaware, 85 ppGoogle Scholar
  30. GEOHAB (2012) Global ecology and oceangraphy of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core respearch project: HABs in benthic systems. Berdalet E, Tester P, Zingine A (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris and Newark, 64 ppGoogle Scholar
  31. GEOHAB (2013a) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in fjords and coastal embayments, second open science meeting. Roy S, Pospelova V, Montresor M et al. (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris, France and Newark, Delaware USA, 52 ppGoogle Scholar
  32. GEOHAB (2013b) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB core research project: HABs in stratified systems, advances and challenges for understanding physical-biological interactions in HABs in stratified environments workshop report. McManus MA, Berdalet E, Ryan J, (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris and Newark, Delaware, USA, 88 ppGoogle Scholar
  33. GEOHAB (2014) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, GEOHAB synthesis. Berdalet E, Bernard S, Burford MA, et al (eds) IOC and SCOR, Paris and Newark, Delaware, USA, 78 ppGoogle Scholar
  34. Glibert PM, Al-Azri A, Allen JI et al (2018a) Key questions and recent research advances on harmful algal blooms in relation to nutrients and eutrophication. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 229–259Google Scholar
  35. Glibert PM, Anderson DM, Gentien P et al (2005) The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal blooms. Oceanography 18(2):136–147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Glibert PM, Azanza R, Burford M et al (2008a) Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks. Mar Pollut Bull 56(6):1049–1056CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  37. Glibert PM, Burford MA (2017) Globally changing nutrient loads and harmful algal blooms: recent advances, new paradigms, and continuing challenges. Oceanography 30(1):58–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Glibert PM, Burkholder JM, Granéli E et al (2008b) Advances and insights in the complex relationships between eutrophication and HABs: preface to the special issue. Harmful Algae 8:1–2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Glibert PM, Zhou M, Zhu M et al (2011) Preface to the special issue on eutrophication and HABs: the GEOHAB approach. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 29(4):719–723CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Glibert PM, Pitcher GC, Bernard S et al (2018b) Advancements and continuing challenges of emerging technologies and tools for detecting harmful algal blooms, their antecedent conditions and toxins, and applications in predictive models. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 339–357Google Scholar
  41. Granéli E, Sundström B, Edler L et al (eds) (1990) Toxic marine phytoplankton. Elsevier, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  42. Hallegraeff GM (1993) A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32(2):79–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. HARRNESS (2005) Ramsdell JS, Anderson DM, Glibert PM (eds), Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy 2005–2015. Ecological Society of America, Washington DC, 96 ppGoogle Scholar
  44. ICES (2007) Report on the ICES-IOC-SCOR working group on GEOHAB implementation for the Baltic (WGGIB), 7–9 May 2007, Helsinki, Finland. ICES CM 2007/BCC:05, p 51Google Scholar
  45. ICES (2013) Report of the ICES/PICES/IOC-GEOHAB workshop on harmful algae blooms in a changing world (WKHABCW), 18–22 March 2013, Friday Harbor Laboratories, USA. ICES CM 2013/SSGHIE:01, p 13Google Scholar
  46. Karl DM, Dore JE, Lukas R et al (2001) Building the long-term picture: the U.S. JGOFS time-series programs. Oceanography 14:6–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Kudela RM, Berdalet E, Bernard S et al (2015) Harmful algal blooms. A scientific summary for policy makers. IOC/UNESCO, Paris (IOC/INF-1320)Google Scholar
  48. Martin JL (2002) Development for a Canadian GEOHAB (global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms) program: 2001 workshop report. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2400:vii + 44Google Scholar
  49. Mayr E (1982) The growth of biological thought. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, p 974Google Scholar
  50. McGillicuddy DJ Jr, Townsend DW, He R, Keafer BA, Kleindinst JL, Li Y, Manning JP, Mountain DG, Thomas MA, Anderson DM (2011) Suppression of the 2010 Alexandrium fundyense bloom by changes in physical, biological, and chemical properties of the Gulf of Maine. Limnol Oceanogr 56(6):2411–2426CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  51. National Ocean Council (2016) Biological and ecosystem observations within United States waters II: a workshop report to inform priorities for the United States Integrated Ocean Observing System. National Ocean Council, Washington DC, p 32Google Scholar
  52. Onda DF, Lluisma OA, Azanza RV (2014) Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Dinophyceae) in vitro. Eur J Phycol 49:265–275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Pitcher GC, Pillar S (eds) (2010) Special issue on harmful algal blooms in upwelling systems. Prog Oceanogr 85(1–2):1–136Google Scholar
  54. Pitcher G, Figueiras FG, Kudela RM et al (2018) Key questions and recent research advances on harmful algal blooms in eastern boundary upwelling systems. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 205–227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Raine R, Berdalet E, McManus MA et al (2014) Understanding harmful algae in stratified systems: review of progress and future directions. Deep Sea Res Part II 101:1–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Raine R, Berdalet E, Yamazaki H et al (2018) Key questions and recent research advances in research on harmful algal blooms in stratified systems. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 165–186CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Roy S, Montresor M, Cembella A (2018) Key questions and recent research advances on harmful algal blooms in fjords and coastal embayments. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 187–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Turner E, Haidvogel DB, Hofmann EE et al (2013) US GLOBEC: program goals, approaches, and advances. Oceanography 26(4):12–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Wells ML, Karlson B (2018) Harmful algal blooms in a changing ocean. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford M et al (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer, Cham, pp 77–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Wells ML, Trainer VL, Smayda TJ et al (2015) Harmful algal blooms and climate change: learning from the past and present to forecast the future. Harmful Algae 49:68–93CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  61. Zingone A, Berdalet E, Bienfang P et al (2012) Harmful algae in benthic systems: a GEOHAB core research program. Cryptogamie. Algologie 33(2):225–233CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Raphael M. Kudela
    • 1
  • Robin Raine
    • 2
  • Grant C. Pitcher
    • 3
  • Patrick Gentien
    • 4
  • Elisa Berdalet
    • 5
  • Henrik Enevoldsen
    • 6
  • Ed Urban
    • 7
  1. 1.Ocean Sciences DepartmentUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzUSA
  2. 2.Earth and Ocean Sciences, National University of IrelandGalwayIreland
  3. 3.Fisheries Research and DevelopmentCape TownSouth Africa
  4. 4.IFREMERBrestFrance
  5. 5.Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la BarcelonetaBarcelonaSpain
  6. 6.Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful AlgaeUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
  7. 7.Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, Robinson HallUniversity of DelawareNewarkUSA

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options