Abstract
Mycotoxins are certainly recognized as secondary metabolites by the fungal pathogens after invasion into the host plants, which are toxic or harmful to plants, animals and human beings. To trace back to the origin of mycotoxin contamination, the fungal pathogens are surely the targets and also the source of mycotoxin synthesis there, except for the hosts. Actually the types of produced mycotoxin are basically and genetically determined by the pathogenic microbes. Due to the expertise or more familiar characteristics, this chapter will cover more about Fusarium and Alternaria species, trying to elucidate their contribution to the network of mycotoxin biosynthesis. This would be very helpful to unveil molecular regulation mechanisms from the origins and control of mycotoxin contaminants from the basic components.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahuja M, Chiang YM, Chang SL, Praseuth MB, Entwistle R, Sanchez JF, Lo HC, Yeh HH, Oakley BR, Wang CC (2012) Illuminating the diversity of aromatic polyketide synthases in Aspergillus nidulans. J Am Chem Soc 134(19):8212–8221
Aoki T, Tanaka F, Suga H, Hyakumachi M, Scandiani MM, O’Donnell K (2012) Fusarium azukicola sp nov., an exotic azuki bean root-rot pathogen in Hokkaido, Japan. Mycologia 104(5):1068–1084. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-303
Broekaert N, Devreese M, De Mil T, Fraeyman S, Antonissen G, De Baere S, De Backer P, Vermeulen A, Croubels S (2015) Oral bioavailability, hydrolysis, and comparative toxicokinetics of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in broiler chickens and pigs. J Agr Food Chem 63(39):8734–8742. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03270
Broekaert N, Devreese M, van Bergen T, Schauvliege S, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Vanhaecke L, Berthiller F, Michlmayr H, Malachova A, Adam G, Vermeulen A, Croubels S (2017) In vivo contribution of deoxynivalenol-3-beta-D-glucoside to deoxynivalenol exposure in broiler chickens and pigs: oral bioavailability, hydrolysis and toxicokinetics. Arch Toxicol 91(2):699–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1710-2
Dahl B, Wilson WW (2018) Risk premiums due to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat and barley. Agric Syst 162:145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.025
de Kuppler ALM, Steiner U, Sulyok M, Krska R, Oerke EC (2011) Genotyping and phenotyping of Fusarium graminearum isolates from Germany related to their mycotoxin biosynthesis. Int J Food Microbiol 151(1):78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.006
Duan CX, Qin ZH, Yang ZH, Li WX, Sun SL, Zhu ZD, Wang XM (2016) Identification of pathogenic Fusarium spp. causing maize ear rot and potential mycotoxin production in China. Toxins 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060186
Duan YB, Xiao XM, Li T, Chen WW, Wang JX, Fraaije BA, Zhou MG (2018) Impact of epoxiconazole on Fusarium head blight control, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. Pestic Biochem Physiol 152:138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.012
Eriksen GS, Pettersson H, Lundh T (2004) Comparative cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, their acetylated derivatives and de-epoxy metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 42(4):619–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.006
Kelly AC, Clear RM, O’Donnell K, McCormick S, Turkington TK, Tekauz A, Gilbert J, Kistler HC, Busman M, Ward TJ (2015) Diversity of Fusarium head blight populations and trichothecene toxin types reveals regional differences in pathogen composition and temporal dynamics. Fungal Genet Biol 82:22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.016
Kuhn DM, Ghannoum MA (2003) Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 16(1):144–172. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.1.144-172.2003
Liu YY, Sun HY, Li W, Xia YL, Deng YY, Zhang AX, Chen HG (2017) Fitness of three chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum species complex in major winter wheat-producing areas of China. PLoS One 12(3):e0174040. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174040
Minervini F, Fornelli F, Flynn KM (2004) Toxicity and apoptosis induced by the mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B-1 in a human erythroleukemia cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 18(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00130-9
Nicolli CP, Machado FJ, Spolti P, Del Ponte EM (2018) Fitness traits of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol-producing Fusarium graminearum species complex strains from wheat. Plant Dis 102(7):1341–1347. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-1943-re
Nielsen LK, Jensen JD, Rodriguez A, Jorgensen LN, Justesen AF (2012) TRI12 based quantitative real-time PCR assays reveal the distribution of trichothecene genotypes of F. graminearum and F. culmorum isolates in Danish small grain cereals. Int J Food Microbiol 157(3):384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.010
Nobis A, Rohrig A, Hellwig M, Henle T, Becker T, Gastl M (2019) Formation of 3-deoxyglucosone in the malting process. Food Chem 290:187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.144
O’Donnell K (2000) Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia 92(5):919–938. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761588
Pasquali M, Giraud F, Brochot C, Cocco E, Hoffmann L, Bohn T (2010) Genetic Fusarium chemotyping as a useful tool for predicting nivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 137(2–3):246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.009
Pestka JJ, Smolinski AT (2005) Deoxynivalenol: toxicology and potential effects on humans. J Toxicol Environ Health-Pt b-Crit Rev 8(1):39–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400590889458
Poppenberger B, Berthiller F, Lucyshyn D, Sieberer T, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Kuchler K, Glossl J, Luschnig C, Adam G (2003) Detoxification of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a UDP-glucosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 278(48):47905–47914. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M307552200
Raistrick H, Stickings CE, Thomas R (1953) Studies in the biochemistry of microorganisms. 90. Alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, metabolic products of Alternaria tenuis. Biochem J 55(3):421–433
Reynoso MM, Ramirez ML, Torres AM, Chulze SN (2011) Trichothecene genotypes and chemotypes in Fusarium graminearum strains isolated from wheat in Argentina. Int J Food Microbiol 145(2–3):444–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.020
Sarver BAJ, Ward TJ, Gale LR, Broz K, Kistler HC, Aoki T, Nicholson P, Carter J, O’Donnell K (2011) Novel Fusarium head blight pathogens from Nepal and Louisiana revealed by multilocus genealogical concordance. Fungal Genet Biol 48(12):1096–1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2011.09.002
Shimada T, Otani M (1990) Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on the growth of shoots and roots at germination in some Japanese wheat cultivars. Cereal Res Commun 18(3):229–232
Stickings CE (1959) Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 106. Metabolites of Alternaria tenuis auct.: the structure of tenuazonic acid. Biochem J 72(2):332–340
Varga E, Wiesenberger G, Hametner C, Ward TJ, Dong Y, Schoefbeck D, McCormick S, Broz K, Stueckler R, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Kistler HC, Berthiller F, Adam G (2015) New tricks of an old enemy: isolates of Fusarium graminearum produce a type A trichothecene mycotoxin. Environ Microbiol 17(8):2588–2600. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12718
Ward TJ, Clear RM, Rooney AP, O’Donnell K, Gaba D, Patrick S, Starkey DE, Gilbert J, Geiser DM, Nowicki TW (2008) An adaptive evolutionary shift in Fusarium head blight pathogen populations is driving the rapid spread of more toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in North America. Fungal Genet Biol 45(4):473–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2007.10.003
Warth B, Fruhmann P, Wiesenberger G, Kluger B, Sarkanj B, Lemmens M, Hametner C, Frohlich J, Adam G, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2015) Deoxynivalenol-sulfates: identification and quantification of novel conjugated (masked) mycotoxins in wheat. Anal Bioanal Chem 407(4):1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8340-4
Wenderoth M, Garganese F, Schmidt-Heydt M, Tobias SS, Ippolito A, Sanzani SM, Fischer R (2019) Alternariol as virulence and colonization factor of Alternaria alternata during plant infection. Mol Microbiol 112(1):131–146
Wu QH, Dohnal V, Huang LL, Kuca K, Yuan ZH (2010) Metabolic pathways of trichothecenes. Drug Metab Rev 42(2):250–267. https://doi.org/10.3109/03602530903125807
Yun CS, Motoyama T, Osada H (2015) Biosynthesis of the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid by a fungal NRPS-PKS hybrid enzyme. Nat Commun 6:8758
Zhang H, Van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, Chen WQ, Xu J, Xu JS, Zhang Y, Feng J (2012) Population analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in China show a shift to more aggressive isolates. PLoS One 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031722
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yu, D., Wang, J., Tang, Y., Hu, D., Wu, A. (2019). Origin of Mycotoxin-Producing Fungal Species. In: Wu, A. (eds) Food Safety & Mycotoxins. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9038-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9038-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9037-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9038-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)