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Oxidative Stress in Crop Plants

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Agronomic Crops

Abstract

Abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and high temperature, heavy metals, salinity, UV and ozone exposure, mineral deficiencies, etc. induce a negative influence on the crop production and food security globally through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the cells of the crop plants. ROS is an umbrella term which encompasses radical and non-radical products generated by incomplete reduction of oxygen through the enzymatic processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and fatty acid oxidation or by non-enzymatic mechanisms. Oxidative stress shows its effect on almost all component of cell as oxidation of DNA fragment; RNA degradation; oxygenation, modification, and destruction of lipids and proteins; and leakage of ions that causes decline in the growth, development, and productivity of crop plants. Nitric oxide (NO)-derived molecules are referred to as RNS and associated with nitro-oxidative stress. NO is a small, uncharged, free radical, and lipophilic molecule acting as a protective and signaling molecule. Diverse sources are reported for NO generation in plants by enzymatic synthesis involving putative nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase nitrate reductase, nitrite-NO reductase, as well as non-enzymatic synthesis. Stress conditions induces ROS generation and sometime concomittant increase in NO concentration in plant cells. Both these molecules also present acooperative mechanism in plant cell to counteract the harmful effects of stress. Failing to properly coordinate and balance these two molecules in plant cells affects growth, development, yield, productivity and ultimately survival of plants.

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Abbreviations

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

NADPH oxidase or NOX:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NR:

Nitrate reductase

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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  1. Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi PG College, (Affiliated with C.C.S. University, Meerut), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arun Kumar Maurya

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  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Maurya, A.K. (2020). Oxidative Stress in Crop Plants. In: Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Agronomic Crops. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_18

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