Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction pp 547-555 | Cite as
The Diamond Double-Opposing V–Y Flap: A Reliable, Simple, and Versatile Technique for Nipple Reconstruction
Chapter
First Online:
Abstract
The nipple is an essential defining component to restore the semblance and appearance of a natural breast. There is significant variation in dimension, texture, and color across ethnic groups and among individuals. The authors discuss the technique of the diamond double-opposing V–Y flap. 4% of patients had early complications of partial flap loss. About 80% of projection is maintained after 1 year.
References
- 1.Breascancer.org. US breast cancer statistics. 2016. http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics. Accessed 8 Dec 2016.
- 2.Lipa JE, Addison PD, Neligan PC. Patient satisfaction following nipple reconstruction incorporating autologous costal cartilage. Can J Plast Surg. 2008;16:85–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 3.Wellisch DK, Schain WS, Noone RB, Little JW III. The psychological contribution of nipple addition in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987;80:699–704.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Jabor MA, Shayani P, Collins D Jr, Karas T, Cohen BE. Nipple areola reconstruction: satisfaction and clinical determinants. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110:457–63.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Adams WM. Free transplantation of the nipples and areola. Surgery. 1944;15:186–95.Google Scholar
- 6.Anton MA, Hartrampf CR Jr. Nipple reconstruction with the star flap. Plast Surg Forum. 1990;13:100–3.Google Scholar
- 7.Shestak KC, Gabriel A, Landecker A, Peters S, Shestak A, Kim J. Assessment of long-term nipple projection: a comparison of three techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110:780–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Little JW. Nipple-areola reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg. 1984;11:351–64.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Kroll SS. Nipple reconstruction using the double-opposing tab flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104:511–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Losken A, Mackay GJ, Bostwick J. Nipple reconstruction using the C-V flap technique: a long-term evaluation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:361–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 11.Eo S, Kim SS, Da Lio AL. Nipple reconstruction with C-V flap using dermofat graft. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58:137–40.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Lesavoy M, Liu TS. The diamond double-opposing V-Y flap: a reliable, simple, and versatile technique for nipple reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(6):1643–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Di Benedetto G, Sperti V, Pierangeli M, Bertani A. A simple and reliable method of nipple reconstruction using a spiral flap made of residual scar tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:158–61.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Cheng MH, Rodriguez ED, Smartt JM, Cardenas-Mejia A. Nipple reconstruction using the modified top hat flap with banked costal cartilage graft. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;59:621–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018