Stance and Motion pp 227-238 | Cite as
On the Influence of Movement Kinematics on the Support Pressure Pattern During Postural Adjustment of Quadrupeds
Summary
The biomechanical aspects of the postural adjustments accompanying limb lifting were studied. A mechanical model of a quadruped animal is proposed. It consists of 10 links for dogs and 12 links for cats. Good agreement between experimental and model data is shown to exist so that the rigid body mechanical model is suitable for use in the analysis of postural adjustment.
The main result of this study is the finding that the biomechanical model can be used to determine correlations between all kinds of body movements involving a shift in the center of gravity, and the support pressure pattern. It can be used to derive all possible kinds of information about the movement kinematics from the vertical pressure force components usually recorded in experiments. Two different cases are investigated: the one corresponding to static conditions and the other to dynamic ones. For the static case, a clear geometrical interpretation of the connection between pressure force patterns and the center of gravity (CG) shift is presented. It is shown that the kinematics in themselves do not set any limits on the type of support pressure pattern.
Keywords
Support Pressure Pressure Force Biomechanical Model Postural Adjustment Pressure PatternPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Alexander, R. McN., 1974, Mechanics of jumping by a dog, J. Zool. (London), 173: 549–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Alexander, R. McN., 1980, Optimum walking techniques for quadrupeds and bipeds, J. Zool. (London), 192: 97–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Alexandrovich, E.V., 1980, Some results of the mathematical modelling of the human eye muscular apparatus (in Russian), Biophysics, 25: 902–906.Google Scholar
- Birjukova, E.V., 1983, Modelling of human hand movements (in Russian), Biophysics, 28: 715.Google Scholar
- Dufossé, M., Macpherson, J., and Massion, J., 1982, Biomechanical and electromyographical comparison of two postural supporting mechanisms in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 45: 38–44.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Frolov, A.A., and Birjukova, E.V., 1986, Biomechanical model of a quadruped animal body in postural adjustment process (in Russian), Biophysics, 31: 908–912.Google Scholar
- Gahéry, Y., Ioffé, M., Massion, J., and Polit, A., 1980, the postural support of movement in cat and dog, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 40: 741–756.Google Scholar
- Gahéry, Y., Ioffé, M.E., Frolov, A.A., and Coulmance, M., 1985, Analysis of vertical displacement of the center of gravity in cat during limb flexion induced by cortical stimulation, J. Motor Behavior, 17: 463–479.Google Scholar
- Ioffé, M.E., Frolov, A.A., Gahéry, Y., Frolov, A.G., Coulmance, M., and Davydov, V.I., 1982, Biomechanical study of the mechanisms of postural adjustment accompaning learned and induced limb movements in cats and dogs, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 12: 469–482.Google Scholar
- Ioffé, M.E., Ivanova, N.G., Frolov, A.A., Birjukova, E.V., Kiseljova, N.V., 1988, On the role of motor cortex in the learned rearrangement of postural coordination, in: “Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts”, (J. Massion, V.S. Gurfinkel, M.E. Ioffé,and J.P. Roll, eds), Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
- Jarbus, A.L., 1965, “Role of eyes movement in vision” (in Russian), Nauka Publishing House, Moscow.Google Scholar
- Korenev, G.V., 1979, “Goal-oriented mechanics of guided manipulators” (in Russian), Nauka Publishing House, Moscow.Google Scholar
- Langer, D.F., and Hemami, H., 1985, Dynamic control and simulation of the jump of a quadruped, Mathemat. Biosci., 75: 257–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Long, C., Brown, M.E., and Weiss, G., 1961, Electromyographic kinesiology of the hand, Arch. Phvs. Med. and Rehab., 42: 559–565.Google Scholar
- Miller, M.E., 1964, “Anatomy of the dog”, Sounders, Philadelphia, London.Google Scholar
- Nozdrachev, A.D., 1973, “Anatomy of the cat” (in Russian), Nauka Publishing House, Leningrad.Google Scholar