Skip to main content

Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1182))

Abstract

As extracts from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) have been reported to be an alternative adjuvant treatment for diabetes, numerous of work have been carried out on it. Among the many biologically active constituents of Ganoderma, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins, and triterpenoids have been shown to have hypoglycemic effects. Based on our research and other references, this article discusses the antidiabetic effect of Ganoderma mediated by protecting pancreas islet; inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a promising therapeutic target of diabetes; decreasing lymphocyte infiltration; and increasing the antibody detection of insulin in diabetic mice. This review summarizes researches about the hypoglycemic action effects of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, proteins, and triterpenoids from Ganoderma as a guide for future research on diabetes and its complications. In addition, clinical studies with diabetic indexes are reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Karaa A, Goldstein A (2015) The spectrum of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mitochondrial forms of diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 16(1):1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Butalia S, Kaplan GG, Khokhar B, Rabi DM (2016) Environmental risk factors and type 1 diabetes: past, present, and future. Can J Diabetes 40(6):586–593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Petzold A, Solimena M, Knoch KP (2015) Mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction associated with viral infection. Curr Diab Rep 15(10):73

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ripsin CM, Kang H, Urban RJ (2009) Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am Fam Physician 79(1):29–36

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tao Z, Shi A, Zhao J (2015) Epidemiological perspectives of diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 73(1):181–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Riserus U, Willett WC, Hu FB (2009) Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Prog Lipid Res 48(1):44–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sanabria-Martinez G, Garcia-Hermoso A, Poyatos-Leon R, Alvarez-Bueno C, Sanchez-Lopez M, Martinez-Vizcaino V (2015) Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on preventing gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive maternal weight gain: a meta-analysis. BJOG 122(9):1167–1174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cizmarikova M (2017) The efficacy and toxicity of using the Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, G. lucidum (agaricomycetes), and its products in chemotherapy (review). Int J Med Mushrooms 19(10):861–877

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahmad MF (2018) G. lucidum: persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed Pharmacother 107:507–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen Y, Qiao J, Luo J, Wu F, Meng G, Chen H, Zheng H, Xu J (2011) Effects of G. lucidum polysaccharides on advanced glycation end products and receptor of aorta pectoralis in T2DM rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36(5):624–627

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang Z, Wu F, He Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Yang H, Zhou P (2018) A novel PTP1B inhibitor extracted from G. lucidum ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating IRS1-GLUT4 cascades in the insulin signaling pathway. Food Funct 9(1):397–406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fatmawati S, Shimizu K, Kondo R (2010) Ganoderic acid Df, a new triterpenoid with aldose reductase inhibitory activity from the fruiting body of G. lucidum. Fitoterapia 81(8):1033–1036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kino K, Mizumoto K, Sone T, Yamaji T, Watanabe J, Yamashita A, Yamaoka K, Shimizu K, Ko K, Tsunoo H (1990) An immunomodulating protein, Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) prevents insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. Diabetologia 33(12):713–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Radenkovic M, Stojanovic M, Prostran M (2016) Experimental diabetes induced by alloxan and streptozotocin: the current state of the art. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 78:13–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bach EE, Hi EMB, Martins AMC, Nascimento PAM, Wadt NSY (2018) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of G lucidum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Medicines (Basel) 5(3):pii: E78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin CC, Yu YL, Shih CC, Liu KJ, Ou KL, Hong LZ, Chen JD, Chu CL (2011) A novel adjuvant Ling Zhi-8 enhances the efficacy of DNA cancer vaccine by activating dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60(7):1019–1027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. van der Hem LG, van der Vliet JA, Bocken CF, Kino K, Hoitsma AJ, Tax WJ (1995) Ling Zhi-8: studies of a new immunomodulating agent. Transplantation 60(5):438–443

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang HN, He JH, Yuan L, Lin ZB (2003) In vitro and in vivo protective effect of G. lucidum polysaccharides on alloxan-induced pancreatic islets damage. Life Sci 73(18):2307–2319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. He CY, Li WD, Guo SX, Lin SQ, Lin ZB (2006) Effect of polysaccharides from G. lucidum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. J Asian Nat Prod Res 8(8):705–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Li K, Yu M, Hu Y, Ren G, Zang T, Xu X, Qu J (2016) Three kinds of G. lucidum polysaccharides attenuate DDC-induced chronic pancreatitis in mice. Chem Biol Interact 247:30–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Peterszegi G, Robert AM, Robert L (2003) Protection by L-fucose and fucose-rich polysaccharides against ROS-produced cell death in presence of ascorbate. Biomed Pharmacother 57(3–4):130–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Li F, Zhang Y, Zhong Z (2011) Antihyperglycemic effect of G. lucidum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Mol Sci 12(9):6135–6145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Zheng J, Yang B, Yu Y, Chen Q, Huang T, Li D (2012) G. lucidum polysaccharides exert anti-hyperglycemic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through affecting beta-cells. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 15(7):542–550

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Temneanu OR, Trandafir LM, Purcarea MR (2016) Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: a relatively new clinical problem within pediatric practice. J Med Life 9(3):235–239

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Mazo VK, Sidorova YS, Zorin SN, Kochetkova AA (2016) Streptozotocin induced diabetes rat models. Vopr Pitan 85(4):14–21

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang B, Chandrasekera PC, Pippin JJ (2014) Leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: relevance for human type 2 diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 10(2):131–145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Xiao C, Wu QP, Cai W, Tan JB, Yang XB, Zhang JM (2012) Hypoglycemic effects of G. lucidum polysaccharides in type 2 diabetic mice. Arch Pharm Res 35(10):1793–1801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang F, Zhou Z, Ren X, Wang Y, Yang R, Luo J, Strappe P (2015) Effect of G. lucidum spores intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism gene expression profiles in type 2 diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis 14:49

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Xiao C, Wu Q, Zhang J, Xie Y, Cai W, Tan J (2017) Antidiabetic activity of G. lucidum polysaccharides F31 down-regulated hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes in diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 196:47–57

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang Z, Chen C, Zhao J, Xu W, He Y, Yang H, Zhou P (2018) Hypoglycemic mechanism of a novel proteoglycan, extracted from G. lucidum, in hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 820:77–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Teng BS, Wang CD, Zhang D, Wu JS, Pan D, Pan LF, Yang HJ, Zhou P (2012) Hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of a proteoglycan from G. lucidum on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(2):166–175

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang CD, Teng BS, He YM, Wu JS, Pan D, Pan LF, Zhang D, Fan ZH, Yang HJ, Zhou P (2012) Effect of a novel proteoglycan PTP1B inhibitor from G. lucidum on the amelioration of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in db/db mice. Br J Nutr 108(11):2014–2025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Pan D, Zhang D, Wu J, Chen C, Xu Z, Yang H, Zhou P (2013) Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of a novel proteoglycan from G. lucidum fruiting bodies on db/db mice and the possible mechanism. PLoS One 8(7):e68332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Thyagarajan-Sahu A, Lane B, Sliva D (2011) ReishiMax, mushroom based dietary supplement, inhibits adipocyte differentiation, stimulates glucose uptake and activates AMPK. BMC Complement Altern Med 11:74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Heng LZ, Comyn O, Peto T, Tadros C, Ng E, Sivaprasad S, Hykin PG (2013) Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, clinical grading, management and future developments. Diabet Med 30(6):640–650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Papadopoulou-Marketou N, Paschou SA, Marketos N, Adamidi S, Adamidis S, Kanaka-Gantenbein C (2018) Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Minerva Med 109(3):218–228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Roman-Pintos LM, Villegas-Rivera G, Rodriguez-Carrizalez AD, Miranda-Diaz AG, Cardona-Munoz EG (2016) Diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. J Diabetes Res 2016:3425617

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Okonkwo UA, DiPietro LA (2017) Diabetes and wound angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 18(7):pii: E1419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tesch GH (2017) Diabetic nephropathy – is this an immune disorder? Clin Sci (Lond) 131(16):2183–2199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hussain N, Adrian TE (2017) Diabetic neuropathy: update on pathophysiological mechanism and the possible involvement of glutamate pathways. Curr Diabetes Rev 13(5):488–497

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Emerging Risk Factors C, Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, Gobin R, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Ingelsson E, Lawlor DA, Selvin E, Stampfer M, Stehouwer CD, Lewington S, Pennells L, Thompson A, Sattar N, White IR, Ray KK, Danesh J (2010) Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 375(9733):2215–2222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lim JZ, Ng NS, Thomas C (2017) Prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J R Soc Med 110(3):104–109

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM, Woo YJ, Zhao DX, Anderson JL, Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Brindis RG, Creager MA, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW, American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice G (2013) 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 127(4):e362–e425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Zhu KX, Nie SP, Li C, Gong D, Xie MY (2014) Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves aortic relaxation in diabetic rats via PI3K/Akt pathway. Carbohydr Polym 103:520–527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Tie L, Yang HQ, An Y, Liu SQ, Han J, Xu Y, Hu M, Li WD, Chen AF, Lin ZB, Li XJ (2012) G. lucidum polysaccharide accelerates refractory wound healing by inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes. Cell Physiol Biochem 29(3–4):583–594

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Cheng PG, Phan CW, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Abdulla MA, Kuppusamy UR (2013) Polysaccharides-rich extract of G. lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst accelerates wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:671252

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Pan D, Zhang D, Wu J, Chen C, Xu Z, Yang H, Zhou P (2014) A novel proteoglycan from G. lucidum fruiting bodies protects kidney function and ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via its antioxidant activity in C57BL/6 db/db mice. Food Chem Toxicol 63:111–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhu KX, Nie SP, Tan LH, Li C, Gong DM, Xie MY (2016) A polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum improves liver function in type 2 diabetic rats via antioxidant action and short-chain fatty acids excretion. J Agric Food Chem 64(9):1938–1944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Li SH, Wu HX (2011) Clinical analysis of BoZhi Glycopeptide injection in treating diabetic foot. J Hainan Med Coll 17(10):1333–1334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Chu TT, Benzie IF, Lam CW, Fok BS, Lee KK, Tomlinson B (2012) Study of potential cardioprotective effects of G. lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr 107(7):1017–1027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Klupp NL, Kiat H, Bensoussan A, Steiner GZ, Chang DH (2016) A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of G. lucidum for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 6:29540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Fan CH, Tong L, Zhang D, Zheng M, Yuan SS, Zhang C, He Q (2018) Effect of G. lucidum granules on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its mechanism of action on inflammatory factors. Hebei J Tradit Chin Med 40(2):214–217

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lu Tie .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Liu, Q., Tie, L. (2019). Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Diabetes. In: Lin, Z., Yang, B. (eds) Ganoderma and Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1182. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics