Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Self-Organisation Process, Accessibility and Principles of Justice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China

  • 129 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on investigating the roles of accessibility and social justice theories in the self-organisation process. Accessibility is a concept in transport planning that is used to measure the ability of an individual to penetrate constraints to reach his desired activities. In the studies of the self-organisation process in the following chapters, the accessibility problems of low-income workers in urban China in overcoming constraints on reaching employment opportunities and non-work activities will be introduced. The low-income workers in the deprived neighbourhoods being studied experience self-organisation processes in which they use their individual decisions and actions to interact with the various government policies and social norms to achieve employment and housing. Many of them have to work long hours or face time conflicts between household duties and employment. As a result, they choose to spend less time pursuing non-work activities, such as social and recreational activities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ben-Akiva M, Lerman SR (1979) Disaggregate travel and mobility-choice models and measures of accessibility. In: Hensher DA, Stopher PR (eds) Behavioural travel modeling. Croom-Helm, London, pp 654–679

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham J (1988 [1776]) A fragment on government. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beyazit E (2011) Evaluating social justice in transport: lessons to be learned from the capability approach. Transp Rev 31(1):117–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boisjoly G, El-Geneidy AM (2017) The insider: a planners’ perspective on accessibility. J Transp Geogr 64:33–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetta G, Caldarice O (2014) Self-organisation and retail-led regeneration: a new territorial governance within the Italian context. Local Econ 29(4–5):334–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao M, Hickman R (2019) Understanding travel and differential capabilities and functionings in Beijing. Transp Policy 83:46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carleton PR, Porter JD (2018) A comparative analysis of the challenges in measuring transit equity: definitions, interpretations, and limitations. J Transp Geogr 72:64–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan KW (2009) The Chinese Hukou system 50. Eurasian Geogr Econ 50(2):197–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Mokhtarian PL (2006) Trade-offs between time allocations to maintenance activities/travel and discretionary activities/travel. Transportation 33:223–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • China Daily (2017) High-speed trains to reduce travel time between west China cities, December. http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-12/05/content_35217290.htm. Accessed 2 Feb 2018

  • Dijst M, Vidakovic V (2000) Travel time ratio: the key factor of spatial reach. Transportation 27:179–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geurs KT, Wee BV (2004) Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions. Transp Geogr 12:127–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1979) Central problems in social theory: action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1981) A contemporary critique of historical materialism. Vol. 1. Power, property and the state. Macmillan, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1984) The constitution of society. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandy C (2006) Through a glass, darkly: an economic view of fairness, globalization, and states. In: Jim D, Dick P, Yongseok S (eds) Fairness, globalization, and public institutions: East Asia and beyond. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu, pp 49–60

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hägerstrand T (1970) What about people in regional science? Reg Sci Assoc Pap 24(1):7–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen WG (1959) How accessibility shapes land use. J Am Inst Plann 25:73–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey D (1973) Social justice and the city. Basil Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • He S, Wu F (2005) Property-led redevelopment in post-reform China: a case study of Xintiandi redevelopment project in Shanghai. J Urban Aff 27(1):1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heylighen F (2008) Complexity and self-organization. In: Bates MJ, Maack MN (eds) Encyclopedia of library and information sciences, 3rd edn. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 1215–1224

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HM, Kwan MP (2003) Space-time accessibility measures: a geo-computational algorithm with a focus on the feasible opportunity set and possible activity duration. J Geogr Syst 5(1):71–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krugman PR (1996) What economists can learn from evolutionary theorists, (transcript of speech given to the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, Rome). http://web.mit.edu.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/krugman/www/evolute.html

  • Levitas R, Pantazis C, Fahmy E, Gordon D, Lloyd E, Patsios D (2007) The multi- dimensional analysis of social exclusion, department of sociology and school for social policy, Townsend centre for the international study of poverty and Bristol institute for public affairs. University of Bristol, Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao Z, Etterma D, Dijst M (2018) Analysis of travel time and mode choice shift for non-work stops in commuting: case study of Beijing, China. Transportation 45:751–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mas-Colell A, Whinston MD, Green JR (1995) Chapter 16: equilibrium and its basic welfare properties, microeconomic theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer D, Miller EJ (2001) Urban transport planning: a decision-oriented approach. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller D (1976) Social justice. Claredon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller HJ (1991) Modelling accessibility using space-time prism concepts within geographical information systems. Int J Geogr Inf Syst 5(3):287–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller EJ (2018) Accessibility: measurement and application in transportation planning. Transp Rev 38(5):551–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mote JE, Whitestone Y (2011) The social context of informal commuting: slugs, strangers and structuration. Transp Res A 45:258–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Nahmias-Biran BH, Martens K, Shiftan Y (2017) Integrating equity in transportation project assessment: a philosophical exploration and its practical implications. Transp Rev 37(2):192–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neutens T, Witlox F, Demaeyer P (2007) Individual accessibility and travel possibilities: a literature review on time geography. Eur J Transp Infrastruct Res 7(4):335–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson Z, Farber S (2015) Potential path areas and activity spaces in application: a review. Transp Rev 35(6):679–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira RHM, Schwanen T, Banister D (2017) Distributive justice and equity in transportation. Transp Rev 37(2):170–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portugali J (2000) Self-organization and the city. Springer, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pyrialakou VD, Gkritza K, Fricker JD (2016) Accessibility, mobility, and realized travel behavior: assessing transport disadvantage from a policy perspective. J Transp Geogr 51:252–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauws W, De Roo G, Zhang S (2016) Self-organisation and spatial planning: an editorial introduction. Town Plan Rev 87(3):241–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawls J (1971) A theory of justice. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan J, Wretstrand A, Schmidt SM (2019) Disparities in mobility among older people: findings from a capability-based travel survey. Transp Policy 79:177–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1979) Personal utilities and public judgments: or what’s wrong with welfare economics? Econ J 89:537–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1980) Equality of what? Choice, welfare and measurement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), 1997 [Originally published in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Vol. I, by the University of Utah Press and Cambridge University Press, 1980]

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1981) Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1984) Resources, values and development. Oxford, Basil Blackwell

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1992) Inequality reexamined. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (1999) Development as freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen A (2000) Social exclusion: concept, application and scrutiny. Social development papers no 1. Office of Environment and Social Development, Asian Development Bank, Manila

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith A (1937) An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations [1776]. In: Cannan E (ed) . Random House, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith N, Hirsch D, Davis A (2012) Accessibility and capability: the minimum transport needs and costs of rural households. J Transp Geogr 21:93–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solá AG, Vilhelmson B, Larsson A (2018) Understanding sustainable accessibility in urban planning: themes of consensus, themes of tension. J Transp Geogr 70:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wee B, Geurs K (2011) Discussing equity and social exclusion in accessibility evaluations. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 11(4):350–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Chai Y (2009) The jobs–housing relationship and commuting in Beijing, China: the legacy of Danwei. J Transp Geogr 17:30–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Zhou M (2017) The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: a literature review. Transp Res D 52:574–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wee BV, Roeser S (2013) Ethical theories and the cost–benefit analysis-based Ex Ante evaluation of transport policies and plans. Transp Rev 33(6):743–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2014) Urban China: toward efficient, inclusive, and sustainable urbanization, development research center of the state council, the People’s Republic of China. World Bank Group, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2018) Social inclusion. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion. Accessed 20 Mar 2018

  • Yang W, Chen BY, Cao X, Li T, Li P (2017) The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of modal accessibility gaps: a case study for Guangzhou, China. J Transp Geogr 60:21–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zacharias J (2012) Resisting motorization in Guangzhou. Habitat Int 36:93–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Wang J, Kwan MP, Chai Y (2019) Reside nearby, behave apart? Activity-space-based segregation among residents of various types of housing in Beijing, China. Cities 88:166–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Benthlage M, Thierstein A (2017) Residence, workplace and commute: interrelated spatial choices of knowledge workers in the metropolitan region of Munich. J Transp Geogr 62:197–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Joseph Cho-yam Lau

Authors
  1. Joseph Cho-yam Lau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lau, J.Cy. (2020). Self-Organisation Process, Accessibility and Principles of Justice. In: Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2252-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2252-9_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2251-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2252-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation