Abstract
This paper proposed an amplitude embedding system for digital audio watermarking in the wavelet domain. In this paper, the relationship between the watermarked coefficients and the original coefficients is first presented and then amplitude-based embedding rules are combined into an amplitude-based embedding system that incorporates a system state. For the embedding in this system, the information includes synchronization codes and the watermarks are embedded into the DWT lowest frequency sub-band coefficients which can be described by a matrix form. Moreover, the SNR is rewritten as a performance index which is a quadratic form. Then, a nonlinear function connecting the performance index and the embedding system is derived. Accordingly, an optimization-based embedding system is proposed. Finally, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) Theorem is used to obtain the optimal solution, which is an important formula for watermarking. In addition, the hidden information can be extracted without knowledge of the original audio. In the experiments, the performance of the proposed system is tested and the results verify the high SNR and strong robustness against multimedia signal processing or malicious attacks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chen, S.-T., Huang, H.-N., Chen, C.-J., Wu, G.-D.: Energy-proportion based scheme for audio watermarking. IET Proc. Signal Process. 4(5), 576–587 (2010)
Chen, S.-T., Wu, G.-D., Huang, H.-N.: Wavelet-domain audio watermarking scheme using optimization-based quantization. IET Proc. Signal Process. 4(6), 720–727 (2010)
Chen, S.-T., Huang, H.-N., Chen, C.-C., Tseng, K.-K., Tu, S.-Y.: Adaptive audio watermarking via the optimization point of view on wavelet-based entropy, pp. 971–980. Digital Signal Processing, Elsevier (2013)
Tseng, K.-K., He, X., Kung, W.-M., Chen, S.-T., Liao, M.-H., Huang, H.-N.: Wavelet-based watermarking and compression for ECG signals with verification evaluation. Sensors 14(2), 3721–3736 (2014)
Chen, S.-T., Guo, Y.-J., Huang, H.-N., Kung, W.-M., Tseng, K.-K., Tu, S.-Y.: Hiding patients confidential data in the ecg signal via a transform-domain quantization scheme. J. Med. Syst. 38(6), 54 (2014)
Chen, S.-T., Hsu, C.-Y., Huang, H.-N.: Wavelet-domain audio watermarking using optimal modification on low-frequency amplitude. IET Proc. Signal Process. 9(2), 166–176 (2015)
Huang, H.-N., Chen, S.-T., Lin, M.-S., Kung, W.-M., Hsu, C.-Y.: Optimization-based embedding for wavelet-domain audio watermarking. J. Signal Process. Syst. 80(2), 197–208 (2015)
Zhao, M., Pan, J.-S., Chen, S.-T.: Entropy-based audio watermarking via the point of view on the compact particle swarm optimization. J. Internet Technol. 16(3), 485–495 (2015)
Chen, S.-T., Huang, H.-N.: Optimization-Based Audio Watermarking with Integrated Quantization Embedding. Multimed. Tools Appl. 75(8), 4735–4751 (2016)
Lee, M.-C., Lau, C.-Y.:Three orders mixture algorithm of audio steganography combining cryptography. J. Inf. Hiding Multimed. Signal Process. 9(4) (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lin, MJ., Zhao, M., Chen, ST., Chen, CJ. (2020). Digital Audio Watermarking by Amplitude Embedding System. In: Pan, JS., Li, J., Tsai, PW., Jain, L. (eds) Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 156. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9714-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9714-1_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9713-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9714-1
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)