Abstract
A successful PNL is to make a precise puncture into the target calyx, avoid perirenal viscera and interlobar artery injury, and get into different calyxes to remove stones. Since all these procedures are not carried out openly, several potential injuries are hard to be avoided. Thus, the anatomy of kidney, perirenal viscera, renal collecting system, and renal vessels is significant in the guidance of PNL.
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Zhong, W. (2020). Anatomy for PNL. In: Zeng, G., Sarica, K. (eds) Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0575-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0575-1_2
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