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The Chinese Nation: A Pluralistic Integration

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Book cover China's Solution to Its Ethno-national Issues

Part of the book series: China Insights ((CHINAIN))

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Abstract

In the early twentieth century, the Chinese concept of zhonghua minzu (Chinese nation) began frequently to appear in the media of China.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Pi R. The Collected Works of Rixiu Pi. Volume I.

  2. 2.

    Collected Articles of Eastern Western Monthly Magazine (1997): 271.

  3. 3.

    Greenfeld (2010): 2–8.

  4. 4.

    Yōichi (2003): 106.

  5. 5.

    Greenfeld L. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, pp. 2–5.

  6. 6.

    Feng (1999): 99.

  7. 7.

    Liang (1989): 76.

  8. 8.

    Sun (1982): 2.

  9. 9.

    Yang (2014).

  10. 10.

    Zhang Y. The Building of a New Nation: 1911–1917, p. 158.

  11. 11.

    Immanuel C. Y. Hsü. The Rise of Modern China: 1600–2000, p. 382.

  12. 12.

    Fairbank J. K. The Great Chinese Revolution: 1800–1985, 2. p. 10.

  13. 13.

    Sun (2000): 1.

  14. 14.

    Ibid.

  15. 15.

    Sun (1985a): 394.

  16. 16.

    Sun (1985a): 473.

  17. 17.

    Sun (2000): 1.

  18. 18.

    Sun (1985b): 1.

  19. 19.

    Sun (2000): 261.

  20. 20.

    Feng K. Racial Ideas in Modern China, pp. 112–113.

  21. 21.

    Fairbank (2000): 197.

  22. 22.

    Gerth K. Manufacturing China: Consumer Culture and the Establishment of Nation-state, pp. 144–145.

  23. 23.

    Hsu I. C. Y. The Rise of Modern China: 1600–2000, 395.

  24. 24.

    Lenin (2009): 253.

  25. 25.

    Gerth K. Manufacturing China: Consumer Culture and the Establishment of Nation-state, p. 153.

  26. 26.

    Lenin (2009): 290.

  27. 27.

    Lenin (2009): 88.

  28. 28.

    Lenin (1995): 371.

  29. 29.

    Lenin V. The Collected works of Lenin, p. 89.

  30. 30.

    Duara (2003): 59.

  31. 31.

    Sun Y. the Three Principles of the People, p. 199.

  32. 32.

    Marx and Friedrich (1957): 665.

  33. 33.

    The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, p. 50.

  34. 34.

    Sun (1985c): 1, 3.

  35. 35.

    Mao (1991b): 622.

  36. 36.

    The United Front Department of the CCP Central Committee. Selected documents on the ethnic issues of China, 808.

  37. 37.

    Mao (1991a): 156.

  38. 38.

    Mao Zedong. The Selected Works of Mao Zedong. Volume I. Beijing: People’s Press, p. 595.

  39. 39.

    Ulanhu (1999): 359.

  40. 40.

    Mao (1991c): 1071.

  41. 41.

    Jiang (1937).

  42. 42.

    Deng (1994): 161–162.

  43. 43.

    Pole (2007): 203.

  44. 44.

    Stalin (1979): 64.

  45. 45.

    The CCP leaders’ Writings on the Ethno-national Issues (1994): 151.

  46. 46.

    Huang and Shi (2005): 81.

  47. 47.

    The Collected Speeches of Chief Seattle (2001): 31.

  48. 48.

    The Collected Documents on the Governance of Xinjiang: 1949–2010 (2012): 180.

  49. 49.

    Kymlicka (2004): 1.

  50. 50.

    Mann (2015): 635.

  51. 51.

    Kymlicka (2004): 1.

  52. 52.

    Andersons (2003): 5.

  53. 53.

    Xi (2014): 39.

  54. 54.

    The Soviet Union Academy of Sciences (1997): 610.

  55. 55.

    The Soviet Union Academy of Sciences (1997): 749.

  56. 56.

    Brzezinski (1988): 116.

  57. 57.

    Xi Jinping. The Governance of China, p. 171.

  58. 58.

    Xi Jinping. The Governance of China, p. 46.

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  1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shiyuan Hao

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Hao, S. (2020). The Chinese Nation: A Pluralistic Integration. In: China's Solution to Its Ethno-national Issues. China Insights. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9519-3_3

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