Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cotton Production and Uses pp 485–494Cite as

Cotton Ontogeny

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The chapter deals with fundamental transformation in cotton during various developmental phases from germinating seeds to formation of mature seeds. Initially, the complex metabolic changes occur in seeds followed by rehydration. The storage lipids and protein act as a source of energy during germination process and following energy requirement is fulfilled from photosynthesis. The cotton crop enters a reproductive growth following a 4–5 weeks of germination. The flavonoids are responsible for appearance of flower’s colour. The nutrient uptake increases from flowering to fruiting and declines at maturity. Depending upon the mobility, the nutrients accumulated in leaves are translocated to developing bolls. The developing seeds start accumulation of oil and protein. Among three boll components, the fibres and seed coat are rich in cellulose and starch, respectively. Oil and protein are accumulated in the developing embryos. The oil contents increase with boll age and starch initially increases and then drops down. However, protein contents are initially high and drop down during second week of anthesis and then followed by steady increase. The auxin and ethylene production in developing bolls decreases with age.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbas Q, Ahmad S (2018) Effect of different sowing times and cultivars on cotton fiber quality under stable cotton-wheat cropping system in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Life Soc Sci 16:77–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Raza I (2014) Optimization of management practices to improve cotton fiber quality under irrigated arid environment. J Food Agric Environ 2(2):609–613

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Raza I, Ali H, Shahzad AN, Atiq-ur-Rehman, Sarwar N (2014) Response of cotton crop to exogenous application of glycinebetaine under sufficient and scarce water conditions. Braz J Bot 37(4):407–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Abbas Q, Abbas G, Fatima Z, Atique-ur-Rehman, Naz S, Younis H, Khan RJ, Nasim W, Habib urRehman M, Ahmad A, Rasul G, Khan MA, Hasanuzzaman M (2017) Quantification of climate warming and crop management impacts on cotton phenology. Plants 6(7):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad S, Iqbal M, Muhammad T, Mehmood A, Ahmad S, Hasanuzzaman M (2018) Cotton productivity enhanced through transplanting and early sowing. Acta Sci Biol Sci 40:e34610

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Afzal MN, Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Akhtar M, Atif R (2011) Effect of sowing dates, plant spacing and nitrogen application on growth and productivity on cotton crop. Int J Sci Eng Res 2(9):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Abid SA, Ahmad S, Sarwar N, Arooj M, Mahmood A, Shahzad AN (2013a) Integrated weed management in cotton cultivated in the alternate-furrow planting system. J Food Agric Environ 11(3&4):1664–1669

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Abid SA, Ahmad S, Sarwar N, Arooj M, Mahmood A, Shahzad AN (2013b) Impact of integrated weed management on flat-sown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Anim Plant Sci 23(4):1185–1192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Hameed RA, Ahmad S, Shahzad AN, Sarwar N (2014a) Efficacy of different techniques of nitrogen application on American cotton under semi-arid conditions. J Food Agric Environ 12(1):157–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali H, Hussain GS, Hussain S, Shahzad AN, Ahmad S, Javeed HMR, Sarwar N (2014b) Early sowing reduces cotton leaf curl virus occurrence and improves cotton productivity. Cer Agron Moldova XLVII(4):71–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Amin A, Nasim W, Mubeen M, Nadeem M, Ali L, Hammad HM, Sultana SR, Jabran K, Habib urRehman M, Ahmad S, Awais M, Rasool A, Fahad S, Saud S, Shah AN, Ihsan Z, Ali S, Bajwa AA, Hakeem KR, Ameen A, Amanullah, Rehman HU, Alghabar F, Jatoi GH, Akram M, Khan A, Islam F, Ata-Ul-Karim ST, Rehmani MIA, Hussain S, Razaq M, Fathi A (2017) Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(6):5811–5823

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin A, Nasim W, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Nadeem M, Urich P, Fahad S, Ahmad S, Wajid A, Tabassum F, Hammad HM, Sultana SR, Anwar S, Baloch SK, Wahid A, Wilkerson CJ, Hoogenboom G (2018) Simulated CSM-CROPGRO-cotton yield under projected future climate by SimCLIM for southern Punjab, Pakistan. Agric Syst 167:213–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict CK, Kohel RJ, Schubert AM (1976) Transport of 14C-assimilates to cottonseed: integrity of funiculus during seed filling stage. Crop Sci 16:23–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browse J, Ohlrogge JB (1995) Lipid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7:957–970

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dasani SH, Thaker VS (2006) Role of abscisic acid in cotton fiber development. Russ J Plant Physiol 53:62–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dure L III, Chlan C (1981) Developmental biochemistry of cottonseed embryogenesis and germination. XII. Purification and properties of principal storage proteins. Plant Physiol 68:180–186

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guinn G (1982) Fruit age and changes in abscisic acid content, ethylene production, and abscission rate of cotton fruits. Plant Physiol 69:349–352

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MB, Khaliq A, Ahmad S (2004) Performance of mashbean intercropped in cotton planted in different planting patterns. J Res (Sci) 15(2):191–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Leffler HR (1986a) Mineral compartmentation within the boll. USDA-ARS Stoneville, Mississippi. In: Mauney JR, Stewart JMD (eds) Cotton physiology, The Cotton Foundation reference book series, vol 1. The Cotton Foundation, Memphis, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Leffler HR (1986b) Developmental aspects of planting seed quality. USDA-ARS Stoneville, Mississippi. In: Mauney JR, Stewart JMD (eds) Cotton physiology, The Cotton Foundation reference book series, vol 1. The Cotton Foundation, Memphis, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Leffler HR, Tubertini BS (1976) Development of cotton fruit. II. Accumulation and distribution of mineral nutrients. Agron J 68:858–861

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao W, Ruan M, Cui B, Xu N, Lu J, Peng M (2009) Isolation and characterization of aGAI/RGA-like gene from Gossypium hirsutum L. Plant Growth Regul 58:35–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullins GL, Burmester CH (2010) Relation of growth and development to mineral nutrition. In: Stewart JM, Oosterhuis DM, Heitholt JM, Mauney JR (eds) Physiology of cotton. Springer, New York. http://www.springerlink.com/index/u88838767k45m032.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MH, Ahmad A, Wang X, Wajid A, Nasim W, Hussain M, Ahmad B, Ahmad I, Ali Z, Ishaque W, Awais M, Shelia V, Ahmad S, Fahad S, Alam M, Ullah H, Hoogenboom G (2018) Multi-model projections of future climate and climate change impacts uncertainty assessment for cotton production in Pakistan. Agric For Meteorol 253–254:94–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochester IJ, Constable GA, Oosterhuis DM, Errington M (2012) Nutritional requirements of cotton during flowering and fruiting: flowering and fruiting in cotton. In: Oosterhuis DM, Cothren JT (eds) Flowering and fruiting in cotton. The Cotton Foundation, Cordova, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers JP (1981) Cotton fruit development and abscission variations in the level of auxins. Trop Agr (Trin) 58:63–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruan YL (2005) Recent advances in understanding cotton fibre and seed development. Seed Sci Res 15:269–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stiff MR, Haigler CH (2012) Recent advances in cotton fiber development. In: Oosterhuis DM, Cothren JT (eds) Flowering and fruiting in cotton. Cordova, TN, The Cotton Foundation

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Allen RD (2005) Functional analysis of the BIN2 genes of cotton. Mol Genet Genomics 274:51–59

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taliercio E, Kwanyen P, Scheffler J (2010) Nitrogen metabolism in cotton stems and roots during reproductive development. J Cotton Sci 14:107–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan J, Wang M, Tu L, Nie Y, Lin Y, Zhang X (2013) The flavonoid pathway regulates the petal colors of cotton flower. PLoS One 8(8):e72364

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tariq M, Yasmeen A, Ahmad S, Hussain N, Afzal MN, Hasanuzzaman M (2017) Shedding of fruiting structures in cotton: factors, compensation and prevention. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 20(2):251–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Tariq M, Afzal MN, Muhammad D, Ahmad S, Shahzad AN, Kiran A, Wakeel A (2018) Relationship of tissue potassium content with yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton as influenced by potassium application methods. Field Crop Res 229:37–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakare HS, Kumar V, Singh C (2014) Effect of different hydrolytic enzymes on germination of inter and intra specific cotton hybrids and parents. Bioscan 9(3):943–946

    Google Scholar 

  • Usman M, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Irshad M, Khaliq T, Wajid A, Hussain K, Nasim W, Chattha TM, Trethowan R, Hoogenboom G (2009) Development and application of crop water stress index for scheduling irrigation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under semiarid environment. J Food Agric Environ 7(3&4):386–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Li J, Guo X, Jin S, Zhang X (2016) Metabolic engineering of cottonseed oil biosynthesis pathway via RNA interference. Sci Rep 6:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang SS, Cheung F, Lee JJ, Ha M, Wei NE, Sze SH, Stelly DM, Thaxton P, Triplett B, Town CD, Chen ZJ (2006) Accumulation of genome-specific transcripts, transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton. Plant J 47:761–775

    CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Zhang T, Guo W (2010) Effect of H2O2 on fiber initiation using fiber retardation initiation mutants in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Plant Physiol 167:393–399

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Xheng X, Song S, Zeng Q, Hou L, Li D, Zhao J, Wei Y, Li X, Luo M, Xiao Y, Luo X, Zhang J, Xiang C, Pei Y (2011) Spatiotemporal manipulation of auxin biosynthesis in cotton ovule epidermal cells enhances fiber yield and quality. Nat Biotechnol 29:453–458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Oosterhuis DM (2000) Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in developing leaves, bracts and floral buds of cotton. Environ Exp Bot 43:185–195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq

  2. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Ghulam Abbas & Azra Yasmeen

  3. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

Authors
  1. Muhammad Tariq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ghulam Abbas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Azra Yasmeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shakeel Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Tariq .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tariq, M., Abbas, G., Yasmeen, A., Ahmad, S. (2020). Cotton Ontogeny. In: Ahmad, S., Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Cotton Production and Uses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation