Skip to main content

Antitumor Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Mediated by Immunological Mechanism and Its Clinical Application

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Ganoderma and Health

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1182))

Abstract

The antitumor effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) is closely related to immunoregulation. Based on our research and other references, this article discussed the antitumor effect of Ganoderma mediated by immunological mechanism, including promoting the function of mononuclear-macrophages and natural killers; promoting M1-type macrophage polarization vs M2-type; promoting maturation and differentiation of dendritic cells, increasing its antigen presentation, activating lymphocytes and increasing cytotoxicity of cytotoxin T lymphocyte; promoting production of cytokines; and inhibiting tumor escape from immune surveillance. Also, clinical studies with immunological indexes were reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lin ZB (2015) Chapter 1. Historical data of Chinese Ganoderma (Lingzhi) research. In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern research on Ganoderma (Lingzhi), 4th edn. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wang SZ, Chen RY (2015) Chapter 7. Chemical components of Ganoderma (Lingzhi). In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern research on Ganoderma (Lingzhi), 4th edn. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp 129–221

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lin ZB, Wang X (2015) Chapter 8: Pharmacological effects of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) (I). In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern research on Ganoderma (Lingzhi), 4th edn. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp 129–221

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chui XY, Zhang YH, Yang BX, Zhang GL, Li WD, Lin ZB (2015) Chapter 9: Pharmacological effects of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) (II). In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern Research on Ganoderma (Lingzhi), 4th edn. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp 300–374

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lin ZB (2015) Chapter 10: Clinical application of Ganoderma (Lingzhi). In: Lin ZB (ed) Modern research on Ganoderma (Lingzhi), 4th edn. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp 398–431

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ito H, Naruse S, Shimura K (1977) Studies on antitumor activity of basidiomycete polysaccharides:VII. Antitumor effect of the polysaccharide preparation from Ganoderma lucidum on mouse sarcoma180. Mie Med J 26:147–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kin BK, Chung HS, Chung KS, Yang MS (1980) Studies on the antineoplastic components of Korea basidiomycetes. Hanguk KyunhakhoeChi 8(2):107–113

    Google Scholar 

  8. Miyazaki T, Nishijima M (1981) Studies on fungal polysaccharides. XXVII. Structural examination of a water-soluble, antitumor polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 29(12):3611–3612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mizuno T, Kato N, Totsuka, Tacanaka K, Shikai K, Shmizu M (1984) Fractionation, structural features and antitumor activity of water-soluble polysaccharide from ″Reishi″, the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 58:871–880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mizuno T, Suzuki E, Maki K, Tamaki H (1985) Fractionation, chemical modification and antitumor activity of water-in soluble polysaccharides of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 59:1143–1151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee SS, Chen FD, Chang SC, Wei YH, Liu I, Chen CF (1984) In vivo antitumor effect of crude extracts from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. J Chin Oncol 5(3):22–28

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sone Y, Okuda R, Wada N, Kishida E, Misaki A (1985) Structures and antitumor activities of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body and the growing culture of mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. Agric Biol Chem 49(9):2641–2653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Maruyama H, Yamazaki K, Murofushi S, Konda C, Ikekawa T (1989) Antitumor activity of Sarcodon aspratus(Berk.)S. Ito and Ganoderma lucidum(Fr.)Karst. J Pharmacobiodyn 12(2):118–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Furusawa E, Chou SC, Furasawa S, Hirazum A, Dang Y (1992) Antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum, an edible mushroom, on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in synergenic mice. Phytother Res 6:300–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ma L, Lin ZB (1995) Antitumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 16:78–79

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cao QZ, Lin ZB (2004) Antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(6):833–888

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lin ZB, Zhang HN (2004) Anti-tumor and immunoregulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum and its possible mechanisms. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(11):1387–1395

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang QH, Yu DH, Lin ZB (2000) Study on the antitumor mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum extract(GLE)by serologic pharmacological method. J Beijing Med Univ 32(3):210–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang QH, Lin ZB (1999) Study on antitumor activity and mechanism of Ganoderma polysaccharides B. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med 19(9):544–547

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang QH, Lin ZB (1999) The antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum(Curt.:Fr.)P. Karst.(Lingzhi)(Aphyllophormycetideae)polysaccharides is related to tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Int J Med Mushroom 1:207–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hu YH, Lin ZB (1999) Effects of polysaccharides isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on HL-60 cell apoptosis. Acta Pharm Sin 34(4):268–271

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hu YH, Lin ZB, He YQ, Zhao CJ (1999) Polysaccharides isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum induced on HL- 60 cell apoptosis by enhancing macrophage activity. Chin Pharmacol Bul 15(1):27–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang SY, Hsu ML, Hsu HC, Tzeng CH, Lee SS, Shiao MS (1997) The anti- tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int J Cancer 70(6):699–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li MC, Lei LS, Liang DS, Xu ZM, Yang SQ, Sun LS (2000) Effect of Ganoderma polysaccharides on interleukin 1α and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol 14(3):237–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang PY, Zhu XL, Lin ZB (2012) Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from broken-spore of Ganoderma lucidum. Front Pharmacol 3:135

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Su J, Su L, Li D, Shuai O, Zhang Y, Liang H, Jiao C, Xu Z, Lai Y, Xie Y (2018) Antitumor activity of extract from the sporoderm-breaking spore of Ganoderma lucidum: restoration on exhausted cytotoxic T cell with gut microbiota remodeling. Front Immunol 9:1765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhao R, Chen Q, He Y-m (2018) The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on immunological function and identify its anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity based on the biological network. Sci Rep 8:12680. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30881-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang CH, Shi SS, Chen Q, Lin SQ, Wang R, Wang SZ, Chen CM (2018) Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in glioma-bearing rats. Integr Cancer Ther 17(3):674–683

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Cao LZ, Lin ZB (2002) Regulation on maturation and function of dendritic cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Immunol Lett 83(3):163–169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cao LZ, Lin ZB (2003) Regulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by dendritic cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 24(4):321–322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lin YL, Liang YC, Lee SS, Chiang BL (2005) Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum induced activation and maturation of human monocyte derived dendritic cells by the NF-kappa B and p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase pathways. J Leukoc Biol 78(2):533–543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lin YL, Liang YC, Tseng YS, Huang HY, Chou SY, Hseu RS, Huang CT, Chiang BL (2009) An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi- 8, induced activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the NF- kappa B and MAPK pathways. J Leukoc Biol 86(4):877–889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Chan WK, Law HK, Lin ZB, Lau YL, Chan GC (2007) Response of human dendritic cells to different immunomodulatory polysaccharides derived from mushroom and barley. Int Immunol 19(7):891–899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chan WK, Cheung CC, Law HK, Lau YL, Chan GC (2008) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can induce human monocytic leukemia cells into dendritic cells with immuno-stimulatory function. J Hematol Oncol 1:9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Meng J, Hu X, Shan F, Hua H, Lu C, Wang E et al (2011) Analysis of maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by purified Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs). Int J Biol Macromol 49(4):693–699

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Yoshida H, Suzuki M, Sakaguchi R, Tani I, Kotani H, Shudo N, Yoshimura A (2012) Preferential induction of Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo by Fucogalactan from Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 422(1):174–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Yue GG, Chan BC, Han XQ, Cheng L, Wong EC, Leung PC, Fung KP, Ng MC, Fan K, Sze DM, Lau CB (2013) Immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma sinense polysaccharides in human immune cells. Nutr Cancer 65(5):765–774

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhang SL, Chen C, Qin JZ, Yu H, Liu YM, Zhang XH, Song ZT, Zhao J, Wang FJ, Wang YY, Zhang LW (2019) Effective cancer immunotherapy by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-gold nanocomposites through dendritic cell activation and memory T cell response. Carbohydr Polym 205:192–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lin ZB, Zhang ZL, Ruan Y, Wu YC, Cong Z (1980) The pharmacological study of Ganoderma lucidum partVI: effects of different extract fractions from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Edib Fungi 3:5–2

