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Protein Structure and Function in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

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Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology

Abstract

Aging is not a disease, but a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways and biochemical events. It is usually seen as the reason of progressive loss of physiological functions that ultimately lead to death. Every species is associated with an average life expectancy, and therefore it is plausible to think that aging is programmed in our genes. Genes exert their effects by gene expression that is coupled with protein synthesis. Proteins are most abundant and structurally diverse, perform wide variety of roles, and in part maintain functional stability and homeostasis of cells. Protein misfolding, aggregation, or an alteration in protein–protein/nucleic acid/lipid interactions and modifications has the potential to disturb many metabolic pathways. During aging such alterations are accelerated and accumulations of altered proteins are correlated with age- and disease-related pathologies. Therefore, it is critical to identify and understand proteomic spectrum and its functional implications in the aging process. Protein structure and integrity of function in protein synthesis, accuracy, posttranslational modifications, and their role in metabolic pathways and associated diseases are discussed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Vikash Verma (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA) for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable comments.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Anshumali Mittal

  2. Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Pramod C. Rath

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Correspondence to Anshumali Mittal .

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Pramod C. Rath

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Mittal, A., Rath, P.C. (2020). Protein Structure and Function in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. In: Rath, P. (eds) Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9005-1_1

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