Skip to main content

Policies to Build a Strong, Quality and Stable Teaching Workforce: In Spite of…

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Out-of-Field Teaching and Education Policy

Abstract

Teacher retention is of the utmost importance to the building of a stable, strong, quality teaching workforce. Research (Du Plessis in Understanding the out-of-field teaching experience 2014, Out-of-field teaching: What educational leaders need to know. Sense Publishers, Boston, MA 2017, Professional support beyond initial teacher education. Springer, Singapore 2019) shows that with support, engaged leadership and professional trust interrelationships, teachers in challenging positions such as out-of-field teaching perceive their teaching situation as manageable and tend to remain in the teaching profession, often staying at the school where they have been supported. Out-of-field teachers shared that it takes them from 3 to 5 years to develop expertise in a specific subject area or field, information that is of considerable value when school leaders make decisions about micro-education policies to improve their students’ achievements. Decisions to assign teachers to different out-of-field subjects on a continual basis have a crushing impact on the development of teachers’ expertise. Out-of-field teachers need time to adjust to an unfamiliar subject and/or year level to develop sound content and pedagogical content knowledge, and to “settle down” in an out-of-field subject area, field or year level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, S., Moore, S., & Sun, J. (2009). Positioning the principals in patterns of school leadership distribution. In K. Leithwood, B. Mascall, & T. Strauss (Eds.), Distributed leadership according to the evidence (pp. 111–136). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, N., & Mellor, S. (2016). Building quality in teaching and teacher education. In S. Mellor (Series Ed.), Australian Education Review. Retrieved from ACEReSearch website https://research.acer.edu.au/aer/15/.

  • Barlow, D. (2002). Putting the right teachers in the right places. The Education Digest, 68(4), 64–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthelsen, D., & Walker, S. (2008). Parents’ involvement in their children’s education. Family Matters, 79, 34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, T. (2003). Theories of educational leadership and management (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, T. (2008). From management to leadership: Semantic or meaningful change? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 36(2), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207087777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, T., Glover, D., & Harris, A. (2008). Review of school leadership. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 32(3), 243–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, B. (2009). Leadership that transforms schools. Teacher: The National Education Magazine, 6, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlyle, D., & Woods, P. (2002). Emotions of teacher stress. Staffordshire, UK: Trentham Books Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, H. (2008). Vygotsky and research. London, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2010a). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2010b). Teacher education and the American future. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1–2), 35–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Davies, B. (2009). Strategic leadership. In B. Davies (Ed.), The essentials of school leadership (2nd ed., pp. 13–36). London, UK: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, C., Kington, A., Stobart, G., & Sammons, P. (2006). The personal and professional selves of teachers: Stable and unstable identities. British Educational Research Journal, 32(4), 601–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeFour, R., & Marzano, R. (2011). Leaders and learning: How district, school and classroom leaders improve student achievement. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimmock, C. (1999). Principals and school restructuring: Conceptualising challenges as dilemmas. Journal of Educational Administration, 37(5), 19–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimmock, C., & Walker, A. (2005). Educational leadership: Culture and diversity. London, UK: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiPaola, M. (2003). Conflict and change: Daily challenges for school leaders. In N. Bennett, M. Crawford, & M. Cartwright (Eds.), Effective educational leadership (pp. 143–158). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Plessis, A. (2014). Understanding the out-of-field teaching experience (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:330372.

  • Du Plessis, A. (2017). Out-of-field teaching: What educational leaders need to know. Boston, MA: Sense Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Du Plessis, A. (2019). Professional support beyond initial teacher education: Pedagogical discernment and the influence of out-of-field teaching practices. Singapore: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Du Plessis, A. E., & McDonagh, K. (2020). Leadership for well-being: Managing the implications of the out-of-field teaching phenomenon. Manuscript in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Plessis, A. E., Hoang, N., Wang, J., Schmidt, A., Mertens, L., & Cullinan, M., & Cameron, V. (2018). Invest in the future of education: Building a stable and quality beginning teacher workforce. Critical factors for reform: Evidence from the field (Research report). Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Australian Catholic University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J., Sanders, M., Sheldon, S., Simon, B., Salinas, K., Jansorn, N. R., … Williams, K. (2018). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. (2007a). An overview of dispositions in teacher education. In M. Diez & J. Raths (Eds.), Dispositions in teacher education (pp. 3–33). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. (2007b). Teacher dispositions in context. In M. Diez & J. Raths (Eds.), Dispositions in teacher education (pp. 117–138). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, G. (2002a). Introduction. In G. Furman (Ed.), School as community: From promise to practice (pp. 1–19). Albany, NY: State of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, G. (2002b). Postmodernism and community in schools: Unraveling the paradox. In G. Furman (Ed.), School as community: From promise to practice (pp. 51–75). Albany, NY: State of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, G. (2002c). Toward a practice of school community. In G. Furman (Ed.), School as community: From promise to practice (pp. 277–294). Albany, NY: State of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getkin, K. (2009). Reforming or changing educational leadership. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 32(2), 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gore, J., Holmes, K., Smith, M., & Fray, L. (2015). Investigating the factors that influence the choice of teaching as a first career (Report). Retrieved from http://qct.edu.au/pdf/research/WhyPeopleChooseTeachingLiteratureReview.pdf.

  • Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, H. (2007). Learning in the teaching workforce. The Future of Children, 17(1), 111–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, R. (2002). Out-of-field-teaching, educational inequality, and the organization of schools: An exploratory analysis. CPRE Research Reports, 22. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/22/.

  • Kristjánsson, K. (2007). Aristotle, emotions, and education. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham, D. (2009). Perceptions of school leadership. Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice, 24(1), 21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, H., & Printy, S. (2003). Principal leadership and school performance: An integration of transformational and instructional leadership. Education Quarterly Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X03253412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazyck, D. (2009). Healthy school communities. NASN School Nurse, 24(2), 51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602x08330744.

  • National Teaching Workforce Dataset Working Group. (2014). National teaching workforce data set (Project report). Retrieved from Australian Government Department of Education & Training website: https://docs.education.gov.au/node/36285.

  • Owen, S. (2016). Professional learning communities: Building skills, reinvigorating the passion, and nurturing teacher wellbeing and “flourishing” within significantly innovative schooling contexts. Educational Review, 68(4), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2015.1119101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, J. (2011). Influencing community involvement in school: A school community council. McGill Journal of Education, 46(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.7202/1006435ar.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Queensland Audit Office. (2013). Supply of specialist subject teachers in secondary schools. Report to Parliament 2: 2013–14. Retrieved from https://www.qao.qld.gov.au/sites/qao/files/reports/rtp_supply_of_specialist_subject_teachers_in_secondary_schools.pdf.

  • Redding, S. (1996). Quantifying the components of school community. The School Community Journal, 6(2), 131–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, Z., & Peled, D. (2002). School ethical climate and parental involvement. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230210433427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sergiovanni, T. (1992). Moral leadership: Getting to the heart of school improvement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, S. B., & van Voorhis, F. L. (2004). Partnership programs in U.S. schools: Their development and relationship to family involvement outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 15(2), 125–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, C. (2002). Learning from educators: Insights into building communities of difference. In G. Furman (Ed.), School as community: From promise to practice (pp. 143–162). Albany, NY: State of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skilbeck, M., & Connell, H. (2004). Teachers for the future: The changing nature of society and related issues for the teaching workforce. Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?url=evt/teachereduc/subs/sub059.pdf.

  • Smith, B. (2002). Keeping emotions in mind. In P. Goldie (Ed.), Understanding emotions: Mind and morals (pp. 111–121). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J., Camburn, E., & Stitziel Pareja, A. (2009). School principals at work: A distributed perspective. In K. Leithwood, B. Mascall, & T. Strauss (Eds.), Distributed leadership according to the evidence (pp. 87–110). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spratt, J. (2017). Wellbeing, equity and education: A critical analysis of policy discourses of wellbeing in schools. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sutcher, L., Darling-Hammond, L., & Carver-Thomas, D. (2016). A coming crisis in teaching? Teacher supply, demand, and shortages in the U.S. (Learning Policy Institute Research Brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Manen, M. (1991). The tact of teaching: The meaning of pedagogical thoughtfulness. Ontario, Canada: The Althouse Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Manen, M. (2016). The tone of teaching: The language of pedagogy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weldon, P. (2015). The teacher workforce in Australia: Supply, demand and data issues. Policy Insights, 2. Retrieved from https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=policyinsights.

  • Weldon, P. (2016). Out-of-field teaching in Australian secondary schools. Policy Insights, 6. Retrieved from https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=policyinsights.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Elizabeth Du Plessis .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Du Plessis, A.E. (2020). Policies to Build a Strong, Quality and Stable Teaching Workforce: In Spite of…. In: Out-of-Field Teaching and Education Policy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1948-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1948-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1947-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1948-2

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics