Advertisement

What Is Artificial Intelligence and How to Exploit It?

  • Ralf T. KreutzerEmail author
  • Marie Sirrenberg
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Management for Professionals book series (MANAGPROF)

Abstract

In this chapter we discuss the core aspects of Artificial Intelligence. We define the key terms and show the interconnectedness of terms like neural networks, machine learning and deep learning. We analyse the different goals which can be achieved by using Artificial Intelligence. In addition we present the key fields of application of Artificial Intelligence: national language processing, national image processing, expert systems and robots. Also the global economic effects of Artificial Intelligence are discussed. Here you can learn the different starting points and achievements of the leading countries of the world.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Bibliography

  1. 2045 Strategic Social Initiative. (2012). Results of the illustration competition: Neo-humanity. http://2045.com/articles/30775.html. Accessed April 15, 2019.
  2. Agrawal, A., Gans, J., & Goldfarb, A. (2018). Prediction machines: The simple economics of artificial intelligence. Boston.Google Scholar
  3. Ankenbrand, H. (2018). Gesichtserkennung: China hat das wertvollste KI-Startup der Welt. http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/sensetime-china-hat-das-wertvollste-ki-startup-der-welt-15533068.html. Accessed April 30, 2019.
  4. Allen, P. (2011). The singularity isn’t near. In MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/425733/paul-allen-the-singularity-isnt-near/. Accessed April 14, 2019.
  5. Arel, I., Rose, D., & Karnowsk, T. (2010). Deep machine learning—A new frontier in Artificial Intelligence research: Research frontier (pp. 13–18). November 2010.Google Scholar
  6. Armbruster, A. (2017). Künstliche Intelligenz: Ein Wettlauf wie im Kalten Krieg. http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/kuenstliche-intelligenz/kuenstliche-intelligenz-wer-gewinnt-den-wettlauf-usa-oder-china-15284415.html. Accessed April 19, 2019.
  7. Bendel, O. (2019). Social Bots. https://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/definition/social-bots-54247. Accessed April 10, 2019.
  8. Beyerer, J., León, F., & Frese, C. (2016). Machine vision—Automated visual inspection: Theory practice and applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
  9. Bitkom, & DFKI (2017). Künstliche Intelligenz, Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen, menschliche Verantwortung. Berlin.Google Scholar
  10. Bollmann, R. (2018). Die Zukunft der Arbeit. Frankfurter Allgemeine Quaterly, 8(2018), 132–140.Google Scholar
  11. Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence—Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
  12. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Wie die nächste digitale Revolution unser aller Leben verändern wird. Kulmbach.Google Scholar
  13. Capgemini. (2018). Studie: Verbraucher wollen menschen-ähnliche Künstliche Intelligenz ohne menschliches Aussehen. https://www.capgemini.com/de-de/news/studie-verbraucher-wollen-menschenaehnliche-kuenstliche-intelligenz-ohne-menschliches-aussehen/. Accessed May 10, 2019.
  14. Chalmers, D. (2010). The singularity—A philosophical analysis. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 17(9–10), 7–65.Google Scholar
  15. Cheetah Mobile. (2018). Cheetah Mobile Welcomes DDV, Peking, January 11, 2018.Google Scholar
  16. Deloitte. (2017). The 2017 Deloitte state of cognitive survey. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.hwr-berlin.de/statistics/787151/worldwide-ai-deployment-in-organizations/. Accessed April 29, 2019.
  17. Domingos, P. (2015). The master algorithm: How the quest for the ultimate learning machine will remake our world. New York.Google Scholar
  18. Elsevier. (2018). Artificial Intelligence: How knowledge is created, transferred, and used. Trends in China, Europe, and the United States. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/ai-resource-center. Accessed May 2, 2019.
  19. Future of Life Institute. (2015). Autonomous weapons: An open letter from AI & robotics researchers. https://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons/. Accessed April 6, 2019.
  20. Galeon, D. (2016). SoftBank is investing in a microchip to make the singularity a reality: Futurism. October 31, 2016. https://futurism.com/softbank-is-investing-in-a-microchip-to-make-the-singularity-a-reality/. Accessed January 21, 2019.
  21. Gardner, H., Davis, K., Christodoulou, J., & Seider, S. (2011). The theory of multiple intelligences. In R. Sternberg & B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 485–503). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
  22. Gentsch, P. (2018). Künstliche Intelligenz für Sales, Marketing und Service, Mit AI und Bots zu einem Algorithmic Business – Konzepte. Wiesbaden: Technologien und Best Practices.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Görz, G., Schneeberger, J., & Schmid, U. (Eds.). (2013). Handbuch der Künstlichen Intelligenz, (5th edn). Munich.Google Scholar
  24. Hawking, S. (2014). BBC Interview from December 2, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFLVyWBDTfo. Accessed April 23, 2019.
  25. Heise. (2011). IBM-Supercomputer gewinnt Quizshow. http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/IBM-Supercomputer-gewinnt-Quizshow-1191298.html. Accessed May 8, 2019.
  26. Hochreiter, S. (2018). Maschinen mangelt es an Weltwissen. Bonner Generalanzeiger (p. 3). December 12, 2018.Google Scholar
  27. Hofstadter, D. R. (2018). Das letzte Refugium menschlicher Intelligenz. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (p. N.4). June 27, 2018.Google Scholar
  28. IEEE Spectrum. (2008). Tech luminaries address singularity. https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/tech-luminaries-address-singularity. Accessed March 04, 2019.
  29. Ingenieur. (2016). Google-Software hat Weltmeister Lee Sedol haushoch geschlagen. https://www.ingenieur.de/technik/fachbereiche/ittk/google-software-weltmeister-lee-sedol-haushoch-geschlagen/. Accessed January 18, 2019.
  30. Jansen, J. (2018). Zalando baut radikal um. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/diginomics/zalando-will-werbefachleute-durch-entwickler-ersetzen-15483592.html. Accessed April 2, 2019.
  31. Kairos Future. (2015). Future disruptive technologies, do you fully understand how new disruptive technologies will reshape your industry? http://www.kairosfuture.com/research/programs/future-disruptive-technologies. Accessed May 1, 2019.
  32. Kelly, K. (2014). The three breakthroughs that have finally unleashed AI on the world. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence. Accessed April 26, 2019.
  33. Kleinberg, J., Ludwig, J., Mullainathan, S., & Sunstein, C. R. (2019). Discrimination in the age of algorithms. NBER Working Paper No. 25548.Google Scholar
  34. Krämer, T. (2015). Kommt die gesteuerte Persönlichkeit? Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 3/2015, pp. 40–43.Google Scholar
  35. Kreutzer, R. (2018). Herausforderung China: Manager wendet den Blick (verstärkt) nach Osten – nicht (mehr allein) nach Westen! In Der Betriebswirt, 3, pp. 10–16, and 4/2018, Gernsbach.Google Scholar
  36. Kreutzer, R., & Land, K.-H. (2015). Dematerialisierung – Die Neuverteilung der Welt in Zeiten des digitalen Darwinismus. Cologne.Google Scholar
  37. Kreutzer, R., & Land, K.-H. (2016). Digitaler Darwinismus – Der stille Angriff auf Ihr Geschäftsmodell und Ihre Marke (2nd ed.). Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
  38. Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near. New York.Google Scholar
  39. Lackes, R. (2018). Neuronale Netze. https://wirtschaftslexikon.gabler.de/definition/neuronale-netze-41065#definition. Accessed June 12, 2018.
  40. Lambrecht, A., & Tucker, C. (2017). Algorithmic bias? An empirical study into apparent gender-based discrimination in the display of STEMCareer Ads, presented at the NBER Summer Institute, July 2017.Google Scholar
  41. Lee, K.-F. (2018). AI super-powers, China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order. New York.Google Scholar
  42. Leverhulme Centre. (2019). Exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence. http://lcfi.ac.uk/. Accessed April 14, 2019.
  43. MacCartney, B. (2014). Understanding natural language understanding. https://nlp.stanford.edu/~wcmac/papers/20140716-UNLU.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2019.
  44. Malsburg, von der C. (2018). Schaltzentrale à la Mutter Natur. Bonner Generalanzeiger, November 28, 2018, p. 11.Google Scholar
  45. McKinsey. (2018a). Notes from the AI frontier, Modeling the Impact of AI on the world economy. San Francisco.Google Scholar
  46. McKinsey. (2018b). An executive’s guide to AI. San Francisco.Google Scholar
  47. Metzinger, T. (2001). Postbiotisches Bewusstsein: Wie man ein künstliches Subjekt baut – und warum wir es nicht tun sollten: Paderborner Podium – 20 Jahre Heinz Nixdorf Museumsforum, Paderborn.Google Scholar
  48. NewtonX. (2019). NewtonX, Access Knowledge. https://www.newtonx.com/. Accessed April 20, 2019.
  49. Nilsson, N. (2010). The quest for Artificial Intelligence—A history of ideas and achievements. New York.Google Scholar
  50. Pariser, E. (2017). Filter Bubble: Wie wir im Internet entmündigt werden, Munich.Google Scholar
  51. proSapient. (2019). A next generation expert network. https://prosapient.com/. Accessed April 1, 2019.
  52. Rich, E. (1983). Artificial Intelligence. New York.Google Scholar
  53. Rossi, F. (2018). Künstliche Intelligenz muss fair sein. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung (p. 21). July 22, 2018.Google Scholar
  54. Rouse, M. (2016). Neural Network. https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com/definition/neural-network. Accessed May 11, 2019.
  55. Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2012). Künstliche Intelligenz – Ein moderner Ansatz, 3. Aufl., Munich.Google Scholar
  56. Searle, J. (1980). Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Schölkopf, B., & Smola, A. J. (2018). Learning with Kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond. London.Google Scholar
  58. Schulz von Thun, F. (2019). Das Kommunikationsquadrat. https://www.schulz-von-thun.de/die-modelle/das-kommunikationsquadrat. Accessed April 16, 2019.
  59. Sensetime. (2018). SenseTime AI—Powering future, Präsentation, Peking, January 11, 2018.Google Scholar
  61. Stieglitz, T. (2015). Neuroimplantate. Spektrum der Wissenschaft (pp. 6–13). March, 2015.Google Scholar
  62. Stolfo, S., Fan, D., Lee, W., & Prodromidis, A. (2016). Credit card fraud detection using meta-learning: Issues and initial results. In AAAI Technical Report. http://www.aaai.org/Papers/Workshops/1997/WS-97-07/WS97-07-015.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2019.
  63. Swearingen, J. (2017). Robot security guard commits suicide in public fountain. http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/07/robot-security-guard-commits-suicide-in-public-fountain.html. Accessed April 21, 2019.
  64. Voss, O. (2017). Wenn der Algorithmus versagt, So dumm ist Künstliche Intelligenz. https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/wenn-der-algorithmus-versagt-so-dumm-ist-kuenstliche-intelligenz/20602294.html. Accessed March 21, 2019.
  65. Walsh, T. (2016). The singularity may never be near. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.06462.pdf. Accessed May 04, 2019.
  66. Wandelbots. (2019). Wandelbots. http://www.wandelbots.com/. Accessed May 4, 2019.
  67. West, J., & Bhattacharya, M. (2016). Intelligent financial fraud detection: A comprehensive review. Computers & Security, 57, 47–66.Google Scholar
  68. Wolfangel, E. (2018). Künstliche Dummheit. In Süddeutsche Zeitung (p. 33). 14/15 July, 2018.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Berlin School of Economics and LawBerlinGermany
  2. 2.Bad WilsnackGermany

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options