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gao B, Yang GZ (1989) Effects of Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides on immune function of normal mouse and its tumor inhibiting action. Chin J Immunol 5:363–362

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gu LG, Zhou Y, Yan XZ, Tao JD (1990) Effect of Ganoderma capense on macrophages in mice. Shanghai J Immunol 1(4):205–202

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cao LZ, Lin ZB (2003) Comparison of the effects of polysaccharides from wood-cultured and bag-cultured Ganoderma lucidum on murine spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Acta Pharm Sin 38(2):92–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tang QJ, Zhang JS, Pan YJ, Werner R, Fan H (2004) Activation of mouse macrophages by the alkali extracted polysaccharide from spore of Ganoderma lucidum. Chin J Cell Mol Immunol 20(2):142–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hsu MJ, Lee SS, Lee ST, Lin WW (2003) Signaling mechanisms of enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and chemotaxis by the polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Br J Pharmacol 139(2):289–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Hsu MJ, Lee SS, Lin WW (2002) Polysaccharide purified from Ganoderma lucidum inhibits spontaneous and Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. J Leukoc Biol 72(1):207–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Chien CM, Cheng JL, Chang WT, Tien MH, Tsao CM, Chang YH, Chang HY, Hsieh JF, Wong CH, Chen ST (2004) Polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum alter cell immunophenotypic expression and enhance CD56 + NK- cell cytotoxicity in cord blood. Bioorg Med Chem 12(21):5603–5609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tang QJ, Zhang JS, Pan YJ, Martin ZK, Werner R, Fan H (2005) Activation of normal and tumor-bearing mouse macrophages by active polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum. Curr Immunol 25(1):49–52

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang J, Tang Q, Zhou C, Jia W, Da Silva L, Nguyen LD, Reutter W, Fan H (2010) GLIS a bioactive proteoglycan fraction from Ganoderma lucidum, displays antitumour activity by increasing both humoral and cellular immune response. Life Sci 87(19–22):628–637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Wei MT, Hua KF, Hsu J, Karmenyan A, Tseng KY, Wong CH, Chiou A (2007) The interaction of lipopolysaccharide with membrane receptors on macrophages pretreated with extract of Reishi polysaccharides measured by optical tweezers. Opt Express 15(17):11020–11032

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Watanabe K, Shuto T, Sato M, Onuki K, Mizunoe S, Suzuki S, Sato T, Koga T, Suico MA, Kai H, Ikeda T (2011) Lucidenic acids-rich extract from antlered form of Ganoderma lucidum enhances TNFα induction in THP- 1 monocytic cells possibly via its modulation of MAP kinases p38 and JNK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 408(1):18–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhang S, Nie S, Huang D, Li W, Xie M (2013) Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide on CT26 tumor- bearing mice. Food Chem 136(3–4):1213–1219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Huang JQ, Nie QX, Liu XZ, Zhang SS, Nie SP, Huang DF, Xie MY (2016) Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide modulates TNF-α secretion and mRNA expression in macrophages of S-180 tumor-bearing mice. Food Hydrocoll 53:24–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Chanmee T, Ontong P, Konno K, Itano N (2014) Tumor-associated macrophages as major players in the tumor microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 6(3):1670–1690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sun L-X, Lin Z-B, Lu J, Li W-D, Niu Y-D, Yu S, Hu C-Y, Zhang G-Q, Duan X-S (2017) The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum. Immunol Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-017-8893-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang W-J, Wu Y-S, Chen S, Liu C-F, Chen S-N (2015) Mushroom 𝛽-Glucan May immunomodulate the tumor-associated macrophages in the Lewis Lung Carcinoma. Bio Med Res Int 2015:604385, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/604385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Li MC, Lei LS, Liang DS, Xu ZM, Yang SQ, Sun LS (1999) Effect of Ganoderma polysaccharide on intracellular free calcium in murine peritoneal macrophages. Chin Pharm J 34(12):805–807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Li MC, Lei LS, Liang DS, Xu ZM, Yang SQ, Sun LS (2000) Effect of Ganoderma polysaccharides on PKC activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. Chin Pharmacol Bull 16(1):36–38

    Google Scholar 

  58. You YH, Lin ZB (2002) Protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on injury of macrophages induced by reactive oxygen species. Acta Pharmacol Sin 23(9):787–791

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. You YH, Lin ZB (2004) Free radical scavenging activity by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on peritoneal macrophages in mice. Chin J Clin Pharmacol Ther 9(1):52–55

    Google Scholar 

  60. You YH, Lin ZB (2004) Influence of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on free-radical induced peritoneal macrophage injury in early stage. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol 19(2):137–139

    Google Scholar 

  61. Cheng CH, Leung AY, Chen CF (2010) The effects of two different Ganoderma species (Lingzhi) on gene expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Nutr Cancer 62(5):648–658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Won SJ, Lee SS, Ke YH et al (1989) Enhancement of splenic NK cytotoxic activity by extracts of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium in mice. J Biomed Lab Sci 2:201–213

    Google Scholar 

  63. Won SJ, Lin MT, Wu WL (1992) Ganoderma tsugae mycelium enhances splenic natural killer cell activity and serum interferon production in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 59(2):171–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Ning AH, Cao J, Huag M, Zhang W (2004) The antitumor action and influence of immune systerm of Ganoderma polysaccharides in mice. Chin J Microecol 16(1):13–14

    Google Scholar 

  65. Zhu XL, Chen AF, Lin ZB (2007) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance the function of immunological effector cells in immunosuppressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol 11(2):219–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Chang YH, Yang JS, Yang JL, Wu CL, Chang SJ, Lu KW, Lin JJ, Hsia TC, Lin YT, Ho CC, Wood WG, Chung JG (2009) Ganoderma lucidum extracts inhibited leukemia WEHI-3 cells in BALB/c mice and promoted an immune response in vivo. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73(12):2589–2594

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tsai CC, Yang FL, Huang ZY, Chen CS, Yang YL, Hua KF, Li J, Chen ST, Wu SH (2012) Oligosaccharide and peptidoglycan of Ganoderma lucidum activate the immune response in human mononuclear cells. J Agric Food Chem 60(11):2830–2837

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhu XL, Lin ZB (2005) Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 26(9):1130–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Zhu XL, Lin ZB (2006) Modulation of cytokines production granzyme B and perforin in murine CIK cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 63:188–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ochsenbein AF (2002) Principles of tumor immunosurveillance and implications for immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 9(12):1043–1055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Sun LX, Lin ZB, Li XJ, Li M, Lu J, Duan XS, Ge ZH, Song YX, Xing EH, Li WD (2011) Promoting effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on B16F10 cells to activate lymphocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 108(3):149–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Lu J, Ge ZH, Li XF, Li XJ, Li M, Xing EH, Song YX, Jia J, Li WD (2012) Enhanced MHC class I and costimulatory molecules on B16F10 cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. J Drug Target 20(7):582–592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Lu J, Ge ZH, Li XJ, Li M, Xing EH, Jia J, Lan TF, Li WD (2011) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides antagonize the suppression on lymphocytes induced by culture supernatants of B16F10 melanoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 63(5):725–735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Qi HH, Yang N, Li M, Xing EH, Sun Y, Yu M, Li WD, Lu J (2014) Suppression of the production of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the B16F10 cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. J Interf Cytokine Res 34(9):667–675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Sun LX, Li WD, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Xing EH, Jiang MM, Yang N, Qi HH, Sun Y, Li M, Niu YD, Lu J (2015) Cytokine production suppression by culture supernatant of B16F10 cells and amelioration by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in activated lymphocytes. Cell Tissue Res 360(2):379–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Sun LX, Li WD, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Li XF, Yang N, Lan TF, Li M, Sun Y, Yu M, Lu J (2014) Protection against lung Cancer patient plasma-induced lymphocyte suppression by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Cell Physiol Biochem 33(2):289–299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lu J, Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Ge ZH, Xing EH, Lan TF, Yang N, Li XJ, Li M, Li WD (2014) Antagonism by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against the suppression by culture supernatants of B16F10 melanoma cells on macrophage. Phytother Res 28(2):200–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Liao SF, Liang CH, Ho MY, Hsu TL, Tsai TI, Hsieh YS, Tsai CM, Li ST, Cheng YY, Tsao SM, Lin TY, Lin ZY, Yang WB, Ren CT, Lin KI, Khoo KH, Lin CH, Hsu HY, Wu CY, Wong CH (2013) Immunization of fucose-containing polysaccharides from Reishi mushroom induces antibodies to tumor- associated Globo H- series epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(34):13809–13814

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Cong Z, Lin ZB (1981) The pharmacological study of Lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)and the research therapeutical principle of ″ Fuzhengguben″ in traditional Chinese medicine. J Beijing Med Coll 1(1):6–10

    Google Scholar 

  80. Lin ZB (2001) Integrated study with traditional and Western medicine on Ganoderma(Lingzhi)guided by theory TCM. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med 21(12):883–884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lin ZB (2010) Fu Zhen Gu ben principle of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) explained by integrated study with traditional and Western medicine. J Fujian Univ of Tradit 20(6):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  82. Yan BK, Wei YJ, Li YQ (1998) Effect of Laojunxian Lingzhi Oral liquid combined with chemotherapy on non-parvicellular lung cancer at stages II and III. Tradit Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol 9(2):78–80

    Google Scholar 

  83. Zhang X, Jia YM, Li Q, Niu SF, Zhu SN, Shen CF (2000) Clinical curative effect investigation of Lingzhi tablets on lung cancer. Chin Tradit Pat Med 22(7):486–588

    Google Scholar 

  84. Wang YH, Qu ZH, Zhao ZY (2014) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores on immune function in patients with non small cell lung cancer during chemotherapy. China Pract Med 9(23):20–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lin ND, Su JN, Zhu Z, Gao YH, Gao H, Xie GY (2004) Analysis on 66 cases of cancer patients treated by chemotherapy with extract of Ganoderma lucidum. J Pract Tradit Chin Intern Med 18(5):457–458

    Google Scholar 

  86. Qi YF, Li XR, Yan M, Liu A, Jiao ZH, Liu Y (1999) Clinical observation of adjuvant chemotherapy by Ganoderma lucidum spore for the treatment of digestive tract cancer patients. Chin J I Integr Tradit West Med 19(9):554–555

    Google Scholar 

  87. Zhen ZJ, Chen YJ, Yong JI, Wang FJ, Li JY, Li QH, Wu ZP, Fan GY (2012) Inhibitory efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum spore on recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Dig Oncol (Electron Version) 4(1):40–43

    Google Scholar 

  88. Zhen ZJ, Wang FJ, Fan GY, Chen HW (2013) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore to the immunological function of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after operation. Chin J Hepat Surg (Electron Ed) 2(3):171–174

    Google Scholar 

  89. Zhou JH, Zhang QH (2014) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore on T cell subtype and VEGF of peripheral blood in old patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix. Matern Child Health Care China 29(13):2021–2022

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X (2012) Spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum improves cancer- related fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy:a pilot clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:809614, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/809614

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Jin X, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, Chan GC (2016) Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD007731. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007731.pub3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Santesso N, MLIS, Wieland LS, MPH (2016) A summary of a Cochrane review: Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Integr Med 8:619–620

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Cao QZ, Lin ZB (2006) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide inhibits the growth of vascular endothelial cell and the induction of VEGF in human lung cancer cell. Life Sci 78(13):1457–1463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Wang XJ, Xu JP, Cheng YF (2006) Inhibitory and antiangiogenetic effects of Ganoderma Lucidum spore on the human hepatocarcinoma transplanted in nude mice. Acta Acad Med Xuzhou 26(2):115–119

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hsu SC, Ou CC, Chuang TC, Li JW, Lee YJ, Wang V, Liu JY, Chen CS, Lin SC, Kao MC (2009) Ganoderma tsugae extract inhibits expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and angiogenesis in human epidermoid carcinoma cells:In vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 281(1):108–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Guo PR, Sheng YW, Liu B, Wang C, Liu YD, Fu DW et al (2014) Influence of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the tumor growth and angiogenesis in bladder cancer(T24)cells-bearing nude mice. Med J Chin PLA 9(6):470–474

    Google Scholar 

  97. Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Baba K (2002) Antitumor and antimetastatic effects on liver of triterpenoid fractions of Ganoderma lucidum: mechanism of action and isolation of an active substance. Anticancer Res 22(6A):3309–3318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Song YS, Kim SH, Sa JH, Jin C, Lim CJ, Park EH (2004) Anti-angiogenic and inhibitory activity on inducible nitric oxide production of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol 90(1):17–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Zhang XC, Chen GL, Ma B, Li XJ, Yu HM (2005) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides inhibit angiogenesis and cell adhesion in chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Basic Clin Med 25(9):825–828

    Google Scholar 

  100. Qi ZH, Meng J, Wang ZL, Sun HZ, Yang G (2016) Antitumor effect of Ganoderma lipsiense extract on triple-negative breast Cancer model mice and mechanism study. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med 36(3):366–369

    Google Scholar 

  101. Sliva D, Sedlak M, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Lloyd FP Jr, Ho NW (2003) Biologic activity of spores and dried powder from Ganoderma lucidum for the inhibition of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells. J Altern Complement Med 9(4):491–497

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Sliva D, Labarrere C, Slivova V, Sedlak M, Lloyd FP Jr, Ho NW (2002) Ganoderma lucidum suppresses motility of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298(4):603–612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Cao QZ, Lin SQ, Wang SZ, Lin ZB (2007) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide on invasion of human lung carcinoma cells in vitro. J Peking Univ(Health Sci) 39(6):653–652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zhao SF, Luo B, Cheng JX (2010) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore on invasion and metastasis of human ovarian carcinoma cells. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chin Med 16(6):524–526

    Google Scholar 

  105. Li WD, Zhang BD, Wei R, Liu JH, Lin ZB (2008) Reversal effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cell line. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29(5):620–627

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Sadava D, Still DW, Mudry RR, Kane SE (2009) Effect of Ganoderma on drug-sensitive and multidrug resistant small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 277(2):182–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Tang W (2013) Ganoderic acid T improves sensitivity of multidrug resistant KB-A-1/Dox cells to doxorubicin. Nat Prod Res Dev 25:1052–1055

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Tang Y, Gao QH, Xu WT, Wu Z, Li FR (2013) Study of Ganoderma lucidum on active component reversed SGC7901/ADR multidrug resistance. J Chin Med Mater 36(1):2007–2010

    Google Scholar 

  109. Chung WT, Lee SH, Kim JD, Park YS, Hwang B, Lee SY, Lee HY (2001) Effect of mycelial culture broth of Ganoderma lucidum on the growth characteristics of human cell lines. J Biosci Bioeng 92(6):550–555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Gao JJ, Min BS, Ahn EM, Nakamura N, Lee HK, Hattori M (2002) New triterpene aldehydes, lucialdehydes A-C, from Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against murine and human tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull(Tokyo) 50(6):837–840

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Min BS, Gao JJ, Nakamura N, Hattori M (2000) Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth- A and LLC tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 48(7):1026–1033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Su HJ, Fann YF, Chung MI, Won SJ, Lin CN (2000) New lanostanoids of Ganoderma tsugae. J Nat Prod 63(4):514–512

    Google Scholar 

  113. Müller CI, Kumagai T, O’Kelly J, Seeram NP, Heber D, Koeffler HP (2006) Ganoderma lucidum causes apoptosis in leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 30(7):841–848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ruan WW, Popovich DG (2012) Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid extract induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells(Caco- 2). Biomed Prev Nutr 2(3):203–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Calviño E, Pajuelo L, Manjón JL, Sancho P, Tejedor MC, Gil J et al (2012) Active fraction from Ganoderma lucidum with apoptosis activity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Integr Med 4(3):e335–e343

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhibin Lin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lin, Z., Sun, L. (2019). Antitumor Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Mediated by Immunological Mechanism and Its Clinical Application. In: Lin, Z., Yang, B. (eds) Ganoderma and Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1182. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics