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Ecological Management of Cotton Insect Pests

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Book cover Cotton Production and Uses

Abstract

Ecological pest management (EPM) shares many fundamentals of integrated pest management (IPM) considering the stability of natural ecosystems as the most important goal along with good yielding crop cultivation. Cotton is grown in less than 10% of cultivable area but it is the only crop which share more than 45% usage of insecticides. Considering the harmful impacts of pesticides on agroecosystem, stability of natural environment and higher biodiversity in cotton zones is suggested through adopting whole system management approaches. In this approach, combination of many crops, lands, natural vegetation, and cultural practices can suppress the pest populations in cotton areas. Weed management through biocontrol agents is also supported in this system which increases food for predators and parasitoid development ultimately helping to suppress cotton pests. The IPM tactics like classical biological control, clean cropping, crop rotation, etc., can also be easily adopted in ecological based pest management. Soil and natural resources conservation-based biological control will be the vital component of EPM replacing the IPM in the future. It is a fundamental shift to total system approach with “built-in” preventive control measures addressing the increased demand for organic agriculture. Sustainable organic agriculture is interlinked with precise knowledge of multitrophic nutritional levels and their efficient management for pest management strategies. The pesticide or other chemical option will be used at last by adopting precision agriculture equipment, e.g., specific site application through sensor-based applicators (drone sprayer mounted with GPS and WSN).

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Abbreviations

Bt :

Bacillus thuringiensis

CIE:

Copper inducible elicitor

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

EFN:

Extrafloral nectar

EPM:

Ecological pest management

ETL:

Economic threshold level

GM:

Genetically modified

GMOs:

Genetically modified organisms

GPS:

Global positioning system

HPR:

Host-plant resistance

INM:

Integrated nutrient management

IPM:

Integrated pest management

IWM:

Integrated weed management

PA:

Precision agriculture

VRT:

Variable rate technology

WSN:

Wireless sensor network

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Munir Ahmad

  2. Agriculture Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides, Government of Punjab, Layyah, Pakistan

    Wali Muhammad

  3. Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Asif Sajjad

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  1. Munir Ahmad
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  2. Wali Muhammad
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Correspondence to Munir Ahmad .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad

  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Ahmad, M., Muhammad, W., Sajjad, A. (2020). Ecological Management of Cotton Insect Pests. In: Ahmad, S., Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Cotton Production and Uses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_12

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